Introduction: In India, 57% of patients with head and neck cancers are documented with nutritional compromise. Active nutritional support has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment in severely...Introduction: In India, 57% of patients with head and neck cancers are documented with nutritional compromise. Active nutritional support has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment in severely malnourished patients. The assessment of nutritional status should be a priority when initiating medical nutrition therapy. We evaluated the agreement between Subjective and Objective evaluation of pre-operative nutrition status of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary cancer centre. Methods: Two hundred and thirty seven head and neck cancer patients who underwent surgery were eligible. The patients included both males (147) and females (90) with age varying between 23 - 88 years. All patients were screened for pre-operative nutrition status objectively as well as subjectively. The association of pre-operative SGA scores (A, B and C) subjectively, and PNS score (0, 1, 2) objectively were tested for statistical significance. Results: The cancer sites included tongue in 82, buccal mucosa in 30, thyroid in 28, alveolus in 18, glottis in 10, RMT in 10, nasal cavity in 9, FOM in 8. The pre-operative nutrition status based on subjective scores are A in 156 (65.8%), B in 75 (32%) and C in 6 (2.5%). The objective parameters obtained on the basis of BMI, % weight loss, PNI and S. albumin values are PNS 0 in 161 (67.9%), PNS 1 in 71 (30%) and PNS 2 in 5 (2.1%) patients. As the kappa coefficient p-0.56, there is moderate agreement between the pre-operative nutrition status subjectively as well as objectively. Conclusion: Subjective global assessment is a simple and inexpensive way to screen the pre-operative nutrition status when compared to the other objective assessment tool. SGA has moderate agreement with expensive and complicated objective assessment tools. So it can be a reliable tool for assessing the pre-operative nutrition status.展开更多
自然语言生成(Natural Language Generation,NLG)任务是自然语言处理(Natural Languge Processing,NLP)任务中的一个子类,并且是一项具有挑战性的任务。随着深度学习在自然语言处理中的大量应用,其已经变成自然语言生成中处理各种任务...自然语言生成(Natural Language Generation,NLG)任务是自然语言处理(Natural Languge Processing,NLP)任务中的一个子类,并且是一项具有挑战性的任务。随着深度学习在自然语言处理中的大量应用,其已经变成自然语言生成中处理各种任务的主要方法。自然语言生成任务中主要有问答任务、生成摘要任务、生成评论任务、机器翻译任务、生成式对话任务等。传统的生成模型依赖输入文本,基于有限的知识生成文本。为解决这个问题,引入了知识增强的方法。首先介绍了自然语言生成的研究背景和重要模型,然后针对自然语言处理归纳介绍了提高模型性能的方法,以及基于内部知识(如提取关键词增强生成、围绕主题词等)和外部知识(如借助外部知识图谱增强生成)集成到文本生成过程中的方法和架构。最后,通过分析生成任务面临的一些问题,讨论了未来的挑战和研究方向。展开更多
When conducting a literature review,medical authors typically search for relevant keywords in bibliographic databases or on search engines like Google.After selecting the most pertinent article based on the title’s r...When conducting a literature review,medical authors typically search for relevant keywords in bibliographic databases or on search engines like Google.After selecting the most pertinent article based on the title’s relevance and the abstract’s content,they download or purchase the article and cite it in their manuscript.Three major elements influence whether an article will be cited in future manuscripts:the keywords,the title,and the abstract.This indicates that these elements are the“key dissemination tools”for research papers.If these three elements are not determined judiciously by authors,it may adversely affect the manuscript’s retrievability,readability,and citation index,which can negatively impact both the author and the journal.In this article,we share our informed perspective on writing strategies to enhance the searchability and citation of medical articles.These strategies are adopted from the principles of search engine optimization,but they do not aim to cheat or manipulate the search engine.Instead,they adopt a reader-centric content writing methodology that targets well-researched keywords to the readers who are searching for them.Reputable journals,such as Nature and the British Medical Journal,emphasize“online searchability”in their author guidelines.We hope that this article will encourage medical authors to approach manuscript drafting from the perspective of“looking inside-out.”In other words,they should not only draft manuscripts around what they want to convey to fellow researchers but also integrate what the readers want to discover.It is a call-to-action to better understand and engage search engine algorithms,so they yield information in a desired and self-learning manner because the“Cloud”is the new stakeholder.展开更多
目的探讨暂时性金属内支架扩张术在贲门失弛缓介入治疗中应用及其中远期疗效随访。方法 20例贲门失弛缓患者,在 X 线引导下置入国产带膜支架,术后3d～7d,由内镜取出,20例贲门失弛缓患者安放暂时性金属内支架20只(其中20mm 直径支架12只;...目的探讨暂时性金属内支架扩张术在贲门失弛缓介入治疗中应用及其中远期疗效随访。方法 20例贲门失弛缓患者,在 X 线引导下置入国产带膜支架,术后3d～7d,由内镜取出,20例贲门失弛缓患者安放暂时性金属内支架20只(其中20mm 直径支架12只;25mm 直径支架8只),治疗前所有患者均有不同程度的吞咽困难,并给予食管下段括约肌(LES)静息压力测定。结果 20例患者支架置入和支架取出成功率均为100%,操作死亡率为0%,支架置入后吞咽困难明显好转,吞咽困难评分0级;贲门管腔直径20 mm 和25mm,平均(22±3)mm,暂时性支架扩张术后,贲门狭窄直径明显高于治疗前、吞咽困难评分明显低于治疗前、LES 静息压明显降低(P<0.001);支架置入前,食管管腔直径1～9(平均5±4) mm;支架取出1wk 内管腔直径为10～18(平均14±3)mm.吞咽困难评分术前为2～3(平均2.4±0.3)级;支架取出后吞咽困难评分为0～1(平均O.5±0.3)级支架置入前 LES 静息压力为40～66(平均53±10)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);支架取出后 LES 静息压力为0～20(平均10±8)mmHg.支架置入后并发症有胸部胀痛12例,反流8例,支架取出后少量出血3例,反流2例,所有并发症均给予有效处理,所有患者术后随访6～26(平均16.5±9.3)mo.随访期内使用直径20mm 支架的患者有3例(15%)在治疗后6mo 内复发吞咽困难,17例(85%)在随访期内吞咽能力明显好转。结论暂时性金属内支架扩张术是贲门失弛缓介入治疗中最有效的方法之一,且中远期疗效较好.展开更多
文摘Introduction: In India, 57% of patients with head and neck cancers are documented with nutritional compromise. Active nutritional support has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment in severely malnourished patients. The assessment of nutritional status should be a priority when initiating medical nutrition therapy. We evaluated the agreement between Subjective and Objective evaluation of pre-operative nutrition status of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary cancer centre. Methods: Two hundred and thirty seven head and neck cancer patients who underwent surgery were eligible. The patients included both males (147) and females (90) with age varying between 23 - 88 years. All patients were screened for pre-operative nutrition status objectively as well as subjectively. The association of pre-operative SGA scores (A, B and C) subjectively, and PNS score (0, 1, 2) objectively were tested for statistical significance. Results: The cancer sites included tongue in 82, buccal mucosa in 30, thyroid in 28, alveolus in 18, glottis in 10, RMT in 10, nasal cavity in 9, FOM in 8. The pre-operative nutrition status based on subjective scores are A in 156 (65.8%), B in 75 (32%) and C in 6 (2.5%). The objective parameters obtained on the basis of BMI, % weight loss, PNI and S. albumin values are PNS 0 in 161 (67.9%), PNS 1 in 71 (30%) and PNS 2 in 5 (2.1%) patients. As the kappa coefficient p-0.56, there is moderate agreement between the pre-operative nutrition status subjectively as well as objectively. Conclusion: Subjective global assessment is a simple and inexpensive way to screen the pre-operative nutrition status when compared to the other objective assessment tool. SGA has moderate agreement with expensive and complicated objective assessment tools. So it can be a reliable tool for assessing the pre-operative nutrition status.
文摘自然语言生成(Natural Language Generation,NLG)任务是自然语言处理(Natural Languge Processing,NLP)任务中的一个子类,并且是一项具有挑战性的任务。随着深度学习在自然语言处理中的大量应用,其已经变成自然语言生成中处理各种任务的主要方法。自然语言生成任务中主要有问答任务、生成摘要任务、生成评论任务、机器翻译任务、生成式对话任务等。传统的生成模型依赖输入文本,基于有限的知识生成文本。为解决这个问题,引入了知识增强的方法。首先介绍了自然语言生成的研究背景和重要模型,然后针对自然语言处理归纳介绍了提高模型性能的方法,以及基于内部知识(如提取关键词增强生成、围绕主题词等)和外部知识(如借助外部知识图谱增强生成)集成到文本生成过程中的方法和架构。最后,通过分析生成任务面临的一些问题,讨论了未来的挑战和研究方向。
文摘When conducting a literature review,medical authors typically search for relevant keywords in bibliographic databases or on search engines like Google.After selecting the most pertinent article based on the title’s relevance and the abstract’s content,they download or purchase the article and cite it in their manuscript.Three major elements influence whether an article will be cited in future manuscripts:the keywords,the title,and the abstract.This indicates that these elements are the“key dissemination tools”for research papers.If these three elements are not determined judiciously by authors,it may adversely affect the manuscript’s retrievability,readability,and citation index,which can negatively impact both the author and the journal.In this article,we share our informed perspective on writing strategies to enhance the searchability and citation of medical articles.These strategies are adopted from the principles of search engine optimization,but they do not aim to cheat or manipulate the search engine.Instead,they adopt a reader-centric content writing methodology that targets well-researched keywords to the readers who are searching for them.Reputable journals,such as Nature and the British Medical Journal,emphasize“online searchability”in their author guidelines.We hope that this article will encourage medical authors to approach manuscript drafting from the perspective of“looking inside-out.”In other words,they should not only draft manuscripts around what they want to convey to fellow researchers but also integrate what the readers want to discover.It is a call-to-action to better understand and engage search engine algorithms,so they yield information in a desired and self-learning manner because the“Cloud”is the new stakeholder.
文摘目的探讨暂时性金属内支架扩张术在贲门失弛缓介入治疗中应用及其中远期疗效随访。方法 20例贲门失弛缓患者,在 X 线引导下置入国产带膜支架,术后3d～7d,由内镜取出,20例贲门失弛缓患者安放暂时性金属内支架20只(其中20mm 直径支架12只;25mm 直径支架8只),治疗前所有患者均有不同程度的吞咽困难,并给予食管下段括约肌(LES)静息压力测定。结果 20例患者支架置入和支架取出成功率均为100%,操作死亡率为0%,支架置入后吞咽困难明显好转,吞咽困难评分0级;贲门管腔直径20 mm 和25mm,平均(22±3)mm,暂时性支架扩张术后,贲门狭窄直径明显高于治疗前、吞咽困难评分明显低于治疗前、LES 静息压明显降低(P<0.001);支架置入前,食管管腔直径1～9(平均5±4) mm;支架取出1wk 内管腔直径为10～18(平均14±3)mm.吞咽困难评分术前为2～3(平均2.4±0.3)级;支架取出后吞咽困难评分为0～1(平均O.5±0.3)级支架置入前 LES 静息压力为40～66(平均53±10)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);支架取出后 LES 静息压力为0～20(平均10±8)mmHg.支架置入后并发症有胸部胀痛12例,反流8例,支架取出后少量出血3例,反流2例,所有并发症均给予有效处理,所有患者术后随访6～26(平均16.5±9.3)mo.随访期内使用直径20mm 支架的患者有3例(15%)在治疗后6mo 内复发吞咽困难,17例(85%)在随访期内吞咽能力明显好转。结论暂时性金属内支架扩张术是贲门失弛缓介入治疗中最有效的方法之一,且中远期疗效较好.
