Previous investigation on side channel pump mainly concentrates on parameter optimization and internal unsteady vortical flows.However,cavitation is prone to occur in a side channel pump,which is a challenging issue i...Previous investigation on side channel pump mainly concentrates on parameter optimization and internal unsteady vortical flows.However,cavitation is prone to occur in a side channel pump,which is a challenging issue in promoting performance.In the present study,the cavitating flow is investigated numerically by the turbulence model of SAS combined with the Zwart cavitation model.The vapors inside the side channel pump firstly occur in the impeller passage near the inlet and then spread gradually to the downstream passages with the decrease of NPSHa.Moreover,a strong adverse pressure gradient is presented at the end of the cavity closure region,which leads to cavity shedding from the wall.The small scaled vortices in each passage reduce significantly and gather into larger vortices due to the cavitation.Comparing the three terms of vorticity transport equation with the vapor volume fraction and vorticity distributions,it is found that the stretching term is dominant and responsible for the vorticity production and evolution in cavitating flows.In addition,the magnitudes of the stretching term decrease once the cavitation occurs,while the values of dilatation are high in the cavity region and increase with the decreasing NPSHa.Even though the magnitude of the baroclinic torque term is smaller than vortex stretching and dilatation terms,it is important for the vorticity production along the cavity surface and near the cavity closure region.The pressure fluctuations in the impeller and side channel tend to be stronger due to the cavitation.The primary frequency of monitor points in the impeller is 24.94 Hz and in the side channel is 598.05 Hz.They are quite corresponding to the shaft frequency of 25 Hz(fshaft=1/n=25 Hz)and the blade frequency of 600 Hz(fblade=Z/n=600 Hz)respectively.This study complements the investigation on cavitation in the side channel pump,which could provide the theoretical foundation for further optimization of performance.展开更多
A new physical structure of vortical flow, i.e., tubular limiting stream surface(TLSS), is reported. It is defined as a general mathematical structure for the physical flow field in the neighborhood of a singularity, ...A new physical structure of vortical flow, i.e., tubular limiting stream surface(TLSS), is reported. It is defined as a general mathematical structure for the physical flow field in the neighborhood of a singularity, and has a close relationship with limit cycles.The TLSS is a tornado-like structure, which separates a vortex into two regions, i.e., the inner region near the vortex axis and the outer region further away from the vortex axis.The flow particles in these two regions can approach to(or leave) the TLSS, but never could reach it.展开更多
The theoretical research on the propulsive principle of aquatic animal becomes more important and attracted more researchers to make efforts on it. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulatio...The theoretical research on the propulsive principle of aquatic animal becomes more important and attracted more researchers to make efforts on it. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulation of a three-dimensional traveling-wave undulations body of tuna has been developed to investigate the fluid flow features and vorticity structures around this body when moving in a straight line. The undulation only takes place in the posterior half of the fish, and the tuna-tail is considered as a lunate fin oscillating with the mode combined swaying with yawing. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equation is developed, employing a control-volume method and a k-omega SST turbulent model; meanwhile an unstructured tetrahedral grid, which is generated for the three-dimensional geometry, is used based on the deformation of the hind parts of the body and corresponding movement of the tail. We calculated the hydrodynamic performance of tuna-like body when a tuna swims in a uniform velocity, and compared the input power coefficient, output power coefficient and propulsive efficiency of the oscillating tuna-tail with or without body vortex shedding. Additionally, the load distribution on the body, flow features and vorticity structures around the body were demonstrated. The effect of interaction between the body-generated vortices and the tail-generated vorticity on the hydrodynamic performance can be obtained.展开更多
Incompressible viscous flows on curved surfaces are considered with respect to the interplay of surface geometry, curvature, and vorticity dynamics. Free flows and cylindrical wakes over a Gaussian bump are numericall...Incompressible viscous flows on curved surfaces are considered with respect to the interplay of surface geometry, curvature, and vorticity dynamics. Free flows and cylindrical wakes over a Gaussian bump are numerically solved using a surface vorticity- stream function formulation. Numerical simulations show that the Gaussian curvature can generate vorticity, and non-uniformity of the Gaussian curvature is the main cause. In the cylindrical wake, the bump dominated by the positive Gaussian curvature can significantly affect the vortex street by forming velocity depression and changing vorticity transport. The results may provide possibilities for manipulating surface flows through local change in the surface geometry.展开更多
A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently so...A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently solved by the modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient scheme ( MILU-CG). The effects of surface suction or blowing' s position and strength on the vortex structures in the cylinder wake, as well as on the drag and lift forces at Reynoldes number Re = 100 were investigated numerically. The results show that the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder or the blowing on the rear of the cylinder can effeciently suppress the asymmetry of the vortex wake in the transverse direction and greatly reduce the lift force; the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder, when its strength is properly chosen, can reduce the drag force significantly, too.展开更多
This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equatio...This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equation, generalized omega-equation, and departure from fields obtained by potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The basic thoery, assumptions as well as implementation and limitations for each of the tools are all discussed. These tools are applied to high—resolution mesoscale model data to assess the role of unbalanced dynamics in the generation of a mesoscale gravity wave event over the East Coast of the United States. Comparison of these tools in this case study shows that these various methods agree to a large extent with each other though they differ in details. Key words Unbalanced flow - Geostrophic adjustment - Gravity waves - Nonlinear balance equation - Potential vorticity inversion - Omega equations - Rossby number This research was conducted under support from NSF grant ATM-9700626 of the United States. The numerical computations described herein were performed on the Cray T90 at the North Carolina Supercomputing Center and the Cray supercomputer at the NCAR Scientific Computing Division, which also provided the initialization fields for the MM5. Thanks are extended to Mark Stoelinga at University of Washington for the RIP post-processing package.展开更多
The wing rock motion is frequently suffered by a wing-body configuration with low swept wing at high angle of attack. It is found from our experimental study that the tip perturbation and wing longitudinal locations a...The wing rock motion is frequently suffered by a wing-body configuration with low swept wing at high angle of attack. It is found from our experimental study that the tip perturbation and wing longitudinal locations affect significantly the wing rock motion of a wing-body. The natural tip perturbation would make the wing rock motion of a nondeterministic nature and an artificial mini-tip perturbation would make the wing rock motion deterministic. The artificial tip perturbation would, as its circumferential location is varied, generate three different types of motion patterns： （1） limit cycle oscillation, （2） irregular oscillation, （3） equilibrium state with tiny oscillation. The amplitude of rolling oscillation corresponding to the limit cycle oscillatory motion pattern is decreased with the wing location shifting downstream along the body axis.展开更多
Using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model, the effects of street-bottom and building-roof heating on flow in three-dimensional street canyons are investigated. The building and street-canyon aspect ratios are...Using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model, the effects of street-bottom and building-roof heating on flow in three-dimensional street canyons are investigated. The building and street-canyon aspect ratios are one. In the presence of street-bottom heating, as the street-bottom heating intensity increases, the mean kinetic energy increases in the spanwise street canyon formed by the upwind and downwind buildings but decreases in the lower region of the streamwise street canyon. The increase in momentum due to buoyancy force intensifies mechanically induced flow in the spanwise street canyon. The vorticity in the spanwise street canyon strengthens. The temperature increase is not large because relatively cold above-roof-level air comes into the spanwise street canyon. In the presence of both street-bottom and building-roof heating, the mean kinetic energy rather decreases in the spanwise street canyon. This is caused by the decrease in horizontal flow speed at the roof level, which results in the weakening of the mean flow circulation in the spanwise street canyon. It is found that the vorticity in the spanwise street canyon weakens. The temperature increase is relatively large compared with that in the street-bottom heating case, because relatively warm above-roof-level air comes into the spanwise street canyon.展开更多
The viscous flow field around two-dimensional flapping （ heaving and pitching） foils was numerically computed. The structural characteristics of caudal vortices were investigated and the contour curves at different ...The viscous flow field around two-dimensional flapping （ heaving and pitching） foils was numerically computed. The structural characteristics of caudal vortices were investigated and the contour curves at different phase angles were obtained. The relationships between the structural characteristics of the vortices and the force acting on the foil and between the widths of the caudal vortex street and of the caudal flow field were analyzed. A method to determine the shedding frequency of the vortices was proposed.展开更多
Vortex-induced motion is based on the complex characteristics of the flow around the tension leg platform （TLP） hull. By considering the flow field of the South China Sea and the configuration of the platform, three...Vortex-induced motion is based on the complex characteristics of the flow around the tension leg platform （TLP） hull. By considering the flow field of the South China Sea and the configuration of the platform, three typical flow velocities and three flow directions are chosen to study the numerical simulation of the flow field characteristics around the TLP hull. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations combined with the detached eddy simulation turbulence model are employed in the numerical study. The hydrodynamic coefficients of columns and pontoons, the total drag and lift coefficients of the TLP, the formation and development of the wake, and the vorticity iso-surfaces for different inlet velocities and current directions are discussed in this paper. The average value of the drag coefficient of the upstream columns is considerably larger than that of the downstream columns in the inlet direction of 0°. Although the time history of the lift coefficient demonstrates a ＂beating＂ behavior, the plot shows regularity in general. The Strouhal number decreases as the inlet velocity increases from the power spectral density plot at different flow velocities. The mean root values of the lift and drag coefficients of the front column decrease as the current direction increases. Under the symmetrical configuration of 45°, the streamwise force on C4 is the smallest, whereas the transverse force is the largest. The broken vortex conditions in current directions of 22.5° and 45° are more serious than that in the current direction of 0°. In addition, turbulence at the bottom of the TLP becomes stronger when the current direction changes from 0° to 45°. However, a high inlet velocity indicates a large region influenced by the broken vortex and shows the emergence of the wake behind the TLP under the same current angle.展开更多
A simplified one-dimensional barotropic vorticity equation is used to study the influences of the vorticity and the momentum source on the large scale wave. Both vorticity source and momentum source can cause the form...A simplified one-dimensional barotropic vorticity equation is used to study the influences of the vorticity and the momentum source on the large scale wave. Both vorticity source and momentum source can cause the formation of the large scale wave, but the former can produce large scale wave only under the condition that there is apparent basic flow acting on it, while the latter can produce the large scale wave even when tends to be zero. Furthermore, the amplitude of steady wave caused by the former is proportional to , while the amplitude caused by the latter has no relation to , instead it depends only on the magnitude of the perturbation of momentum.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52279086)Yunnan Provincial Ranking the Top of the List for Science and Technology Projects of China(Grant No.202204BW050001)。
文摘Previous investigation on side channel pump mainly concentrates on parameter optimization and internal unsteady vortical flows.However,cavitation is prone to occur in a side channel pump,which is a challenging issue in promoting performance.In the present study,the cavitating flow is investigated numerically by the turbulence model of SAS combined with the Zwart cavitation model.The vapors inside the side channel pump firstly occur in the impeller passage near the inlet and then spread gradually to the downstream passages with the decrease of NPSHa.Moreover,a strong adverse pressure gradient is presented at the end of the cavity closure region,which leads to cavity shedding from the wall.The small scaled vortices in each passage reduce significantly and gather into larger vortices due to the cavitation.Comparing the three terms of vorticity transport equation with the vapor volume fraction and vorticity distributions,it is found that the stretching term is dominant and responsible for the vorticity production and evolution in cavitating flows.In addition,the magnitudes of the stretching term decrease once the cavitation occurs,while the values of dilatation are high in the cavity region and increase with the decreasing NPSHa.Even though the magnitude of the baroclinic torque term is smaller than vortex stretching and dilatation terms,it is important for the vorticity production along the cavity surface and near the cavity closure region.The pressure fluctuations in the impeller and side channel tend to be stronger due to the cavitation.The primary frequency of monitor points in the impeller is 24.94 Hz and in the side channel is 598.05 Hz.They are quite corresponding to the shaft frequency of 25 Hz(fshaft=1/n=25 Hz)and the blade frequency of 600 Hz(fblade=Z/n=600 Hz)respectively.This study complements the investigation on cavitation in the side channel pump,which could provide the theoretical foundation for further optimization of performance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11372340 and 11732016)
文摘A new physical structure of vortical flow, i.e., tubular limiting stream surface(TLSS), is reported. It is defined as a general mathematical structure for the physical flow field in the neighborhood of a singularity, and has a close relationship with limit cycles.The TLSS is a tornado-like structure, which separates a vortex into two regions, i.e., the inner region near the vortex axis and the outer region further away from the vortex axis.The flow particles in these two regions can approach to(or leave) the TLSS, but never could reach it.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50579007)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No. 200802170010)
文摘The theoretical research on the propulsive principle of aquatic animal becomes more important and attracted more researchers to make efforts on it. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulation of a three-dimensional traveling-wave undulations body of tuna has been developed to investigate the fluid flow features and vorticity structures around this body when moving in a straight line. The undulation only takes place in the posterior half of the fish, and the tuna-tail is considered as a lunate fin oscillating with the mode combined swaying with yawing. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equation is developed, employing a control-volume method and a k-omega SST turbulent model; meanwhile an unstructured tetrahedral grid, which is generated for the three-dimensional geometry, is used based on the deformation of the hind parts of the body and corresponding movement of the tail. We calculated the hydrodynamic performance of tuna-like body when a tuna swims in a uniform velocity, and compared the input power coefficient, output power coefficient and propulsive efficiency of the oscillating tuna-tail with or without body vortex shedding. Additionally, the load distribution on the body, flow features and vorticity structures around the body were demonstrated. The effect of interaction between the body-generated vortices and the tail-generated vorticity on the hydrodynamic performance can be obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11472082 and11172069)
文摘Incompressible viscous flows on curved surfaces are considered with respect to the interplay of surface geometry, curvature, and vorticity dynamics. Free flows and cylindrical wakes over a Gaussian bump are numerically solved using a surface vorticity- stream function formulation. Numerical simulations show that the Gaussian curvature can generate vorticity, and non-uniformity of the Gaussian curvature is the main cause. In the cylindrical wake, the bump dominated by the positive Gaussian curvature can significantly affect the vortex street by forming velocity depression and changing vorticity transport. The results may provide possibilities for manipulating surface flows through local change in the surface geometry.
基金Foundation item:the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK97056109)
文摘A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently solved by the modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient scheme ( MILU-CG). The effects of surface suction or blowing' s position and strength on the vortex structures in the cylinder wake, as well as on the drag and lift forces at Reynoldes number Re = 100 were investigated numerically. The results show that the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder or the blowing on the rear of the cylinder can effeciently suppress the asymmetry of the vortex wake in the transverse direction and greatly reduce the lift force; the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder, when its strength is properly chosen, can reduce the drag force significantly, too.
文摘This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equation, generalized omega-equation, and departure from fields obtained by potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The basic thoery, assumptions as well as implementation and limitations for each of the tools are all discussed. These tools are applied to high—resolution mesoscale model data to assess the role of unbalanced dynamics in the generation of a mesoscale gravity wave event over the East Coast of the United States. Comparison of these tools in this case study shows that these various methods agree to a large extent with each other though they differ in details. Key words Unbalanced flow - Geostrophic adjustment - Gravity waves - Nonlinear balance equation - Potential vorticity inversion - Omega equations - Rossby number This research was conducted under support from NSF grant ATM-9700626 of the United States. The numerical computations described herein were performed on the Cray T90 at the North Carolina Supercomputing Center and the Cray supercomputer at the NCAR Scientific Computing Division, which also provided the initialization fields for the MM5. Thanks are extended to Mark Stoelinga at University of Washington for the RIP post-processing package.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10432020, 10872019 and 10702004)
文摘The wing rock motion is frequently suffered by a wing-body configuration with low swept wing at high angle of attack. It is found from our experimental study that the tip perturbation and wing longitudinal locations affect significantly the wing rock motion of a wing-body. The natural tip perturbation would make the wing rock motion of a nondeterministic nature and an artificial mini-tip perturbation would make the wing rock motion deterministic. The artificial tip perturbation would, as its circumferential location is varied, generate three different types of motion patterns： （1） limit cycle oscillation, （2） irregular oscillation, （3） equilibrium state with tiny oscillation. The amplitude of rolling oscillation corresponding to the limit cycle oscillatory motion pattern is decreased with the wing location shifting downstream along the body axis.
基金funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-3307
文摘Using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model, the effects of street-bottom and building-roof heating on flow in three-dimensional street canyons are investigated. The building and street-canyon aspect ratios are one. In the presence of street-bottom heating, as the street-bottom heating intensity increases, the mean kinetic energy increases in the spanwise street canyon formed by the upwind and downwind buildings but decreases in the lower region of the streamwise street canyon. The increase in momentum due to buoyancy force intensifies mechanically induced flow in the spanwise street canyon. The vorticity in the spanwise street canyon strengthens. The temperature increase is not large because relatively cold above-roof-level air comes into the spanwise street canyon. In the presence of both street-bottom and building-roof heating, the mean kinetic energy rather decreases in the spanwise street canyon. This is caused by the decrease in horizontal flow speed at the roof level, which results in the weakening of the mean flow circulation in the spanwise street canyon. It is found that the vorticity in the spanwise street canyon weakens. The temperature increase is relatively large compared with that in the street-bottom heating case, because relatively warm above-roof-level air comes into the spanwise street canyon.
文摘The viscous flow field around two-dimensional flapping （ heaving and pitching） foils was numerically computed. The structural characteristics of caudal vortices were investigated and the contour curves at different phase angles were obtained. The relationships between the structural characteristics of the vortices and the force acting on the foil and between the widths of the caudal vortex street and of the caudal flow field were analyzed. A method to determine the shedding frequency of the vortices was proposed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51309123 and 51279104)the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Research Projects in Colleges and Universities(Grant No.13KJB570002)+2 种基金the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering(Grant No.1407)the"Qing Lan Project"of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Provincethe Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.APD)
文摘Vortex-induced motion is based on the complex characteristics of the flow around the tension leg platform （TLP） hull. By considering the flow field of the South China Sea and the configuration of the platform, three typical flow velocities and three flow directions are chosen to study the numerical simulation of the flow field characteristics around the TLP hull. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations combined with the detached eddy simulation turbulence model are employed in the numerical study. The hydrodynamic coefficients of columns and pontoons, the total drag and lift coefficients of the TLP, the formation and development of the wake, and the vorticity iso-surfaces for different inlet velocities and current directions are discussed in this paper. The average value of the drag coefficient of the upstream columns is considerably larger than that of the downstream columns in the inlet direction of 0°. Although the time history of the lift coefficient demonstrates a ＂beating＂ behavior, the plot shows regularity in general. The Strouhal number decreases as the inlet velocity increases from the power spectral density plot at different flow velocities. The mean root values of the lift and drag coefficients of the front column decrease as the current direction increases. Under the symmetrical configuration of 45°, the streamwise force on C4 is the smallest, whereas the transverse force is the largest. The broken vortex conditions in current directions of 22.5° and 45° are more serious than that in the current direction of 0°. In addition, turbulence at the bottom of the TLP becomes stronger when the current direction changes from 0° to 45°. However, a high inlet velocity indicates a large region influenced by the broken vortex and shows the emergence of the wake behind the TLP under the same current angle.
文摘A simplified one-dimensional barotropic vorticity equation is used to study the influences of the vorticity and the momentum source on the large scale wave. Both vorticity source and momentum source can cause the formation of the large scale wave, but the former can produce large scale wave only under the condition that there is apparent basic flow acting on it, while the latter can produce the large scale wave even when tends to be zero. Furthermore, the amplitude of steady wave caused by the former is proportional to , while the amplitude caused by the latter has no relation to , instead it depends only on the magnitude of the perturbation of momentum.
