Comparison of Mitoxantrone in Combination with Intermediate-dose Cytarabine versus High-dose Cytarabine as Consolidation Therapies for Young Non-APL Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Favorable and Intermediate Cytogenetics

In this study,we compared the efficacy of mitoxantrone in combination with intermediate-dose cytarabine（HAM） with that of high-dose cytarabine alone（Hi DAC） as consolidation regimens in non-acute promyelocytic leukemia（APL） acute myeloid leukemia patients with favorable and intermediate cytogenetics.A total of 62 patients from Shenzhen People＇s Hospital were enrolled in this study.All patients enrolled received standard induction chemotherapy and achieved the first complete remission（CR1）.In these patients,24 received Hi DAC and 38 received HAM as consolidation.The median relapse free survival（RFS） and overall survival（OS） were similar between these two consolidation regimens.Even in subgroup analysis according to risk stratification,the combination regimen conferred no benefit in longterm outcome in patients with favorable or intermediate cytogenetics.However,in patients receiving HAM regimen,the lowest neutrophil count was lower,neutropenic period longer,neutropenic fever rate higher,and more platelet transfusion support was required.HAM group also tended to have higher rate of sepsis than Hi DAC group.According to our results,we suggest that combination treatment with mitoxantrone and intermediate-dose cytarabine has limited value as compared to Hi DAC,even in young non-APL AML patients with favorable and intermediate cytogenetics.

Effects of high-dose glucose-insulin-potassium on acute coronary syndrome patients receiving reperfusion therapy:a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND:This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of high-dose glucose-insulinpotassium(GIK) therapy on clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome(ACS) patients receiving reperfusion therapy.METHODS:We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,MEDLINE,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases from inception to April 26,2022,for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that compared high-dose GIK and placebos in ACS patients receiving reperfusion therapy.The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs).RESULTS:Eleven RCTs with 884 patients were ultimately included.Compared with placebos,high-dose GIK markedly reduced MACEs(risk ratio [RR] 0.57,95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.35 to 0.94,P=0.03) and the risk of heart failure(RR 0.48,95% CI:0.25 to 0.95,P=0.04) and improved the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)(mean difference [MD] 2.12,95% CI:0.40 to 3.92,P=0.02) at 6 months.However,no difference was observed in all-cause mortality at 30 d or 1 year.Additionally,high-dose GIK was significantly associated with increased incidences of phlebitis(RR 4.78,95% CI:1.36 to 16.76,P=0.01),hyperglycemia(RR 9.06,95% CI:1.74 to 47.29,P=0.009) and hypoglycemia(RR 6.50,95% CI:1.28 to 33.01,P=0.02) but not reinfarction,hyperkalemia or secondary reperfusion.In terms of oxidative stress-lowering function,high-dose GIK markedly reduced superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity but not glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) or catalase(CAT) activity.CONCLUSION:Patients with ACS receiving reperfusion therapy exhibited a reduction in MACEs and good oxidative stress-lowering eflcacy in response to high-dose GIK.Moreover,with a higher incidence of complications such as phlebitis,hyperglycemia,and hypoglycemia.Furthermore,there were no observed survival benefits associated with high-dose GIK.More trials with long-term follow-up are still needed.

High-dose vs low-dose proton pump inhibitors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding:A meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)vs low-dose PPIs for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.METHODS:PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Eligible trials were RCTs that compared high-dose PPI with low-dose PPI following endoscopic hemostasis.The primary endpoint was rebleeding;secondary endpoints were patient numbers that needed surgery,and mortality.The meta-analysis was performed with a fixed effects model or random effects model.RESULTS:Nine eligible RCTs including 1342 patients were retrieved.The results showed that high-dose intravenous PPI was not superior to low-dose intra-venous PPI in reducing rebleeding[odds ratio(OR)= 1.091,95%confidential interval(CI):0.777-1.532],need for surgery(OR=1.522,95%CI:0.643-3.605) and mortality(OR=1.022,95%CI:0.476-2.196).Subgroup analysis according to different region revealed no difference in rebleeding rate between Asian patients(OR=0.831,95%CI,0.467-1.480)and European patients(OR=1.263,95%CI:0.827-1.929).CONCLUSION:Low-dose intravenous PPI can achieve the same efficacy as high-dose PPI following endoscopic hemostasis.

Predictors of post-treatment stenosis in cervical esophageal cancer undergoing high-dose radiotherapy

AIM To evaluate toxicity and treatment outcome of highdose radiotherapy(RT) for cervical esophageal cancer(CEC).METHODS We reviewed a total of 62 consecutive patients who received definitive RT for stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ cervical esophageal cancer between 2001 and 2015. Patients who received < 45 Gy, treated for lesions below sternal notch, treated with palliative aim, treated with subsequent surgical resection, or diagnosed with synchronous hypopharyngeal cancer were excluded. Treatment failures were divided into local(occurring within the RT field), outfield-esophageal, and regional [occurring in regional lymph node(s)] failures. Factors predictive of esophageal stenosis requiring endoscopic dilation were analyzed.RESULTS Grade 1, 2, and 3 esophagitis occurred in 19(30.6%), 39(62.9%), and 4 patients(6.5%), respectively, without grade ≥ 4 toxicities. Sixteen patients(25.8%) developed post-RT stenosis, of which 7 cases(43.8%) were malignant. Four patients(6.5%) developed tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF), of which 3(75%) cases were malignant. Factors significantly correlated with post-RT stenosis were stage T3/4(P = 0.001), complete circumference involvement(P < 0.0001), stenosis at diagnosis(P = 0.024), and endoscopic complete response(P = 0.017) in univariate analysis, while complete circumference involvement was significant in multivariate analysis(P = 0.003). A higher dose(≥ 60 Gy) was not associated with occurrence of postRT stenosis or TEF. With a median follow-up of 24.3(range, 3.4-152) mo, the 2 y local control, outfield esophageal control, progression-free survival, and overall survival(OS) rates were 78.9%, 90.2%, 49.6%, and 57.3%, respectively. Factors significantly correlated with OS were complete circumference involvement(P = 0.023), stenosis at diagnosis(P < 0.0001), and occurrence of post-RT stenosis or TEF(P < 0.001) in univariate analysis, while stenosis at diagnosis(P = 0.004) and occurrence of post-RT stenosis or TEF(P = 0.023) were significant in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Chemoradiation for CEC was well tolerated, and a higher dose was not associated with stenosis. Patients with complete circumferential involvement require close follow-up.

Enhanced Response of Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells to Low-dose Cytarabine by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Low-dose cytarabine combined with differentiating or DNA hypomethylating agents,such as vitamin D compounds,is a potential regimen to treat acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients who are unfit for high-intensity chemotherapy.The present study aimed to determine which subset of AML would be most responsive to low-dose cytarabine with the differentiating agent 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-D3).Here,firstly,c Bio Portal database was used and we found out that vitamin D receptor(VDR)was highly expressed in acute monocytic leukemia(M5)and high VDR expression was associated with a poor survival of AML patients.Then,we confirmed that 1,25-D3 at clinical available concentration could induce more significant differentiation in acute monocytic leukemia cell lines(U937,MOLM-13,THP-1)and blasts from M5 patients than in non-monocytic cell lines(KG1 a and K562)and blasts from M2 patient.Finally,it was shown that the combination of 1,25-D3 and low-dose cytarabine further increased the differentiating rate,growth inhibition and G0/G1 arrest,while mild changes were found in the apoptosis in acute monocytic leukemia cell lines.Our study demonstrates that the enhanced response of acute monocytic leukemia cells to low-dose cytarabine by 1,25-D3 might indicate a novel therapeutic direction for patients with acute monocytic leukemia,especially for elderly and frail ones.

The effect of cephalexin in influencing the pharmacokinetics of a novel drug–5’-valyl-cytarabine hydrochloride

The aim of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 5′-valyl-cytarabine hydrochloride(OPC) when co-administered with cephalexin, which are both the substrates of PepT 1.The drugs were administered orally by gavage. Blood samples were collected from the orbital plexus of the rats after oral administration of drug solutions. A new high-performance liquid chromatographic method was validated and used for determination of the two drugs. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.1.1 software with noncompartmental analysis. After oral administration of OPC and co-administration of OPC and cephalexin,there were significant differences in the main pharmacokinetic parameters. The main pharmacokinetic parameters for the OPC group and the co-administrative group were as follows:AUC0-10(18,168.7 ± 2561.4) ng·h/ml and(13,448.5 ± 2544.73) ng·h/ml, AUC0-∞(18,683.1 ± 3066.5)ng·h/ml and(13,721.1 ± 2683.0) ng·h/ml, Cmax(6654.8 ± 481.3) ng/ml and(4765.1 ± 928.9) ng/ml, respectively. The results showed that the bioavailability of OPC could be reduced when co-administered with cephalexin, suggesting that the efficacy of a novel drug might be reduced when it came to combination use of β-lactam antibiotics.

Cytarabine and paclitaxel exhibit different cell-cycle specificities in different cell growing status

Objective： To investigate the cell-cycle specificities of cytarabine and paclitaxel in different growing status of target cell. Methods： Using flow cytometry, we tested the cell-cycle specificities of cytarabine and paclitaxel on acute lymphocyte leukemia cell line Molt-4 in different growing status and on clinical acute lymphocyte leukemia specimens in vitro as well as in leukemia patients in vivo. Results： Cytarabine induced S phase specific cebcyde blockage and apoptosis in exponentially growing Molt-4, but showed G0/G1 phase specificity in high-density cultured Molt-4 and in clinical specimens. Paclitaxel induced G2/M phase specific cell-cycle blockage and apoptosis in exponential Molt-4, but showed G0/G1 phase specificity in high-density cultured Molt-4 and S phase specificity in clinical specimens. In the first day of clinical chemotherapy, cytarabine induced G0/G1 with a little S phase apoptosis in leukemia cells of acute lymphocyte leukemia patient in vivo. Cytarabine plus paclitaxel together had almost the same effect in the second day. Conclusion： The cell-cycle effects of cytarabine and paditaxel were different in different target cell growing status. It should be noted that the in vivo effect of these agents may be different from people usually anticipated during clinical chemotherapy. So the combined chemotherapeutic regimens may need to be redesigned.

High-dose interferon-α2b induction therapy in combination with ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with non-response or relapse after interferon-a monotherapy

AIM： To evaluate the daily high-dose induction therapy with interferon-α2b （IFN-α2b） in combination with ribavirin for the treatment of patients who failed with interferon monotherapy and had a relapse, based on the assumption that the viral burden would decline faster, thus increasing the likelihood of higher response rates in this difficult-totreat patient group. METHODS： Seventy patients were enrolled in this study. Treatment was started with 10 NU IFN-α2b daily for 3 wk, followed by IFN-α2b 5 NU/TIW in combination with ribavirin （1 000-1 200 mg/d） for 21 wk. In case of a negative HCV RNA PCR, treatment was continued until wk 48 （IFN-α2b 3MU/TIW＋1000-1200 mg ribavirin/daily）. RESULTS： The dose of IFN-α2b or ribavirin was reduced in 16% of patients because of hematologic side effects, and treatment was discontinued in 7% of patients. An early viral response （EVR） was achieved in 60% of patients. Fifty percent of all patients achieved an end-oftreatment response （EOT） and d0% obtained a sustained viral response （SVR）. Patients with no response had a significantly lower response rate than those with a former relapse （SVR 30% vs 53%; P=0.049）. Furthermore, lower response rates were observed in patients infected with genotype la/b than in patients with non-1-genotype （SVR 28% vs7d%; P=0.001）. As a significant predictive factor for a sustained response, a rapid initial decline of HCV RNA could be identified. No patient achieving a negative HCV-RNA PCR at wk 18 or later eventually eliminated the virus. CONCLUSION： Daily high-dose induction therapy with interferon-α2b is well tolerated and effective for the treatment of non-responders and relapsers, when interferon monotherapy fails. A fast decline of viral load during the first 12 wk is strongly associated with a sustained viral response.

Dose-individualization Efficiently Maintains Sufficient Exposure to Methotrexate without Additional Toxicity in High-dose Methotrexate Regimens for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Objective:Methotrexate(MTX)can be safely administered to most patients but may cause severe toxicity in others.This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)chemotherapy and to evaluate whether the modified dose-adjustment program was able to improve the maintenance of sufficient MTX exposure levels while minimizing toxicities.Methods:We evaluated 1172 cycles of high-dose MTX chemotherapy from 294 patients who were treated according to the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol(clinical trial number:ChiCTR-IPR-14005706)and analyzed the data of actual MTX dosage,MTX concentration,toxicity,and prognosis.We compared data between the dose-adjustment Program 1(fixed 20%reduction in dose)and the dose-adjustment Program 2(dose-individualization based on reassessment of the creatine clearance rate and the MTX concentration-monitoring point at 16 h),which were applied if the MTX clearance was delayed in the previous cycle.Results:The patients who used Program 2 had higher actual MTX infusion doses and infusion rates and were able to better maintain the MTX concentration at 44 h at the established target value than those on Program 1(P<0.001).No significant differences in toxicities were found between these two programs except that abnormal serum potassium levels and prolonged myelosuppression in intermediate-risk/high-risk patients were more frequently observed in patients using Program 2(P<0.001).No significant correlations were observed between the MTX dose,dose-adjustment programs,or MTX concentrations and relapse-free survival.Conclusion:Adjusting the MTX dose using Program 2 is more efficient for maintaining sufficient MTX exposure without significantly increasing the toxicity.

Analyses of therapeutic effects using rludarabine and cytarabine on acute myeloid leukemia at different stages during treatment

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the fludarabine and cytarabine (FA) regimen on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at different phases during treatment. Methods: A total of 185 patients with AML were divided into 4 groups based on the outcome of previous treatments. Patients in Group 1 had no remission after the first course of induction chemotherapy (n = 55). Patients in Group 2 had no remission after no less than two courses of induction chemotherapy (n = 41). Patients in Group 3 had early relapse (n = 40). Patients in Group 4 had late relapse (n = 49). Patients in groups 2, 3 and 4 had refractory AML or AML with relapse. We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of FA combination chemotherapy in each of these 4 groups. Results: The complete remission (CR) rates of Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 74.5% (41/55), 45.9% (19/41), 17.5% (7/40) and 38.8% (19/49), respectively. The CR rate was higher in Group 1 than in the other 3 groups (34.6%, 45/130) (P = 0.000). A significant correlation was found between CR rate and the number of chemotherapeutic courses (P = 0.023). The main adverse reactions included bone marrow suppression and secondary infection. Conclusion: FA regimen is a good choice for patients with AML, especially those who have failed to achieve CR after the first course of induction chemotherapy.

The Experience of Pain and Anxiety in Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Multiple Fraction High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy: A Prospective Observational Study

Purpose: To evaluate the anxiety and pain levels of cervical cancer patients undergoing intracavitary multifraction high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, as part of a process to develop guidelines for quality patient-centered care. Methods: Cervical cancer patients (n = 31) undergoingmultiple fraction HDR brachytherapy treatment at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat (Morocco) completed ratings of pain and anxiety intensity using 11-point verbal analog scales, at 6 key time points over 2 brachytherapy insertion procedures and 4 brachytherapy fractions. Women were evaluated for psychological status at baseline before starting the brachytherapy process using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scores were grouped as follows: 0 - 7 = normal, 8 - 10 = borderline, 11 - 21 = abnormal. Factors that could affect anxiety levels such as education level, relationship status, number of pregnancies and prior surgical history were documented. Results: Between July and August 2020, 31 women with a median age of 49.6 years were evaluated (range: 27 - 70). The HADS score identified depression in 5 patients (16.1%) and anxiety in 12 patients (38.7%). Throughout both treatment procedures, anticipatory anxiety was reported, with a maximum intensity in the operating room during spinal anesthesia (3.23 ± 1.7) and during applicator insertion (2.97 ± 2.4). Moderate-to-severe anxiety scores were reported in 25.8% and 22.6% of patients respectively. Level of education showed a significant correlation with anxiety scores (p = 0.027). Pain increased significantly during the procedure (p ± 1.4) and applicator removal (4.74 ± 1.5) turned out to be the most painful parts of the procedure. No correlation was found between pain and anxiety levels. Conclusion: Intracavitary multifraction high-dose rate brachytherapy is associated with mild to moderate levels of pain and anxiety, although a subset of patients reported more severe symptoms and may require additional medical and psychological support, with particular emphasis on bed-rest duration and applicator removal. The development of effective interventions (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) is needed to improve women’s experiences of brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.

Very-high-dose olanzapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia has an extremely negative impact on mental health and social life. If clozapine, the gold standard treatment, fails, there are very few options left. The literature suggests that high-dose olanzapine (20 - 60 mg/day) is a possible alternative. We report two cases in which very high doses of olanzapine were administered, with significant clinical improvements above 60 mg/day. Clinical, metabolic and cardiac tolerance was good. This report highlights the usefulness of very-high-dose olanzapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The main hypotheses concerning the psychopharmacological mechanisms of very-high-dose olanzapine are discussed.

Comparison of High-Dose Dexamethasone and Prednisone for Initial Treatment of Adult Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

Prednisone is the most common first-line treatment for adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, the best initial therapeutic approach is still a matter of debate. Prior studies have shown that high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) produces a high sustained efficacy not achieved by conventional prednisone therapy. However, the definition of response widely differs between individual reports, and this heterogeneity makes comparison of the efficacy difficult. The aim of our study was to compare the therapeutic outcomes of a conventional dose of prednisone with HD-DXM for adult ITP patients as initial therapy. Thirty patients treated with prednisone and 22 patients treated HD-DXM were retrospectively analyzed. No significant differences between the HD-DXM and prednisone groups were observed for the rates of complete response (68% vs. 70%) and response (18% vs. 17%). However, 1 year probability of sustained response was significantly greater in the HD-DXM group than in the prednisone group (78% vs. 38%;P = 0.008). No adverse events necessitating discontinuation of treatment were observed in either group. Our retrospective analysis showed that initial treatment with HD-DXM produced longer response duration compared to a conventional dose of prednisone. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to establish the optimal initial steroid therapy for adult ITP.

A New Variant of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema from Long-Term High-Dose of Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Case Report

Recent studies have described the combination of both pulmonary emphysema and idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILDs) by means of high-resolution computed axial tomography (HRCT). Definition of this syndrome was first named by Cottin as combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Functional and radiological findings have showed that these patients are suffering from severe breathlessness, but whose pulmonary functional tests revealed no signs of obstruction, normal static lung volumes, and depressed DLco, most with a history of smoking [1] [2]. The radiological and endoscopic studies especially show that these patients have both areas of upper-lobe predominant emphysema and lesions compatible with fibrosis in both lung bases [3]. No prior research has reported any cases of such condition in person with no prior history of smoking as well as long-term high-dose of glucocorticoid therapy. In this case report, we discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 53-year-old non-smoker with increasing shortness of breath with a long-term high-dose of glucocorticoid therapy discovered to have an abnormal variant or presentation of CPFE. The cause of disease was attributed to a certain history of smoking in most studies;other potential risk factors have yet to be properly analyzed. This clinical report features a special case about the problem and solution surrounding this issue.

Pembrolizumab-induced Guillain-Barrésyndrome in triple-negative breast cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND The programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor pembrolizumab has become a key treatment for various cancers,including triple-negative breast cancer.However,it is associated with immune-related adverse events,including rare but serious neurological complications such as Guillain-Barrésyndrome(GBS).GBS is a potentially life-threatening autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness and paralysis.We present a unique case of pembrolizumab-induced GBS to highlight the importance of recognizing this complication and managing it promptly in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension,anxiety,depression,and stage IIIB triple-negative breast cancer treated with pembrolizumab,carboplatin,and paclitaxel,presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of tingling,lower extremity weakness,and shooting pain.Symptoms progressed to global weakness,ascending paralysis,and double vision.Neurological examination revealed significant lower extremity weakness and sensory deficits.Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine and cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed GBS.Initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin led to relapse,requiring additional intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose glucocorticoids.The patient’s condition improved,pembrolizumab therapy was permanently discontinued,and she was discharged to a rehabilitation facility.CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab can induce GBS,necessitating early recognition,prompt diagnosis,and multidisciplinary management to prevent serious complications.

克拉屈滨联合阿糖胞苷治疗儿童难治复发性朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症疗效分析

目的分析克拉屈滨(2-CDA)联合阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)治疗儿童难治复发性朗格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的疗效以及毒副作用。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2022年10月期间于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院血液病中心确诊的难治复发性LCH患儿,均采用2-CDA联合Ara-C方案化疗。结果患儿共94例,男64例,女30例,中位年龄5.38(0.45-13.61)岁。多系统受累组共78例(82.9%),危险器官受累组共32例(34.0%)。初诊时61例检测了血浆BRAF^(V600E),阳性率49.18%,47例检测了组织BRAF^(V600E),阳性率78.72%。总体治疗反应率为85.1%,44.4%尿崩症好转,3年EFS为(76.7±3.4)%,2年累积进展或复发率为20.2%。骨髓抑制及消化道反应为最常见的不良反应(100%),无化疗相关死亡。发病年龄小(中位年龄<1.63岁)、加用二线药物时年龄偏小(中位年龄<1.82岁)、多系统受累、危险器官受累及BRAF^(V600E)突变的患儿更易出现复发和疾病进展(P=0.016,0.001,0.043和<0.001)。结论2-CDA联合Ara-C可作为难治复发性LCH的挽救二线方案,对LCH垂体受累改善显著。副作用主要是骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应,总体耐受程度好,安全性高,无化疗相关死亡。但远期复发率及缓解率尚需随访观察。

超低剂量地西他滨联合GHA预激治疗复发难治性急性髓系白血病疗效研究

目的探讨超低剂量地西他滨联合高三尖杉酯碱(HHT)、阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)和粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)的GHA预激方案治疗复发难治性急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床疗效及其安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年8月在我院接受2个疗程超低剂量地西他滨联合GHA预激方案(具体为:地西他滨10 mg/d,静脉滴注,第1~5天;HHT 1 mg/d,静脉滴注,第1~14天;Ara-c 10 mg,q 12 h,皮下注射,第1~14天;G-CSF 300μg,皮下注射,第0~14天)治疗的28例复发难治性AML患者的临床资料,评价治疗效果及不良反应。结果2疗程后共有17例患者获得完全缓解(CR)(60.7%),6例获得部分缓解(PR)(21.4%),总有效率(ORR)82.1%。26例(92.9%)患者发生IV级骨髓抑制,中性粒细胞缺乏的比例为85.7%(24例),平均持续时间7 d(3~14 d);血小板<20×10^(9)/L的比例为89.3%(25例),平均持续时间8 d(5~17 d)。非血液系统不良反应轻微,无早期死亡发生。结论超低剂量地西他滨联合GHA预激方案治疗复发难治性AML缓解率高,耐受性好,可在临床推广应用。

维奈克拉方案治疗复发/难治性急性髓系白血病的临床研究

目的:评价维奈克拉(venetoclax,VEN)快速剂量递增、最长治疗时间为14天,联合低剂量阿糖胞苷(low-dose cytarabine,LDAC)方案挽救治疗复发/难治性急性髓系白血病(relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia,R/RAML)的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2018年10月至2023年11月于江苏大学附属医院接受VEN+LDAC方案挽救治疗的16例R/R AML患者,所有患者既往均未接受过含VEN方案治疗。该方案VEN的剂量第1天为200 mg,其后均为400 mg固定剂量;LDAC 20 mg/m^(2)/d皮下注射。患者在治疗第8天复查骨髓,根据骨髓增生情况决定总疗程为10天还是14天。所有患者均不给予VEN单药治疗。有治疗反应的患者采用相同方案维持直到疾病进展或移植。结果:本研究纳入的R/R AML患者,中位随诊时间为27.5个月。治疗期间未发生有临床表现的肿瘤溶解综合症(tumor lysis syndrome,TLS)。治疗后总反应率(overall response rate,ORR)为68.75%,其中4例达完全缓解(complete response,CR),1例达血液学未恢复的完全缓解(CR with incomplete hematologic recovery,CRi),6例达部分缓解(partial response,PR)。达最佳疗效的治疗周期中位数为1个周期。中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)为5.8(0.5~47.2)个月,中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)为22.2(7.3~42.9)个月。发生的不良反应主要为3~4级的血液学不良事件和感染。结论:本研究根据治疗第8天骨髓复查结果调整用药天数的VEN+LDAC方案,对于既往没有接受过含VEN方案治疗的R/R AML患者有较好的安全性和有效率。即使14天的VEN+LDAC治疗也是安全的。

维奈克拉联合高三尖杉酯碱和阿糖胞苷治疗急性髓系白血病的临床观察

目的观察维奈克拉联合高三尖杉酯碱和阿糖胞苷治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)的近期疗效和安全性。方法回顾性收集2022年10月至2023年11月我院收治的40例初诊AML患者资料,根据治疗方案分为观察组和对照组,每组20例。对照组患者给予注射用盐酸柔红霉素+注射用阿糖胞苷,观察组患者给予维奈克拉片+高三尖杉酯碱注射液+注射用阿糖胞苷。两组患者均以28 d为1个周期,诱导化疗1个周期后评价近期疗效、微小残留病(MRD)阴性率、粒细胞缺乏持续时间、血小板计数(PLT)<20×10^(9) L^(-1)持续时间、悬浮红细胞输注量及血小板输注量,以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者的完全缓解或完全缓解伴血液学不完全恢复(CR/CRi)率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且在CR/CRi患者中,观察组患者的MRD阴性率也显著高于对照组(P<0.05);但在低、中、高危患者中,两组患者的CR/CRi率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者的粒细胞缺乏持续时间、PLT<20×10^(9) L^(-1)持续时间、悬浮红细胞输注量、血小板输注量、血液学毒性反应发生率及非血液学毒性反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论维奈克拉联合高三尖杉酯碱和阿糖胞苷治疗AML的近期疗效和安全性较均好。

长链非编码RNA LINC00987通过细胞色素P450途径促进AML细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA LINC00987在抗肿瘤药物诱导的急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)细胞凋亡中的作用及分子机制。方法:通过RT-qPCR检测AML中的LINC00987表达水平。构建稳定敲减LINC00987基因的Molm13细胞(shLINC00987),通过Annexin V/PI检测LINC00987低表达对阿糖胞苷诱导AML细胞凋亡的影响。对LINC00987共表达基因进行信号通路富集,分析LINC00987的表达对细胞色素家族基因的影响。结果:与健康对照组相比,lncRNA LINC00987在AML细胞系和AML病人标本中均显著降低,而在抗AML治疗后缓解组中高表达;此外,低表达LINC00987与AML患者预后不良有关。抗肿瘤药物阿糖胞苷、阿霉素、三氧化二砷和维奈托克可显著诱导AML细胞系Molm13和MV411的LINC00987表达。下调LINC00987的表达可抑制阿糖胞苷诱导的Molm13细胞凋亡。进一步研究发现,LINC00987共表达基因可富集于细胞色素P450(cytochrome,P450,CYP450)介导的氧化应激通路/网络,且LINC00987的表达与CYP450家族基因CYP11B1、CYP2U1和CYP2C9的表达水平呈正相关。下调LINC00987的表达则可抑制阿糖胞苷诱导的CYP11B1、CYP2U1和CYP2C9的mRNA表达。结论:LINC00987可以作为AML的预后标志物,其可能通过CYP450介导的氧化应激途径促进阿糖胞苷诱导的AML细胞凋亡。