A novel variable polarity welding power based on high-frequency pulse modulation

A new type of variable polarity welding power modulated with high-frequency pulse current is developed. Series of high-frequency pulse current is superimposed on direct-current-electrode-negative （DCEN）, which can improve the crystallization process in the weld bead as a result of the electromagnetic force generated by pulse current. Digital signal processor （DSP） is used to realize the closed-loop control of the first inverter, variable polarity output of the second inverter and high-frequency pulse current superposition.

Investigations of high-frequency induction hardening process for piston rod of shock absorber

The microhardness of piston rods treated with different induction hardening processes was tested. The experimental results reveal that the depth of the hardened zone is proportional to the ratio of the moving speed of the piston rod to the output power of the induction generator. This result is proved correct through the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of the thermal field of induction heating. From tensile and impact tests, an optimized high frequency induction hardening process for piston rods has been obtained, where the output power was 82%×80 kW and the moving speed of workpiece was 5364 mm/min. The piston rods, treated by the optimized high frequency induction hardening process, show the best comprehensive mechanical performance.

Effects of induction heating on properties of X80 longitudinal submerged-arc welding line pipe

The local induction heating process and the whole induction heating process were adopted to develop the X80 Ф1219 mm × 22 mm induction bends in this paper. After the tempering of the bends, the effect of induction heating on the properties of X80 longitudinal submerged-arc welding line pipe was studied. The results show that for the X80 bend manufactured via the local induction heating, both the tensile strength and yield ratio of unquenehed straight tangents are higher than those of the quenched bend area. The toughness of straight tangents is lower than that of the bend area. The strength and toughness of straight tangents do not match pegrectly that of the bend area. The induction heating can improve effectively the toughness of weld pipe, reduce the tensile strength and yield ratio to some extent. The whole induction heating makes the match of properties between the straight tangents and the bend area reasonable, thus it is an optimum process for the manufacturing of X80 induction bend.

Automatic girth welding and performance evaluation of the joints of hot-induction-bend and line pipes with different wall thickness

During the process of laying long-distance oil and gas transmission pipelines, the hot-induction-bend method is extensively used when the direction has to be changed. By considering the pipeline＇ s ongoing processing and loading states during service, the pipeline that is generally used exhibits thicker walls than those that are observed in the line pipe. As such, during pipeline construction, hot-induction-bend and line pipes with different wall thickness are girth-welded. The chemical composition of hot-induction-bend and line pipes differs, with the carbon content being particularly higher in the hot-induction-bend pipe;it also depicts a higher carbon equivalent, which makes it possible to modify the girth of the pipe. In this study, using Baosteel＇ s standard X70M UOE hot- induction-bend and line pipes, solid-wire automatic gas-metal-arc girth welding was performed and the performance of the girth-welded joint was evaluated. Furthermore,the weldability of the pipeline girth and the microstructure of the girth-welded joint were analyzed. The results reveal that Baosteel＇ s standard UOE hot-induction-bend and line pipes exhibit good girth weldability, and their technical quality can be guaranteed in case of consumer field- construction applications.

Investigation on the communication network of long wire transmitting in remote welding

According to the characteristics of remote welding, including multiple parameters, real-time, and reliability of long wire transmitting, a distributing computer control scheme is adopted. A serial communication network between the master and the slavery computers is constructed. A synchro-control network among slavery computers is designed. Uniform message format and communication protocols are made. Considering intensive high-frequency noises at the welding zone, a quadruple check mode, including data sum check, parameter type check, welding parameters check and Exclusive OR （ XOR ） check, is adopted to assure the reliability of communication among multiple computers. Based on disturbing circuit, common circuit and sensitive circuit, the measures are brought forward to ensure the stabilization of communication network of remote arc welding by analyzing the wiring principle of anti-high-frequency interference of system bus, signal wires and shielding twisted-pair（STP） wires. The results provide the theoretical and practical references for the manufacture of remote welding robot and the quality of remote welding.

Local High-Frequency Heating in Electronics Technology

Modeling and investigation of HF electromagnetic heating in induction devices with unclosed magnetic circuit has allowed to optimize heating speed in local zones of formation of soldering connections and to improve their quality due to joint action of superficial effects and electromagnetic forces.For all magnetic materials is nonlinear decrease in heating power depending on frequency of HF.Installed the optimal parameters of HF heating for soldering electronics modules by inductor with open-ended magnetic conductor.

Residual stresses of polycrystalline CBN abrasive grits brazed with a high-frequency induction heating technique

Residual stresses produced in polycrystalline CBN abrasive grits during a high-frequency induction brazing process are calculated by using ?nite element analysis, with a consideration of the nonuniform temperature distribution in the induction brazing model. The in?uences of induction brazing parameters on the residual stresses of polycrystalline CBN abrasive grits have been analyzed, including the embedding depth, grit side length, etc. Results obtained show that the tensile stress with a 40% embedding depth is 292 MPa, which is the minimum on the bonding interface compared with other embedding depths. Meanwhile, the maximum tensile stress is 575 MPa, with an increase of 59% compared with that of a grit side length of 50 mm. Finally, the simulation results of the brazing residual stress of polycrystalline CBN abrasive grits have been con?rmed valid based on the residual stress measurement of the brazed monocrystalline CBN grit.

Physics Informed Neural Network-based High-frequency Modeling of Induction Motors

The high-frequency(HF)modeling of induction motors plays a key role in predicting the motor terminal overvoltage and conducted emissions in a motor drive system.In this study,a physics informed neural network-based HF modeling method,which has the merits of high accuracy,good versatility,and simple parameterization,is proposed.The proposed model of the induction motor consists of a three-phase equivalent circuit with eighteen circuit elements per phase to ensure model accuracy.The per phase circuit structure is symmetric concerning its phase-start and phase-end points.This symmetry enables the proposed model to be applicable for both star-and delta-connected induction motors without having to recalculate the circuit element values when changing the motor connection from star to delta and vice versa.Motor physics knowledge,namely per-phase impedances,are used in the artificial neural network to obtain the values of the circuit elements.The parameterization can be easily implemented within a few minutes using a common personal computer(PC).Case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed HF modeling method.

High-Frequency Induction Heating of Needle-Shaped Mg-Ferrite for Ablation Therapy of Human Cancer

For application as a novel ablation therapy of human cancer,the heating property of a needle-shaped Mg-ferrite prepared by a sintering technique was studied in a high-frequency induction field at 370 kHz.When inserted into cylindrical clay,the increase in temperature(Δ7)was 31.2℃ for the specimen with a 1.5 mm diameter,while the 1.0mm diameter specimen exhibited a ΔT value of 15.7℃ after the induction time of 1200s.The ΔT exhibited a high value of 57.9℃ during the simultaneous insertion of 3 1.5mm diameter specimens.In the computer simulation images, the relatively lower magnetic flux density and concurrent neghgibly low current density were observed from the surface to the internal regions,being different from the behavior of a ferromagnetic Ni-rod with the same size.

Compressive Strength and Interface Microstructure of PCBN Grains Brazed with High-Frequency Induction Heating Method

In order to prepare monolayer brazed superabrasive wheels, the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride（PCBN）grains were brazed to AISI 1045 steel matrix with Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy using the high-frequency induction heating technique. The compressive strengths of brazed grains were measured. Morphology, chemical composition and phase component of the brazing resultant around PCBN grain were also characterized. The results show that the maximum compressive strength of brazed grains is obtained in the case of brazing temperature of 965 °C, which does not decrease the original grain strength. Strong joining between Ag–Cu–Ti alloy and PCBN grains is dependent on the brazing resultants,such as TiB_2, TiN and AlTi_3, the formation mechanism of which is also discussed. Under the given experimental conditions, the optimum heating parameters were determined to be current magnitude of 24 A and scanning speed of0.5 mm/s. Finally, the brazing-induced residual tensile stress, which has a great influence on the grain fracture behavior in grinding, was determined through finite element analysis.

高参数垃圾电站锅炉防腐涂层体系的设计策略与评价

随着国家“双碳”战略目标的提出,垃圾发电成为城市垃圾处理的主流方式。针对高参数垃圾电站锅炉管道腐蚀减薄到一定程度时,造成泄漏甚至爆管的严重安全问题,本文在简介了高参数对锅炉腐蚀影响规律的基础上,评述了高参数条件下管道的基材特性及主流涂层防护技术,重点论述了Inconel堆焊、感应熔焊、HVOF等技术及性能。因为涂层系统设计主要是对管道基体和涂层材料与工艺进行选配,同时匹配参数也是对涂层系统的主要评价指标,所以本文对热膨胀系数、导热系数、结合强度、孔隙率、服役寿命以及经济性等参数进行了系统评价,并阐述了涂层结构设计策略,包括防腐涂层的厚度设计、涂层结构设计、涂层材料组分设计等内容。根据涂层防护技术现存的主要问题,提出粉末合成设计-涂层结构设计-服役性能评价一体化研究的重要性;针对目前主要的材料体系设计比较集中于高Cr含量的FeCr系和NiCr系合金的现状,指出应开发以NiCr基辅以W、Mo等元素涂层材料,使其兼具优异的耐腐蚀和抗磨损的综合性能。最后对涂层防护技术的发展前景进行展望。

热处理对薄壁TA1焊管高频感应焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响

首先对壁厚0.4 mm的薄壁TA1焊管进行高频感应焊接,随后,在不同温度下对焊接接头进行5 min的热处理。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了热处理前后焊接接头的显微组织,并对焊接接头的力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:热处理使TA1焊管焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能发生显著变化,当热处理温度为600℃时,焊接接头发生了完全再结晶,晶粒细小,抗拉强度略有下降,塑性增强,拉伸断口呈典型的韧性断裂特征,这主要是针状马氏体消失和细晶强化所致。

高频感应焊接黄铜管在海水中的腐蚀机理分析

对高频感应焊接H65黄铜管进行海水浸泡实验,测量了不同浸泡时间后黄铜焊管的质量变化率,利用体式显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对焊缝浸泡腐蚀后的微观形貌和元素分布进行分析,利用电化学工作站对焊接接头进行电化学性能测试。结果表明:随着浸泡时间的延长,含有焊缝试样与母材的质量变化率之差逐渐增大;腐蚀产物主要有CuO、Cu(OH)_(2)、Cu_(2)O、CuCl、ZnO和Zn(OH)_(2)等,H65黄铜在海水中的腐蚀机理为“溶解-再沉积”机制;电化学腐蚀的结果表明,焊接接头的耐蚀性低于母材,这是由于焊缝晶粒产生了严重的塑性变形,导致焊接接头的位错密度和内应力大,能量较高。

超薄壁黄铜散热器扁管高频感应焊接接头的组织和性能

采用高频感应焊接技术对0.13 mm壁厚的H65黄铜扁管进行焊接,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、电子背散射衍射、显微硬度仪以及拉伸实验对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:高频感应焊接H65黄铜扁管的焊接接头无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,焊缝区没有出现Zn的大量蒸发。焊接接头的抗拉强度达到400 MPa,达到母材的94%,伸长率为33.89%,与母材接近;焊接接头的显微硬度呈W型分布,熔合区最高,母材区次之,热影响区最小。焊接过程的挤压作用导致焊缝位错密度增加,产生加工硬化,是影响焊接接头硬度分布的主要原因;与母材相比,焊接接头的显微组织得到明显的细化,平均晶粒尺寸为1μm,是母材的50%,小角度晶界增加到了72%,大角度晶界下降到了28%,其中孪晶界下降到2%,进一步提高了焊接接头的力学性能。

大口径焊管中频感应加热设备数据采集系统的开发

随着用户及企业本身对产品质量的追求,其对产品过程控制越发关注,从而对设备控制参数提出了更高的要求。基于宝钢大口径焊管防腐涂层产线,介绍目前中频感应加热设备的现状和存在的问题,提出了对中频电源控制柜进行局部改造。对直流电流、直流电压、中频功率、加热温度等参数和管端信号进行采集,并采用LabVIEW软件开发一套数据采集处理系统,可根据用户需求进行数据处理,提供便捷的数据处理功能,已应用于涂层线中频电源设备的自动控制、生产管理及数字化交付等方面,效果良好。

TA1高频感应焊接头和基体在NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

高频感应焊TA1薄壁管的焊接接头和基体在微观结构方面存在差异,电化学腐蚀行为往往是不同的。采用动电位极化技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS),分析了TA1基体和焊接接头在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。实验结果表明,随着氯离子浓度的增加,TA1基体和焊接接头的腐蚀电位呈负偏移,极化电阻逐渐减小,腐蚀速率增大。相比基体,焊接接头的腐蚀电位更高、极化电阻更大、腐蚀速率更低,表明耐腐蚀性能更好。实验可为高频感应焊TA1薄壁管在海水环境中的实际应用提供一定的理论依据。

钢轨焊接接头感应加热电源三维数学模型及其控制策略研究

钢轨焊接接头必须进行焊后正火处理以提高接头性能,感应加热正火方式相对于火焰加热正火方式具有自动化程度高、正火质量稳定、作业环境好等优势,在钢轨现场焊接接头正火中越来越得到认可。重点研究了钢轨焊接接头感应加热电源的交流侧调功的PFM、PWM、PFM&PWM三种控制方法,通过建立三种控制方法的数学模型和MATLAB三维可视化分析,发现PFM&PWM控制方法在功率开关器件的开关损耗和功率调整过程中频率变化方面具有优势。基于此,提出了基于PFM&PWM控制方法的钢轨焊接接头感应加热电源的控制策略,并结合数学模型说明了其控制轨迹,同时,设计了基于TMS320F28335 DSP芯片的软硬件,实现了该控制策略的控制波形。为钢轨焊接接头感应加热电源的优化控制提供了理论支持,有助于提高钢轨焊接接头的性能和稳定性。

焊接参数对YG16硬质合金/35CrMo钢异质金属焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用BAg50CuZnCd银基钎料作为填充金属,对YG16硬质合金与35CrMo钢进行了高频感应钎焊连接,并分析了焊接温度、加热速度、保温电流和保温时间共16种工艺参数组合对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:典型接头硬质合金侧界面基本保持原始的硬质合金组织结构,主要是由WC颗粒及Co(s,s)组成,焊缝主要是由Ag(s,s)和Cu(s,s)的共晶组织组成。焊接温度对接头显微组织的影响最为显著。随着焊接温度的升高,焊缝截面的微观组织中亮色Ag基固溶体所占比例越来越小,而灰色片状Cu基固溶体所占比例越来越大。焊接温度和保温时间对接头的剪切强度影响较大,加热速度和保温电流对接头的剪切强度影响不大。接头的剪切强度随着Cu基固溶体含量的增加而升高。由于Cu基固溶体的硬度较高,其含量增加到一定程度时,接头的脆性增大,剪切强度开始降低。所有接头焊缝处的显微硬度值均稳定在210 HV左右,当焊接温度、加热速度、保温电流、保温时间增大时,焊缝中的Cu(s,s)的含量增加,焊缝的硬度值也随之增加。最优参数组合为焊接温度700℃,加热速度20℃/s,保温电流300 A,保温时间20 s,此时接头的强度达到最大值。

航空复材电磁感应焊接过程及焊接强度

基于电-磁-热多场联合仿真方法建立电磁感应焊接数值模型,模拟电磁感应焊接过程;通过Cohesive单元及二次名义应变失效准则,分析碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer,CFRP)层合板电磁感应焊接强度;研究CFRP层合板搭接长度及聚醚醚酮(PEEK)胶粘层厚度对焊接强度的影响,并通过单搭接试验验证计算结果。结果表明,在搭接长度为12.5 mm,厚度为0.5 mm的条件下,感应焊接层合板温度最高为385.7℃,试验结果为372.5℃,数值结果与试验结果的误差为3.5%;在拉伸过程,焊接接头端部首先发生破坏,接头拉伸破坏为纤维抽离破坏、剥离破坏及基体内聚破坏共同作用产生;CFRP层合板的焊接强度与层合板搭接长度没有明显的相关性;PEEK胶粘层断裂类型为张开型与滑移型混合破坏,PEEK胶粘层厚取值为1 mm时,抗剪强度计算结果为5.97 MPa。

基于温度场仿真的塑料感应焊接工艺参数优化

特种热塑性工程塑料的应用对高端制造领域的轻量化、高性能化和环保化起着极其重要的作用。为了研究塑料与金属的感应焊接过程,更好地理解该过程中不同工艺参数对焊接金属表面温度的影响,并探索最适合的塑料感应焊接工艺参数,利用有限元仿真软件ANSYS Maxwell进行电磁场模拟,采用中心复合设计方法完成塑料感应焊接工艺参数方案设计,再通过该有限元仿真软件求解出相应的金属表面温度。基于多元非线性理论,建立了电流强度、电流频率、焊接间隙与金属表面平均温度之间的多元非线性回归模型。采用逐步回归的迭代策略,分析了各工艺参数以及各工艺参数交互作用对金属表面平均温度的影响程度。结果表明:二次拟合模型具有最佳的拟合度,决定系数R^(2)=0.956;电流强度是对金属表面平均温度影响最大的主效应,电流强度与焊接间隙的交互作用是影响金属表面平均温度的主要交互效应;基于该二次拟合模型,在该有限元仿真软件上进行了工艺参数优化并预测了多组最佳工艺参数组合,其仿真试验结果与回归分析结果误差在7%以内,说明该二次拟合模型预测结果准确可靠。相关理论和方法可为塑料在汽车、船舶、航空、航天等高端制造领域的应用提供参考。