The failure propagation of weakly stable sediment:A reason for the formation of high-velocity turbidity currents in submarine canyons

The long-distance movement of turbidity currents in submarine canyons can transport large amounts of sediment to deep-sea plains.Previous studies show obvious differences in the turbidity current velocities derived from the multiple cables damage events ranging from 5.9 to 28.0 m/s and those of field observations between 0.15 and 7.2 m/s.Therefore,questions remain regarding whether a turbid fluid in an undersea environment can flow through a submarine canyon for a long distance at a high speed.A new model based on weakly stable sediment is proposed(proposed failure propagation model for weakly stable sediments,WS S-PFP model for short)to explain the high-speed and long-range motion of turbidity currents in submarine canyons through the combination of laboratory tests and numerical analogs.The model is based on two mechanisms:1)the original turbidity current triggers the destabilization of the weakly stable sediment bed and promotes the destabilization and transport of the soft sediment in the downstream direction and 2)the excitation wave that forms when the original turbidity current moves into the canyon leads to the destabilization and transport of the weakly stable sediment in the downstream direction.The proposed model will provide dynamic process interpretation for the study of deep-sea deposition,pollutant transport,and optical cable damage.

CFD simulation on the generation of turbidites in deepwater areas: a case study of turbidity current processes in Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Turbidity currents represent a major agent for sediment transport in lakes, seas and oceans. In particu-lar, they formulate the most significant clastic accumulations in the deep sea, which become many of the world＇s most important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Several boreholes in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the north-western South China Sea, have recently revealed turbidity current deposits as significant hydrocarbon res-ervoirs. However, there are some arguments for the potential provenances. To solve this problem, it is es-sential to delineate their sedimentary processes as well as to evaluate their qualities as reservoir. Numerical simulations have been developed rapidly over the last several years, offering insights into turbidity current behaviors, as geologically significant turbidity currents are difficult to directly investigate due to their large scale and often destructive nature. Combined with the interpretation of the turbidity system based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, the paleotophography is acquired via a back-stripping seismic profile integrated with a borehole, i.e., Well A, in the western Qiongdongnan Basin; then a numerical model is built on the basis of this back-stripped profile. After defining the various turbidity current initial boundary conditions, includ-ing grain size, velocity and sediment concentration, the structures and behaviors of turbidity currents are investigated via numerical simulation software ANSYS FLUENT. Finally, the simulated turbidity deposits are compared with the interpreted sedimentary bodies based on 3D seismic data and the potential provenances of the revealed turbidites by Well A are discussed in details. The simulation results indicate that a sedimen-tary body develops far away from its source with an average grain size of 0.1 mm, i.e., sand-size sediment. Taking into account the location and orientation of the simulated seismic line, the consistence between normal forward simulation results and the revealed cores in Well A indicates that the turbidites should have been transported from Vietnam instead of Hainan Island. This interpretation has also been verified by the planar maps of sedimentary systems based on integration of boreholes and seismic data. The identification of the turbidity provenance will benefit the evaluation of extensively distributed submarine fans for hydro-carbon exploration in the deepwater areas.

Features and Origin of Turbidity Current Sediment Waves in the Huatung Basin off the Eastern Taiwan Island

Based on numerous high-resolution seismic profiles,sediment waves and their distribution,morphological characteristics,internal structure,and potential origins were revealed in the eastern waters of Taiwan.The sediment waves are located at the junction between the Taitung Canyon and other canyons in the slope.The wave length and the wave height of a single waveform ranged from 0.8 to 7.2 km and from 18 to 75 m,respectively(NE-SW direction).Sediment waves,located inside the bend of the Taitung Canyon,were characterized by an upward migration and showed mass transport deposits(MTDs)at the bottom,while the inner curve of the bend was subdivided into lower and upper wavy transition units.The sediment waves on the outer curve of the bend were characterized by vertical accumulation,and there was no mass flow deposit at the bottom.According to the geometry of the sediment waves,the calculated flow thicknesses across the entire wave field ranged from 196 to 356 m,and the current velocity ranged from 15 to 21 cm/s.The morphological characteristics,the internal structure,and the distribution of sediment waves,as well as the numerical calculations,evidenced that these sediment waves had formed by turbidity currents.The development of the sediment wave field in eastern Taiwan was found to be similar to that in southwestern Taiwan.It was the sedimentary response of the tectonic movement between 3 and^1 Ma which created the sedimentary systems where gravity flow processes predominated.Turbidity current sediments settled in the place of less topographical constraints or overflowed in the bend section of the Taitung Canyon,which resulted in the formation of sediment wave fields.

Evaluation of flow regime of turbidity currents entering Dez Reservoir using extended shallow water model

In this study, the performance of the extended shallow water model （ESWM） in evaluation of the flow regime of turbidity currents entering the Dez Reservoir was investigated. The continuity equations for fluid and particles and the Navier-Stokes equations govern the entire flow of turbidity currents. The shallow water equations governing the flow of the depositing phase of turbidity currents are derived from these equations. A case study was conducted on the flow regime of turbidity currents entering the Dez Reservoir in Iran from January 2002 to July 2003. Facing a serious sedimentation problem, the dead storage of the Dez Reservoir will be full in the coming 10 years, and the inflowing water in the hydropower conduit system is now becoming turbid. Based on the values of the dimensionless friction number （ Nf ≤1 ） and dimensionless entrainment number （ NE≤ 1 ） of turbidity currents, and the coefficient of determination between the observed and predicted deposit depths （R2 = 0.86） for the flow regime of negligible friction and negligible entrainment （NFNE）, the flow regime of turbidity currents coming into the Dez Reservoir is considered to be NFNE. The results suggest that the ESWM is an appropriate approach for evaluation of the flow regime of turbidity currents in dam reservoirs where the characteristics of turbidity currents, such as the deposit depth, must be evaluated.

合水地区长6_(3)深水重力流沉积特征研究

合水地区是鄂尔多斯盆地近年来原油勘探的重点区块,在系统分析沉积构造、岩石学特征、结构粒度特征等沉积相识别标志的基础上,结合区域沉积背景,开展了合水地区长6_(3)重力流沉积类型及展布特征研究。结果表明,合水地区长6_(3)油层亚组为湖泊-重力流沉积体系,发育半深湖-深湖沉积亚相,可进一步划分为浊流沉积、砂质碎屑流、滑塌沉积三种重力流沉积类型;其中砂质碎屑流及浊流为主要控砂微相,主要分布在研究区的中部、南部区域,为区内有利储集相带。

南海北部陆坡X区MTDs特征及形态动力学控制因素

海底斜坡地形对浊流的走向及其沉积物的分布与几何形状具有控制作用。越来越多的研究表明,块体搬运沉积体系(MTDs)顶面地形起伏不平,也会影响后续浊流沉积分布。为了进一步探究海底复杂地形如何对后期浊流的沉积分布产生影响,基于南海北部陆坡X区三维地震数据,对研究区发育的MTDs及其顶界面地形进行刻画,利用Fluent软件中多相流双欧拉法和Realizable k-ε湍流模型对MTDs顶面地形进行数值模拟分析。结果表明,在研究区内识别出大规模的块体搬运沉积,地震剖面显示出空白杂乱反射的特征,同时还识别出逆冲断层、挤压脊等典型构造,这些构造导致MTDs顶界面的地形起伏不平。MTDs趾部发育挤压脊,浊流路过时动能逐渐消散,充填挤压脊之间的凹槽,趾部平缓区域沉积分布明显。入流初速度越大,MTDs顶界面受到的侵蚀程度就越严重,且随着模拟过程的结束,后期浊流对MTDs顶界面的侵蚀和沉积分布走向与入口方向平行。

Research on Characteristics of Density Current Under the Action of Waves

In this paper, the characteristics of density current under the action of waves are described with the help of flume experiment and theoretical analysis. The study shows that turbid water under the action of the waves can present three types of motion, i. e. significant stratification, fragile stratification and strong mixing. The motion gf turbid;,ater presents significant stratification when (H/D)/root Delta rho/rho less than or equal to 4.5, generally this state is known as density current. The formulas of motion velocity, thickness, and discharge of density current moving on horizontal bottom are derived by use of basic equations such as momemtum equation, equation of energy conservation and continuity equation of fluid. The time-average velocity and the thickness of density current under the action of waves have a relationship with such parameters as relative density (Delta rho/rho), wave height (H), and water depth (D). When these parameters are determined, the time-average thickness and motion velocity of density current are also determined. The relative thickness of density current (D-t/D) decreases with the increase of Delta rho/rho and increases with the increase of H/D. On the other hand, the motion velocity of density current increases with the increase of Delta rho/rho and decreases with the increase of the relative thickness (D-t/D) of density current. It is shown that the calculated results are in agreement with those of the flume experiment.

Steady Lateral Growth of Three-Dimensional Particle Laden Density Currents

In this paper the steady lateral growth of three-dimensional turbulent inclined turbidity current is investigated. To simulate the current, an experimental setup is developed to analyze the turbidity current for different regimes in the particle laden density currents environment. The Buckingham’s π theorem together with a dimensional analysis is implemented to derive the appropriate non-dimensional variables. The experimental results were normalized and plotted in the form of non-dimensional graphs from which a theoretical model is developed and analyzed. Based on the results obtained for the steady lateral growth, three different regimes, namely, inertia-viscous one as the first regime, buoyancy-viscous and gravity-viscous as the second and third regimes are distinguished within the current.In these regimes, the force balance is between the driving and resisting forces. Namely, in the first regime, the force balance is between the inertia and viscous forces, in the second regime, the buoyancy and viscous forces, and in the third regime, gravity and viscous forces are balanced. The experimental results indicate that the lateral growth rate in the first regime is smaller than that in the second and third regimes due to the magnitude and type of the forces involved in those regimes. According to the graphical results, the three different lateral growth rates appear when the normalized current length is smaller than about 3, between about 3 and 10, and larger than about 10. In those regions,the slopes of the data are different with respect to one another.

深水等深流与重力流交互作用沉积(2000—2022年)研究进展

等深流与重力流在深水环境中较为常见,两者在地质历史时期中可存在相互作用进而形成交互作用沉积。结合近20年研究成果,对深水等深流与重力流交互作用的沉积类型、鉴别标志、形成机理及地质意义进行了总结。1)等深流与重力流交互作用沉积可分为等深流与重力流沉积互层、等深流改造重力流及等深流与重力流同时作用沉积。2)等深流沉积和重力流沉积的有效鉴别是等深流与重力流沉积互层沉积研究的前提。3)等深流改造重力流沉积发育重力流和牵引流沉积构造,双向交错层理最为典型;常具顺斜坡向下及大致平行斜坡的两个水流方向;概率累积曲线呈1~3段式等特征。4)等深流与重力流同时作用沉积主要发育单向迁移水道、不对称的水道—堤岸体系及偏转型朵叶。5)交互作用形成过程主要受等深流与重力流相对能量大小的影响。当重力流活跃时,发育重力流沉积,在重力流末期及间歇期,等深流沉积发育,进而形成重力流与等深流沉积互层。等深流能量较强时,可改造重力流沉积,形成等深流改造重力流沉积。高能等深流在重力流能量较弱时,可对重力流沉积物进行横向搬运,形成迁移水道、不对称水道—堤岸体系及偏转型朵叶。6)主要问题及下一步的主攻方向主要包括四个方面:①重视综合研究,增加实例分析;②完善鉴别标志,推广研究成果;③多方法、多尺度、多条件、多维度综合探讨交互作用沉积过程及主控因素;④加强油气勘探潜力、古环境演化及地质灾害预防等方面的研究。

南堡凹陷东北部东二段重力流砂岩储层发育规律

随着勘探程度的提高,深水重力流成因的浊积岩储层已成为我国东部断陷湖盆油气勘探开发的重要目标之一。因为沉积分异不足和成岩破坏,重力流砂岩的储层质量通常整体较差,优质储层的预测成为制约其有效油气勘探的关键地质因素。利用岩心、测井资料及储层物性、岩石薄片分析结果,研究了南堡凹陷东北部东营组二段重力流砂岩的岩相特征、成因类型、储层特征,以探索优质储层的控制因素和发育规律。研究表明,区内重力流沉积可细分为8种岩相,解释为滑动滑塌、砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流、浊流4类成因。储层物性参数统计分析证实,本区重力流砂岩储层非均质性强,储层质量受控于砂岩成因、砂-泥结构及其影响的溶蚀强度。从成因看,砂质碎屑流和浊流对重力流砂岩优质储层的发育贡献最大。砂质碎屑流成因的块状砂岩厚度较大、泥岩夹层较少、钙质胶结物的溶蚀程度高,储层质量最好;而浊流成因的砂岩厚度较薄,与泥岩呈互层或夹层产出,成岩环境封闭、钙质胶结物溶蚀程度低,储层质量较差。本研究为湖盆深水重力流砂岩油气的高效勘探开发提供了一种基于成因和结构的储层预测思路。

超临界浊流之地貌动力学和沉积特征

超临界流在现代沉积环境中几乎无处不在,但相关沉积物却极少从地层记录中被辨识出来,这是当前沉积学研究所面临的一个困境,文中称之为“超临界流沉积问题”。按弗劳德数增大顺序,超临界流可依次形成稳定逆行沙丘、不稳定逆行沙丘、急滩—深潭及周期阶坎等底形,相应的地貌动力学也从同相位体制(逆行沙丘)逐渐过渡为水跃体制(急滩—深潭和周期阶坎)。相对于明渠流,浊流因折算密度低而更易成为超临界流。超临界浊流底形的长波长、低幅度、逆流(坡)迁移特性,决定了其沉积物发育特征的后积层理、近平行—低角度交错层理、与水跃有关的快速堆积及冲刷—充填和建造—充填构造。超临界浊流沉积可以通过沉积体的几何形态(包括波长/波高比、平面和剖面形态等)和内部沉积特征(包括波脊逆坡迁移、沉积构造、粒度变化趋势及沉积相组合等)的综合分析加以鉴别。露头、岩心分析与高分辨率地震、浅剖、多波束测深等地球物理资料的综合,是准确鉴别超临界浊流沉积单元的重要途径。本文对超临界浊流地貌动力学研究进展进行综述,并对地层记录中超临界浊流沉积的鉴别标志及相关问题进行探讨。

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘上奥陶统拉什仲组内波和内潮汐沉积成因分析

虽然地层记录中的内波和内潮汐沉积研究已有30年的研究历史,但尚未涉及深水环境中内波和内潮汐成因研究,不利于对深水复杂水动力环境下各种流体交互作用的深入研究,同时由于已发现研究实例中缺乏生物化石和遗迹化石,从而在很大程度上限制了对内波和内潮汐沉积和油气生成及运移之间的关系研究。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北部桌子山地区上奥陶统拉什仲组深水沉积为研究对象,在详细的野外观察基础上,采用沉积地球化学和沉积学相结合的方法对该组中发育的内波和内潮汐沉积进行了综合研究。结果表明:拉什仲组中的双向交错层理和浪成波纹层理可相互伴生,多发育在完全或近于完全的鲍玛序列Tc段,其寄主岩性主要为灰绿色薄-中层细砂岩、粉砂岩、黏土质粉砂岩和粉砂质黏土岩;沉积时水体介质具有海水性质总体上不明显、氧化-还原分层、盐度倒置、不受热液影响和水动力较强等现象。结合拉什仲组存在的浊流反射现象认为:拉什仲组沉积于局限海深水斜坡至盆地环境,其内波和内潮汐的形成与低密度浊流反射形成的密度跃层密切相关,具有事件性作用特征,并伴生有大量的生物化石(笔石)及遗迹化石。这种新型内波和内潮汐沉积对于深水牵引流沉积油气勘探具有重要意义。

吉尔伯特型三角洲沉积过程与沉积模式

在国内外文献调研的基础上,系统总结了吉尔伯特型三角洲概念、沉积物特征、沉积过程及模式。吉尔伯特型三角洲特指顶积层、前积层、底积层三层结构显著、重力流沉积过程主导前缘沉积的三角洲沉积。吉尔伯特型三角洲以兼具牵引流沉积与重力流沉积为典型特征,三角洲平原对应顶积层,以辫状河道沉积垂向叠置为主要特征,波浪改造作用发育;三角洲前缘斜坡以碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积为主,超临界浊流沉积构造发育,典型的沉积构造包括侵蚀凹槽、旋回坎、后积层理和广泛发育的分层构造;前三角洲对应底积层,以低密度浊流沉积为主,滑塌变形构造与碎屑滚落沉积发育,局部可见风暴改造沉积。吉尔伯特型三角洲前积层的形成过程是沉积物垮塌再搬运形成的重力流与洪水作用形成的异重流综合作用的结果,其形成过程受沉积物粒度和泥质杂基含量等内部因素与基准面升降、气候变化和构造活动等外部因素综合控制。异重流触发下超临界浊流发育的吉尔伯特型三角洲前积层形成过程研究和沉积过程与沉积构型要素综合的沉积模式研究,是吉尔伯特型三角洲沉积未来研究的攻关方向。

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系拉什仲组复合水道沉积特征及演化

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系拉什仲组发育一套砂泥互层的深水重力流沉积,其下部重力流复合水道发育。综合野外实测、薄片和粒度分析等,探讨复合水道沉积特征、形成过程及主控因素,最终建立其沉积模式。结果表明:(1)研究区发育5种岩相和3种岩相组合,即块状层理砾屑灰岩相(Cm)、粒序层理细—粉砂岩相(Sg)、平行层理砂岩相(Sp)、交错层理粉砂岩相(Sc)、水平层理(泥)页岩相(Sh),分别代表碎屑流沉积(Cm)、浊流沉积(Sg, Sp, Sc)及深水原地沉积(Sh);(2)根据复合水道内部单一水道形态、岩相组合及粒度等将复合水道分为4个期次,反映重力流能量由强到弱的变化过程;(3)复合水道多期次发育与相对海平面升降、沉积物供给、构造运动和重力流规模及能量变化密切相关;(4)重力流沉积为斜坡—盆地环境中复合水道沉积模式。该研究可补充对研究区重力流水道认识,为油气勘探提供借鉴。

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组细粒湖底扇沉积及其页岩油储层意义

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷是我国页岩油成功勘探的代表性地区之一,但至今对页岩油富集层段二叠系芦草沟组的沉积相认识还存在分歧,存在浅湖与半深湖-深湖2种不同观点,并将其中的砂岩夹层识别为三角洲前缘远砂坝、浅湖滩坝沉积。通过岩心观察和砂岩粒度、测井相、储层物性分析等方法对二叠系芦草沟组沉积相特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,研究区湖盆内部以半深湖-深湖背景下湖底扇发育为特征,以细粒浊流为搬运-沉积机制;以透镜状-波状层理泥质粉砂岩-粉砂岩为主要岩相类型,其次是平行层理粉砂岩、递变层理粉砂岩和块状-递变层理细砂岩;其粒度累计概率曲线呈以悬浮总体为主的平滑上拱式,在C-M图上样品点分布于递变悬浮段。湖底扇包括席状朵叶、重力流水道-天然堤微相,分别表现为反、正沉积旋回。发育于湖底扇(尤其是广泛分布的席状朵叶微相)内部较多的粉-细砂岩夹层,以及作为细粒沉积中外源碎屑颗粒来源的浊流活动,造就了“甜点”储层“低黏土、高斜长石”矿物含量特点和溶蚀孔隙的大量发育,从而提高了细粒储层的储集性。本研究总结了细粒湖底扇的沉积物粒度细、砂层薄和频繁发育等特点,指明了“甜点”储层分布于细粒湖底扇发育的层段和地区,对研究区页岩油勘探具有指导意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长63重力流沉积特征

湖盆重力流沉积砂体是致密油勘探的有利目标区。综合利用岩心观察、分析化验及测录井资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长63砂层组重力流沉积类型、特征、主控因素及沉积模式展开了研究。研究表明:华庆地区长63砂层组沉积粒度细,粒度概率为上凸两段式,跳跃和悬浮总体发育,具有典型深水重力流沉积的层理构造;华庆地区重力流沉积划分为滑塌沉积、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积3种类型,组成水道、朵叶及朵叶侧缘3种沉积微相。华庆地区长63深水重力流沉积发育主要受东北充足物源供给、足够湖盆水深、湖盆发育的深水坡折地形及延长期火山、地震等沉积事件影响,不同相带重力流沉积类型、砂体厚度与内部结构表现出明显差异性。在靠近三角洲源区以水道为主,由砂质碎屑流沉积和滑塌沉积组成,砂体薄而分布局限;中部沉积以朵叶为主,主要是砂质碎屑流沉积夹浊流沉积,沉积砂体垂向叠加,厚层展布;深湖区主要为朵叶侧缘,以浊流沉积为主,砂体呈薄互层分布。本研究不仅对湖盆重力流沉积认识有一定的补充作用,同时为后期重力流砂体中油气勘探与开发提供了重要地质依据。

陆相湖盆深水浊流与泥质碎屑流间过渡流沉积与沉积学意义

深水浊流与泥质碎屑流间过渡流沉积,对深刻理解细粒沉积物沉积过程及非常规油气勘探意义重大。陆相湖盆发育湍动增强过渡流、下部过渡塞流、上部过渡塞流三种过渡流体类型。湖盆湍动增强过渡流沉积以向上粒度变粗砂质沉积为主,大尺度沙纹层理发育;下部过渡塞流沉积以上下等厚沉积单元为特征,中间多发育薄层状砂质与泥质明暗相间条带;上部过渡塞流沉积整体以泥质沉积为主,下部发育的反序薄层砂质沉积中可发育低幅波纹层理。湖盆过渡流体沉积包含侧向搬运演化与垂向物质分异两种成因类型。前者紧邻相对粗粒砂质沉积,为低密度浊流在演化的晚期由于膨胀减速,演化为湍动增强过渡流或下部过渡塞流沉积,以下部砂质沉积单元厚度大于上部泥质沉积单元厚度为典型特征。后者主要发育于沉积最远端,多为泥质碎屑流搬运晚期底部剪切形成的上部过渡塞流沉积和发生内部碎屑颗粒重排的泥质碎屑流沉积,以下部砂质沉积单元厚度小于上部泥质沉积单元厚度为典型特征。细粒重力流形成的砂泥频繁互层沉积组构受外部因素和内部沉积分异作用综合控制,其沉积过程解释对沉积环境恢复意义重大;湖盆中重力流过渡流体沉积发育区域可能是有机质富集的有利部位,也是潜在的页岩油气甜点发育区。

坡度对浊流流动及沉积影响的三维数值模拟

采用自行开发的首款具有智能网格生成功能的Simusoft软件生成水下直梯形及弯曲梯形渠道三维模型网格,模拟分析坡度对渠道浊流流速、浊流密度、沉积厚度及沉积物粒径分布的影响。结果表明:随坡度增加直梯形和弯曲梯形渠道内的浊流流速均呈非线性变化,垂向断面流速极大值更趋于底床;直梯形渠道内坡折处浊流密度最大,随坡度增大浊流头部密度衰减较快;弯曲梯形渠道内随坡度增大浊流密度增加,且浊流的外溢逐渐增强;多次浊流事件在低坡折渠道中的沉积量由上游往下游逐渐减少,高坡折渠道则为上游侵蚀增强而坡折后的沉积增加。本文研究对根据观测浊积岩特征,推断浊积岩形成环境,进而确定相关的浊流机制以及可能的油藏规模等有一定的参考。

CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLUNGING OF TURBIDITY CURRENTS

Turbidity currents are flows driven by suspended sediment of flood-induced turbid river water with excess density.Such currents are often the governing factor in reservoir sedimentation by transporting fine materials over long distances and delivering the majority of deposition,which thus reduces the storage capacity.Therefore,the design and operation of a reservoir requires an accurate prediction of its occurrence condition and plunging position,which is the objective of the present study.This article presents a verified algebraic slip mixture model including momentum,continuity and algebraic velocity expressions to simulate 2-D turbidity currents.Test experiments in a multiphase flume were carried out.Reynolds number,sediment concentration and densimetric Froude number were used as parameters in the occurrence condition analysis.The plunging of turbidity currents may produce reflux and backflow due to the diving flow at the surface of the clear water.The similar experimental results were also obtained by PIV measurements

水沙自加速异重流水槽试验研究

自加速异重流虽在理论上早已被证明存在,但是现实中受观测条件限制,仅在个别大河入海口被观测到。设置了一个水沙异重流试验水槽,在不同工况下分别塑造了减速异重流和自加速异重流过程,试验结果验证了自加速异重流发生的理论临界条件,系统描述了异重流自加速与减速的演进过程。