A Novel Multiple DBC-staked units Package to Parallel More Chips for SiC Power Module

Silicon carbide(SiC) power modules play an essential role in the electric vehicle drive system. To improve their performance, reduce their size, and increase production efficiency, this paper proposes a multiple staked direct bonded copper(DBC) unit based power module packaging method to parallel more chips. This method utilizes mutual inductance cancellation effect to reduce parasitic inductance. Because the conduction area in the new package is doubled, the overall area of power module can be reduced. Entire power module is divided into smaller units to enhance manufacture yield, and improve design freedom. This paper provides a detailed design, analysis and fabrication procedure for the proposed package structure. Additionally, this paper offers several feasible solutions for the connection between power terminals and DBC untis. With the structure, 18dies were paralleled for each phase-leg in a econodual size power module. Both simulation and double pulse test results demonstrate that, compared to conventional layouts, the proposed package method has 74.8% smaller parasitic inductance and 34.9% lower footprint.

Serum cystatin C,monocyte/high-density lipoprotein-C ratio,and uric acid for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and heart failure

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease(CHD)and heart failure(HF)are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Early and accurate diagnoses of CHD and HF are essential for optimal management and prognosis.However,conventional diagnostic methods such as electrocardiography,echocardiography,and cardiac biomarkers have certain limitations,such as low sensitivity,specificity,availability,and cost-effectiveness.Therefore,there is a need for simple,noninvasive,and reliable biomarkers to diagnose CHD and HF.AIM To investigate serum cystatin C(Cys-C),monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR),and uric acid(UA)diagnostic values for CHD and HF.METHODS We enrolled 80 patients with suspected CHD or HF who were admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and July 2023.The patients were divided into CHD(n=20),HF(n=20),CHD+HF(n=20),and control groups(n=20).The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were measured using immunonephelometry and an enzymatic method,respectively,and the diagnostic values for CHD and HF were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD,HF,and CHD+HF groups than those in the control group.The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD+HF group than those in the CHD or HF group.The ROC curve analysis showed that serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA had good diagnostic performance for CHD and HF,with areas under the curve ranging from 0.78 to 0.93.The optimal cutoff values of serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA for diagnosing CHD,HF,and CHD+HF were 1.2 mg/L,0.9×10^(9),and 389μmol/L;1.4 mg/L,1.0×10^(9),and 449μmol/L;and 1.6 mg/L,1.1×10^(9),and 508μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA are useful biomarkers for diagnosing CHD and HF,and CHD+HF.These can provide information for decision-making and risk stratification in patients with CHD and HF.

Tandem hydroalkylation and deoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolics to synthesize high-density fuels

Lignin is the most abundant naturally phenolic biomass,and the synthesis of high-performance renewable fuel from lignin has attracted significant attention.We propose the efficient synthesis of high-density fuels using simulated lignin cracked oil in tandem with hydroalkylation and deoxygenation reactions.First,we investigated the reaction pathway for the hydroalkylation of phenol,which competes with the hydrodeoxygenation form cyclohexane.And then,we investigated the effects of metal catalyst types,the loading amount of metallic,acid dosage,and reactant ratio on the reaction results.The phenol hydroalkylation and hydrodeoxygenation were balanced when 180℃ and 5 MPa H_(2)with the alkanes yield of 95%.By extending the substrate to other lignin-derived phenolics and simulated lignin cracked oil,we obtained the polycyclic alkane fuel with high density of 0.918 g·ml^(-1)and calorific value of41.2 MJ·L^(-1).Besides,the fuel has good low-temperature properties(viscosity of 9.3 mm^(2)·s^(-1)at 20℃ and freezing point below-55℃),which is expected to be used as jet fuel.This work provides a promising way for the easy and green production of high-density fuel directly from real lignin oil.

Kinetic-Thermodynamic Promotion Engineering toward High-Density Hierarchical and Zn-Doping Activity-Enhancing ZnNiO@CF for High-Capacity Desalination

Despite the promising potential of transition metal oxides(TMOs)as capacitive deionization(CDI)electrodes,the actual capacity of TMOs electrodes for sodium storage is significantly lower than the theoretical capacity,posing a major obstacle.Herein,we prepared the kinetically favorable Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O electrode in situ growth on carbon felt(Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF)through constraining the rate of OH^(−)generation in the hydrothermal method.Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF exhibited a high-density hierarchical nanosheet structure with three-dimensional open pores,benefitting the ion transport/electron transfer.And tuning the moderate amount of redox-inert Zn-doping can enhance surface electroactive sites,actual activity of redox-active Ni species,and lower adsorption energy,promoting the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic of the Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF.Benefitting from the kinetic-thermodynamic facilitation mechanism,Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF achieved ultrahigh desalination capacity(128.9 mgNaCl g^(-1)),ultra-low energy consumption(0.164 kW h kgNaCl^(-1)),high salt removal rate(1.21 mgNaCl g^(-1) min^(-1)),and good cyclability.The thermodynamic facilitation and Na^(+)intercalation mechanism of Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF are identified by the density functional theory calculations and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring,respectively.This research provides new insights into controlling electrochemically favorable morphology and demonstrates that Zn-doping,which is redox-inert,is essential for enhancing the electrochemical performance of CDI electrodes.

Vehicle-oriented ridesharing package delivery in blockchain system

Package delivery via ridesharing provides appealing benefits of lower delivery cost and efficient vehicle usage.Most existing ridesharing systems operate the matching of ridesharing in a centralized manner,which may result in the single point of failure once the controller breaks down or is under attack.To tackle such problems,our goal in this paper is to develop a blockchain-based package delivery ridesharing system,where decentralization is adopted to remove intermediaries and direct transactions between the providers and the requestors are allowed.To complete the matching process under decentralized structure,an Event-Triggered Distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning(ETDDRL)algorithm is proposed to generate/update the real-time ridesharing orders for the new coming ridesharing requests from a local view.Simulation results reveal the vast potential of the ETDDRL matching algorithm under the blockchain framework for the promotion of the ridesharing profits.Finally,we develop an application for Android-based terminals to verify the ETDDRL matching algorithm.

Multi-Component Resource Recycling from Waste Light-Emitting Diode Under Hydrothermal Condition:Plastic Package Degradation,Speciation of Nano-TiO_(2),and Environmental Impact Assessment

Light emitting diodes(LEDs)have accounted for most of the lighting market as the technology matures and costs continue to reduce.As a new type of e-waste,LED is a double-edged sword,as it contains not only precious and rare metals but also organic packaging materials.In previous studies,LED recycling focused on recovering precious and strategic metals while ignoring harmful substances such as organic packaging materials.Unlike crushing and other traditional methods,hydrothermal treatment can provide an environment-friendly process for decomposing packaging materials.This work developed a closed reaction vessel,where the degradation rate of plastic polyphthalamide(PPA)was close to 100%,with nano-TiO_(2)encapsulated in plastic PPA being efficiently recovered,while metals contained in LED were also recycled efficiently.Besides,the role of water in plastic PPA degradation that has been overlooked in current studies was explored and speculated in detail in this work.Environmental impact assessment revealed that the proposed recycling route for waste LED could significantly reduce the overall environmental impact compared to the currently published processes.Especially the developed method could reduce more than half the impact of global warming.Furthermore,this research provides a theoretical basis and a promising method for recycling other plastic-packaged e-waste devices,such as integrated circuits.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a predictor of the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)and the disease activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:A total of 87 patients were classified into two groups based on clinical activity score(CAS)scoring criteria:high CAS group(n=62,the CAS score was≥3);low CAS group(n=25,the CAS score was<3).In addition,a group of healthy people(n=114)were included to compared the MHR.Proptosis,MHR,average signal intensity ratio(SIR),average lacrimal gland(LG)-SIR,average extraocular muscles(EOM)area from 87 patients with TAO were calculated in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and compared between these two groups.Correlation testing was utilized to evaluate the association of parameters among the clinical variables.RESULTS:Patients in high CAS group had a higher proptosis(P=0.041)and MHR(P=0.048).Compared to the healthy group,the MHR in the TAO group was higher(P=0.001).Correlation testing declared that CAS score was strongly associated with proptosis and average SIR,and MHR was positively associated with CAS score,average SIR,and average LG-SIR.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of MHR was 0.6755.CONCLUSION:MHR,a novel inflammatory biomarker,has a significant association with CAS score and MRI imaging(average SIR and LG-SIR)and it can be a new promising predictor during the active phase of TAO.

A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma in the double-cone ignition scheme

A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma is proposed to describe the effect of injected fast electrons on the temperature and inner pressure of the plasma in the fast heating process of the double-cone ignition(DCI)scheme.Due to the collision of the two low-density plasmas,the density and volume of the high-density plasma vary.Therefore,the ignition temperature and energy requirement of the high-density plasma vary at different moments,and the required energy for hot electrons to heat the plasma also changes.In practical experiments,the energy input of hot electrons needs to be considered.To reduce the energy input of hot electrons,the optimal moment and the shortest time for injecting hot electrons with minimum energy are analyzed.In this paper,it is proposed to inject hot electrons for a short time to heat the high-density plasma to a relatively high temperature.Then,the alpha particles with the high heating rate and PdV work heat the plasma to the ignition temperature,further reducing the energy required to inject hot electrons.The study of the injection time of fast electrons can reduce the energy requirement of fast electrons for the high-density plasma and increase the probability of successful ignition of the high-density plasma.

DSN-BR-Based Online Inspection Method and Application for Surface Defects of Pharmaceutical Products in Aluminum-Plastic Blister Packages

Ensuring high product quality is of paramount importance in pharmaceutical drug manufacturing,as it is subject to rigorous regulatory practices.This study presents a research focused on the development of an on-line detection method and system for identifying surface defects in pharmaceutical products packaged in aluminum-plastic blisters.Firstly,the aluminum-plastic blister packages exhibit multi-scale features and inter-class indistinction.To address this,the deep semantic network with boundary refinement(DSN-BR)model is proposed,which leverages semantic segmentation domain knowledge,to accurately segment the defects in pixel level.Additionally,a specialized image acquisition module that minimizes the impact of ambient light is established,ensuring high-quality image capture.Finally,the image acquisition module,image detection module,and data management module are designed to construct a comprehensive online surface defect detection system.To validate the effectiveness of our approach,we employ a real dataset for instance verification on the implemented system.The experimental results substantiate the outstanding performance of the DSN-BR,achieving the mean intersection over union(MIoU)of 90.5%.Furthermore,the proposed system achieves an inference speed of up to 14.12 f/s,while attaining an F1-Score of 98.25%.These results demonstrate that the system meets the actual needs of the enterprise and provides theoretical and methodological support for intelligent inspection of product surface quality.By standardizing the control process of pharmaceutical manufacturing and improving the management capability of the manufacturing process,our approach holds significant market application prospects.

Low Stress TSV Arrays for High-Density Interconnection

In three-dimensional(3D)stacking,the thermal stress of through-silicon via(TSV)has a significant influence on chip performance and reliability,and this problem is exacerbated in high-density TSV arrays.In this study,a novel hollow tungsten TSV(W-TSV)is presented and developed.The hollow structure provides space for the release of thermal stress.Simulation results showed that the hollow W-TSV structure can release 60.3%of thermal stress within the top 2 lm from the surface,and thermal stress can be decreased to less than 20 MPa in the radial area of 3 lm.The ultra-high-density(1600 TSV∙mm2)TSV array with a size of 640×512,a pitch of 25 lm,and an aspect ratio of 20.3 was fabricated,and the test results demonstrated that the proposed TSV has excellent electrical and reliability performances.The average resistance of the TSV was 1.21 X.The leakage current was 643 pA and the breakdown voltage was greater than 100 V.The resistance change is less than 2%after 100 temperature cycles from40 to 125℃.Raman spectroscopy showed that the maximum stress on the wafer surface caused by the hollow W-TSV was 31.02 MPa,which means that there was no keep-out zone(KOZ)caused by the TSV array.These results indicate that this structure has great potential for applications in large-array photodetectors and 3D integrated circuits.

Intervention package on stress management: Improving comprehensive well-being among nurses

Objective:The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the stress management intervention package in improving stress-related burnout.Materials and Methods:An experimental study was done on 300 nurses selected by a nonprobability convenience sampling technique and a quasi-experimental one-group pre-and posttest research design was utilized.Modified expanded nurses stress scale and self-structured three-point Likert scale on the challenges that nurses may face following stressful life events utilized to collect information.The nurses signed up for six interactive sessions on various stress-coping methods by utilizing a variety of teaching strategies such as lecture cum discussion,video slides,group work,and direct interaction with the experts to explore stress-related issues.Results:Continuous stress affects both the body and the mind,causing psychosomatic symptoms.Data found that 2%to 10%of nurses frequently suffered with physical symptoms such as exhaustion,backache,acidity,headache,shoulder stiffness,and insomnia.Following the intervention,the number of nurses who had these symptoms frequently and sometimes decreased.Previously,10%of nurses experienced emotional symptoms frequently;however,after intervention,this figure was reduced to<2%.The greatest proportion of nurses(18%)reported frequently worrying,while 1.3%expressed frequent worrying after intervention.Maximum(5%)of nurses had a tendency to eat too little or too much;this has been reduced to 0.3%after the intervention.The intervention package on stress management significantly improved nurses’Conclusion:An intervention package for stress management was helpful in lowering physical,emotional,psychological,and behavioral stress-related symptoms among nurses.

Predictive value of intracranial high-density areas in neurological function

BACKGROUND Intracranial high-density areas(HDAs)have attracted considerable attention for predicting clinical outcomes;however,whether HDAs predict worse neurological function and mental health remains controversial and unclear,which requires further investigation.In this prospective study,96 patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)who accepted endovascular mechanical thrombectomy(EMT)were included.The enrolled patients underwent cranial computed tomography(CT)examination within 24 hours after EMT.Clinical data in terms of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),the 3-month modified Rankin Scale(mRS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)scores were collected and compared between patients with HDAs and non-HDAs and between patients with good and poor clinical prognosis.Compared to patients without HDAs,patients with HDAs presented severe neurological deficits(admission NIHSS score:18±3 vs 19±4),were more likely to have post-stroke disabilities(mRS<3:35%vs 62%),and suffered more severe depression(SDS score:58±16 vs 64±13)and anxiety disorder(SAS score:52±8 vs 59±10).Compared to patients with a good prognosis,patients with a poor prognosis presented severe neurological deficits(admission NIHSS score:17±4 vs 20±3),were more likely to have HDAs on CT images(64%vs 33%),and suffered more severe depression(SDS score:55±19 vs 65±11)and anxiety(SAS score:50±8 vs 58±12).Multivariate analysis revealed that HDAs were independent nega-tive prognostic factors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,HDAs on CT images predicted poor prognosis and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with AIS who underwent EMT.

Ex⁃situ Measurement of Internal Deformation in Ball Grid Array Package with Digital Volume Correlation

In spacecraft electronic devices,the deformation of solder balls within ball grid array(BGA)packages poses a significant risk of system failure.Therefore,accurately measuring the mechanical behavior of solder balls is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of spacecraft.Although finite element simulations have been extensively used to study solder ball deformation,there is a significant lack of experimental validation,particularly under thermal cycling conditions.This is due to the challenges in accurately measuring the internal deformations of solder balls and eliminating the rigid body displacement introduced during ex-situ thermal cycling tests.In this work,an ex-situ three-dimensional deformation measurement method using X-ray computed tomography(CT)and digital volume correlation(DVC)is proposed to overcome these obstacles.By incorporating the layer-wise reliability-guided displacement tracking(LW-RGDT)DVC with a singular value decomposition(SVD)method,this method enables accurate assessment of solder ball mechanical behavior in BGA packages without the influence of rigid body displacement.Experimental results reveal that BGA structures exhibit progressive convex deformation with increased thermal cycling,particularly in peripheral solder balls.This method provides a reliable and effective tool for assessing internal deformations in electronic packages under ex-situ conditions,which is crucial for their design optimization and lifespan predictions.

Correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and pulse wave conduction velocity

Background:Helicobacter pylori(HP)is associated with several gastrointestinal diseases,including peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer,and non-gastrointestinal diseases such as hypertension and Alzheimer's disease.However,the relationship between HP and lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the association between H.pylori infection and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and pulse wave conduction velocity.Methods:This is a report of a cross-sectional study that collected data from 2,827 participants.The data collected included results of life questionnaires,laboratory tests,13C-urea breath test(13C-UBT),and pulse wave conduction velocity test.Based on the results of the 13C-UBT test,the subjects were divided into two groups:the HP-uninfected group(HP−)and the HP-infected group(HP+).The study compared the differences in HDL-C levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)between the two groups.One-way regression analysis was used to identify potential factors affecting HDL-C levels in the study population.Multiple regression equations were presented to analyze whether HP infection was an independent risk factor for abnormal HDL-C metabolism in the population.Results:Univariate analysis demonstrated that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were significantly lower in the HP+group compared to the HP−group,with a mean difference ofβ=−18.1 mg/dl(95%CI:−19.3 to−17.0,P<0.001).After adjusting for all variables,the HDL-C levels remained lower in the HP+group compared to the HP-group,with a mean difference ofβ=−17.4 mg/dl(95%CI:−18.2 to−16.7,P<0.001).These findings suggest that H.pylori infection is independently associated with abnormal HDL-C metabolism.Additionally,brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)was higher in the HP+group than in the HP−group on both sides.On the right side,the baPWV was 1,713.4±231.4 cm/s in the HP+group compared to 1,542.8±237.5 cm/s in the HP−group(t=−18.30,P<0.001).On the left side,the baPWV was 1,743.7±238.8 cm/s in the HP+group compared to 1,562.8±256.3 cm/s in the HP−group(t=−18.23,P<0.001).These results indicate a significant association between H.pylori infection and increased arterial stiffness,as measured by baPWV.Conclusion:Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and an increase in pulse wave conduction velocity.

Drop failure modes of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder joints in wafer level chip scale package

To reveal the drop failure modes of the wafer level chip scale packages （WLCSPs） with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder joints, board level drop tests were performed according to the JEDEC standard. Six failure modes were identified, i.e., short FR-4 cracks and complete FR-4 cracks at the printing circuit board （PCB） side, split between redistribution layer （RDL） and Cu under bump metallization （UBM）, RDL fracture, bulk cracks and partial bulk and intermetallic compound （IMC） cracks at the chip side. For the outmost solder joints, complete FR-4 cracks tended to occur, due to large deformation of PCB and low strength of FR-4 dielectric layer. The formation of complete FR-4 cracks largely absorbed the impact energy, resulting in the absence of other failure modes. For the inner solder joints, the absorption of impact energy by the short FR-4 cracks was limited, resulting in other failure modes at the chip side.

Contrast between 2D inversion and 3D inversion based on 2D high-density resistivity data

The 2D data processing adopted by the high-density resistivity method regards the geological structures as two degrees, which makes the results of the 2D data inversion only an approximate interpretation;the accuracy and effect can not meet the precise requirement of the inversion. Two typical models of the geological bodies were designed, and forward calculation was carried out using finite element method. The forward-modeled profiles were obtained. 1% Gaussian random error was added in the forward models and then 2D and 3D inversions using a high-density resistivity method were undertaken to realistically simulate field data and analyze the sensitivity of the 2D and 3D inversion algorithms to noise. Contrast between the 2D and 3D inversion results of least squares inversion shows that two inversion results of high-density resistivity method all can basically reflect the spatial position of an anomalous body. However, the 3D inversion can more effectively eliminate the influence of interference from Gaussian random error and better reflect the distribution of resistivity in the anomalous bodies. Overall, the 3D inversion was better than 2D inversion in terms of embodying anomalous body positions, morphology and resistivity properties.

Effect of Freshness Protection Package on Storage and Preservation of Chinese Cabbage

The effect of freshness protection package on Chinese cabbage placed in the self-made shelf in ventilated storage was investigated, and the physiological-qual-ity indexes change were determined during the storage period. The results showed that the losses of weight and vitamin C were significantly reduced. The accumula-tion of crude fiber was effectively inhibited. But protein content was maintained at a low level and the rotting more serious of Chinese cabbage at the end of the stor-age packaged with the fresh keeping bags.

Application of wavelet package filtering in the de-noising of fiber optic gyroscopes

To reduce the drift error existing in the output signal of fiber optic gyroscopes （FOG）, a mathematical model of the FOG output signal is set up; the error characteristics of the FOG output signal are analyzed, and semi-soft threshold filtering is chosen based on the comparison of hard threshold and soft threshold filtering. The semi-soft threshold wavelet package filtering method is applied in the filtering of the FOG output signal. Experiments of the stationary and dynamic FOG output signals filtered with the wavelet package analysis are carried out in a lab environment, respectively. Experiments done with the real-time measured FOG signal show that the method of semi-soft threshold wavelet package filtering reduces the mean square error from 5 （°）/h to 1 （°）/h, so it is effective in eliminating the white noises and the fractal noises existing in the FOG. The novel method proposed here is proved valid in reducing the FOG drift error, satisfying the technical demands of high precision and realtime processing.

Integrated power electronics module based on chip scale packaged power devices

High performance can be obtained for the integrated power electronics module（IPEM） by using a three-dimensional packaging structure instead of a planar structure. A three- dimensional packaged half bridge-IPEM （HB-IPEM）, consisting of two chip scale packaged MOSFETs and the corresponding gate driver and protection circuits, is fabricated at the laboratory. The reliability of the IPEM is controlled from the shape design of solder joints and the control of assembly process parameters. The parasitic parameters are extracted using Agilent 4395A impedance analyzer for building the parasitic parameter model of the HB- IPEM. A 12 V/3 A output synchronous rectifier Buck converter using the HB-IPEM is built to test the electrical performance of the HB-IPEM. Low voltage spikes on two MOSFETs illustrate that the three-dimensional package of the HB-IPEM can decrease parasitic inductance. Temperature distribution simulation results of the HB-IPEM using FLOTHERM are given. Heat dissipation of the solder joints makes the peak junction temperature of the chip drop obviously. The package realizes three-dimensional heat dissipation and has better thermal management.

利用Oracle PL/SQL Package实现Dispatcher设计模式

Dispatcher设计模式可以使用各种技术来实现。以社会保险业务处理为基础,有效地利用ORACLEPL/SQLPac-kage语言及支撑环境对面向对象技术的支持,通过定义消息ID、传递消息ID、撰写处理函数、连接消息ID和处理函数来实现Dispatcher设计模式,并且构造出能处理各项社会保险管理业务的Package组件。