High-Order Radial Derivatives of Harmonic Function and Gravity Anomaly

The first through ninth radial derivatives of a harmonic function and gravity anomaly are derived in this paper. These derivatives can be used in the analytical continuation application. For the downward continuation of gravity anomaly, the Taylor series approach developed in the paper is equivalent theoretically to but more efficient and storage-saving computationally than the well-known gradient operator approach. Numerical simulation shows that Taylor series expansion constructed by the derived formulas for the radial derivatives of gravity disturbance is still convergent for height up to 4 km.

High-order harmonic generation of the cyclo[18]carbon molecule irradiated by circularly polarized laser pulse

High-order harmonic generation of the cyclo[18]carbon(C_(18) ) molecule under few-cycle circularly polarized laser pulse is studied by time-dependent density functional theory. Compared with the harmonic emission of the ring molecule C_(6)H_(6) having similar ionization potential, the C_(18) molecule has higher efficiency and cutoff energy than C_(6)H_(6) with the same laser field parameters. Further researches indicate that the harmonic efficiency and cutoff energy of the C_(18) molecule increase gradually with the increase of the laser intensity of the driving laser or decrease of the wavelength, both are larger than those of the C_(6)H_(6) molecule. Through the analysis of the time-dependent evolution of the electronic wave packets, it is also found that the higher efficiency of harmonic generation can be attributed to the larger spatial scale of the C_(18) molecule,which leads to a greater chance for the ionized electrons from one atom to recombine with others of the parent molecule.Selecting the suitable driving laser pulse, it is demonstrated that high-order harmonic generation in the C_(18) molecule has a wide range of applications in producing circularly polarized isolated attosecond pulse.

High-Order Hamilton's Principle and the Hamilton's Principle of High-Order Lagrangian Function

In this paper, based on the theorem of the high-order velocity energy, integration and variation principle, the high-order Hamilton＇s principle of general holonomic systems is given. Then, three-order Lagrangian equations and four-order Lagrangian equations are obtained from the high-order Hamilton＇s principle. Finally, the Hamilton＇s principle of high-order Lagrangian function is given.

HIGH-ORDER RUNGE-KUTTA DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR 2-D RESONATOR PROBLEM

The Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin finite element method （RK-DGFEM） is introduced to solve the classical resonator problem in the time domain. DGFEM uses unstructured grid discretization in the space domain and it is explicit in the time domain. Consequently it is a best mixture of FEM and finite volume method （FVM）. RK-DGFEM can obtain local high-order accuracy by using high-order polynomial basis. Numerical experiments of transverse magnetic （TM） wave propagation in a 2-D resonator are performed. A high-order Lagrange polynomial basis is adopted. Numerical results agree well with analytical solution. And different order Lagrange interpolation polynomial basis impacts on simulation result accuracy are discussed. Computational results indicate that the accuracy is evidently improved when the order of interpolation basis is increased. Finally, L^2 errors of different order polynomial basis in RK-DGFEM are presented. Computational results show that L^2 error declines exponentially as the order of basis increases.

Effects of Winter Cover Crop and Straw Returning on the Functional Diversity of Rhizosphere Microflora in Double-crop Rice Paddies

The functional diversity of rhizosphere microflora which is also known as the “microbial community” is a sensitive indicator of soil quality subject to the type of winter cover crop and straw returning.In order to evaluate the effects of different winter cover crops and returning patterns on the functional diversity of rhizosphere microflora in double-crop rice paddies,we designed five winter cover crops and straw returning combinations to analyze their effects on the functional diversity of rhizosphere microflora in rice paddies: ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumL.)–double-crop rice (Ry),milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.)–double-crop rice (Mv),Rape (Brassica napus L.)–Double-crop rice (Ra), Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)–double-crop rice (Po),and winter fallow–doublecrop rice (CK,the control).In this paper,the average well color development (AWCD) in Biolog-GN plates indicated the capacity for carbon utilization by the rhizosphere microbial community.We analyzed the rhizosphere microbial community functional diversity of the paddy soils with the above five treatments by using the Biolog-GN system.The results showed that applications of winter cover crop and straw returning caused high increases in AWCD compared with CK,and the AWCD values for samples with Po treatment was greater than those with Ry and CK treatments at the early and late rice maturity stages. It was concluded that applications of winter cover crop and straw returning can cause changes in the carbon utilization efficiency of rhizosphere microflora.There were differences in the genetic diversity of the rhizosphere microflora among different treatments at the maturity stage of early and late rice.The richness,Shannon,and McIntosh Index under different winter cover crop and straw returning treatments were significantly different.The highest indexes were observed in the Po treatment and the lowest in the CK at the maturity stage of early and late rice.The richness, Shannon,and McIntosh Index under different treatments ranked in descending order is as follows: Po>Ra>Mv>Ry>CK.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of substrate reactions were conducted in this research.The results indicated that the pattern of carbon source utilization varied with winter cover crop treatments,and that carbohydrates and amino acids were the main carbon sources of rhizosphere microorganisms.To conclude,the application of winter cover crop and straw returning to paddy fields could significantly increase the carbon source utilization, species richness,and species evenness of rhizosphere microflora in double-crop rice paddies.

Signal Classification Method Based on Support Vector Machine and High-Order Cumulants

In this paper, a classification method based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is given in the digital modulation signal classification. The second, fourth and sixth order cumulants of the received signals are used as classification vectors firstly, then the kernel thought is used to map the feature vector to the high dimensional feature space and the optimum separating hyperplane is constructed in space to realize signal recognition. In order to build an effective and robust SVM classifier, the radial basis kernel function is selected, one against one or one against rest of multi-class classifier is designed, and method of parameter selection using cross- validation grid is adopted. Through the experiments it can be concluded that the classifier based on SVM has high performance and is more robust.

Legacy effects of historical woodland changes on contemporary plant functional composition

Considering the legacy of plant functional composition can help assess ecosystem functions and ecosystem services across different spatial scales under land cover changes.Woody plants likely respond to natural and anthropogenic perturbations due to historical events(e.g.,agricultural development),thus contemporary plant functional composition may be explained by historical woodland change,a type of land cover change.We propose that historical woodland changes may have legacy effects on contemporary plant functional composition.Here,we used partial least squares regression and linear mixed model analyses to test this assumption by coupling data on community weighted means(CWM)and community weighted variance(CWV)of vegetation plots and calculating the time of woodland existence across different periods from AD 0 to 2017.We found that the legacy effects of historical land cover changes on CWM and CWV during the existence time of woodland,particularly from AD 0 to 900,were drivers of contemporary plant functional composition at large spatial scales.Furthermore,historical woodland changes can affect contemporary plant functional composition,depending on the biome type.Particularly,the CWM of plant height,seed mass,and seed length showed the strongest correlations with woodland changes from AD 1910 to 2010 in tropics with year-round rain,and the CWM of leaf traits correlated with woodland changes from AD 0 to 1700 in tropics with summer rain.Our study provides the effective evidence on the legacy of historical woodland changes and the effects on contemporary plant functional composition,which is crucial with respect to effective management of plant diversity and assessing ecosystem functions and services from local to global scales over time.

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of high-order statistics in isotropic turbulent flows

The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） is coupled with the multiple-relaxation- time （MRT） collision model and the three-dimensional 19-discrete-velocity （D3Q19） model to resolve intermittent behaviors on small scales in isotropic turbulent flows. The high- order scaling exponents of the velocity structure functions, the probability distribution functions of Lagrangian accelerations, and the local energy dissipation rates are investi- gated. The self-similarity of the space-time velocity structure functions is explored using the extended self-similarity （ESS） method, which was originally developed for velocity spatial structure functions. The scaling exponents of spatial structure functions at up to ten orders are consistent with the experimental measurements and theoretical results, implying that the LBM can accurately resolve the intermittent behaviors. This valida~ tion provides a solid basis for using the LBM to study more complex processes that are sensitive to small scales in turbulent flows, such as the relative dispersion of pollutants and mesoscale structures of preferential concentration of heavy particles suspended in turbulent flows.

Evaluation of the water conservation function in the Ili River Delta of Central Asia based on the InVEST model

The Ili River Delta(IRD)is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia.In this study,we selected the IRD as a typical research area,and simulated the water yield and water conservation from 1975 to 2020 using the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the water yield and water conservation in the IRD from 1975 to 2020,and investigated the main driving factors(precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,land use/land cover change,and inflow from the Ili River)of the water conservation variation based on the linear regression,piecewise linear regression,and Pearson's correlation coefficient analyses.The results indicated that from 1975 to 2020,the water yield and water conservation in the IRD showed a decreasing trend,and the spatial distribution pattern was"high in the east and low in the west";overall,the water conservation of all land use types decreased slightly.The water conservation volume of grassland was the most reduced,although the area of grassland increased owing to the increased inflow from the Ili River.At the same time,the increased inflow has led to the expansion of wetland areas,the improvement of vegetation growth,and the increase of regional evapotranspiration,thus resulting in an overall reduction in the water conservation.The water conservation depth and precipitation had similar spatial distribution patterns;the change in climate factors was the main reason for the decline in the water conservation function in the delta.The reservoir in the upper reaches of the IRD regulated runoff into the Lake Balkhash,promoted vegetation restoration,and had a positive effect on the water conservation;however,this positive effect cannot offset the negative effect of enhanced evapotranspiration.These results provide a reference for the rational allocation of water resources and ecosystem protection in the IRD.

Stability Analysis for Stochastic Delayed High-order Neural Networks

In this paper, the global asymptotic stability analysis problem is considered for a class of stochastic high-order neural networks with tin.delays. Based on a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the stochastic stability analysis theory, several sufficient conditions are derived in order to guarantee the global asymptotic convergence of the equilibtium paint in the mean square. Investigation shows that the addressed stochastic highorder delayed neural networks are globally asymptotically stable in the mean square if there are solutions to some linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. Hence, the global asymptotic stability of the studied stochastic high-order delayed neural networks can be easily checked by the Matlab LMI toolbox. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed global stability criteria.

苜蓿绿肥对塔里木盆地苹果园土壤细菌多样性和功能的影响

为探讨南疆干旱荒漠区苹果园种植覆盖作物苜蓿对果园土壤细菌群落结构与功能的影响,以苹果园间作苜蓿绿肥为处理(GMA)、清耕(CT)为对照,分别对0-20、20-40、40-60 cm土壤微生物16S rDNA基因组采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术和PICRUSt基因预测分析,比较不同处理下果园不同耕层土壤细菌群落结构、多样性及代谢功能变化。结果表明,苹果园间作苜蓿绿肥显著影响园区土壤细菌群落多样性,细菌拷贝数、丰富度指数(Chao1、ACE指数)及多样性指数(Shannon指数)均显著提高。其中,GMA处理下变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度分别为10.15%、64.97%和82.31%,较CT显著提高。通过PICRUSt功能预测,间作苜蓿绿肥明显提高了果园0—20cm土层细菌功能的相对丰度,其中在7和9月提升最为显著,主要提高了土壤细菌对异物的生物降解能力,增强了土壤碳代谢、氮代谢相关功能菌的丰度。相关性分析表明,土壤细菌优势菌门与土壤全氮、总碳、碱解氮和有效钾含量呈显著正相关,与pH呈显著负相关。综上所述,苹果园种植苜蓿绿肥能显著改善土壤微生物群落组成,提高土壤细菌丰富度、多样性和拷贝数,显著提高土壤微生物功能,对果园土壤熟化、促进物质代谢及培肥地力具有重要作用。

基于MOD10A1 V6产品下青海省各片区积雪的分布气候特征

利用MOD10A1 V6版积雪产品获取青海省及省内各重要生态功能区的积雪信息,并对积雪变化与气候因子间的响应关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)16年来青海省内积雪覆盖面积变化存在空间差异性,可可西里积雪覆盖面积显著增加(p<0.05)而其他生态功能区变化不显著,从阶段变化来看青海省及各生态功能区在2016积雪季后积雪覆盖面积大幅增加,而在2016积雪季前仅柴达木盆地积雪覆盖面积显著减少(p<0.05),其余地区减少趋势不显著。(2)16年来青海省内积雪日数变化存在空间差异性,可可西里内26.8%的面积积雪日数显著增加(p<0.05),而三江源腹部、柴达木盆地东部和祁连山地区西部积雪日数显著减少(p<0.05)。(3)近16年来青海省及各生态功能区积雪覆盖面积与降水显著正相关(r>0.65,p<0.01),与气温显著负相关(r>0.5,p<0.05),其中在青海省、祁连山、可可西里和柴达木盆地的积雪覆盖面积变化主要受降水主导,而三江源和青海湖流域则是由气温和降水共同影响。

MF-TLID:一种多特征融合输电线覆冰图像去噪方法

针对基于图像对线缆覆冰状态进行监测过程中图像存在噪声的问题,提出了一种多特征融合输电线覆冰图像去噪方法。该方法采用残差注意力融合模块、源特征融合模块和特征增强模块。在残差注意力融合模块中采用级联残差结构和混合注意力模块,既有助于特征信息映射,又能增强特征信息表达;在网络不同特征层中融合源特征,保留图像的低频信息,有利于提升图像的清晰度和真实感;在特征增强模块中同时结合局部和全局特征,通过特征注意力加权学习有效特征向量表示,提高模型去噪能力;创新性地提出像素损失和感知损失的联合损失函数,同时考虑像素级别的误差和感知质量的提升。在输电线覆冰数据集上高斯噪声标准差分别为10~40、20~50和30~60,PSNR和SSIM分别达到了{31.015 dB、29.262 dB、27.717 dB}和{0.956、0.943、0.930}。结果表明,该算法的性能优于主流去噪方法,具有更强的抑噪能力和抗干扰性。

基于隶属函数法对不同材料膜覆盖花生影响评价

利用隶属函数法对不同材料膜覆盖下的花生生长影响进行了评价,结果表明,形态学方面,塑料地膜覆盖效果最优,纤维黑色纸膜次之,对照(无覆盖)最差;光合方面,液态生物降解膜覆盖效果最优,粉剂生物降解膜次之,对照最差;水分利用方面,粉剂生物降解膜覆盖效果最优,液态生物降解膜次之,对照最差;产量方面,粉剂生物降解膜效果最佳,塑料地膜和液态生物降解膜次之,对照亦最差。隶属函数法可以解决同类间不同指标所得的结论不一致的矛盾,可以准确反映出不同材料膜覆盖对花生生长的影响。

加权再生核空间中信号的随机采样稳定性

针对一般概率分布获取的独立随机样本,在核函数不满足对称性的条件下,在加权再生核子空间中研究了信号的随机采样稳定性。首先,基于加权再生核子空间的框架刻画,在有界区域上用有限维子空间逼近加权再生核空间。其次,通过研究加权再生核子空间中信号的无穷范数与p范数的关系,估计标准化有限维子空间的覆盖数。最后,证明了当采样量足够大时,能量集中于立方体上的加权再生核信号的随机采样稳定性以高概率成立。

Introducing the nth-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems (nth-FASAM-N): II. Illustrative Example

This work highlights the unparalleled efficiency of the “nth-Order Function/ Feature Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems” (nth-FASAM-N) by considering the well-known Nordheim-Fuchs reactor dynamics/safety model. This model describes a short-time self-limiting power excursion in a nuclear reactor system having a negative temperature coefficient in which a large amount of reactivity is suddenly inserted, either intentionally or by accident. This nonlinear paradigm model is sufficiently complex to model realistically self-limiting power excursions for short times yet admits closed-form exact expressions for the time-dependent neutron flux, temperature distribution and energy released during the transient power burst. The nth-FASAM-N methodology is compared to the extant “nth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems” (nth-CASAM-N) showing that: (i) the 1st-FASAM-N and the 1st-CASAM-N methodologies are equally efficient for computing the first-order sensitivities;each methodology requires a single large-scale computation for solving the “First-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System” (1st-LASS);(ii) the 2nd-FASAM-N methodology is considerably more efficient than the 2nd-CASAM-N methodology for computing the second-order sensitivities since the number of feature-functions is much smaller than the number of primary parameters;specifically for the Nordheim-Fuchs model, the 2nd-FASAM-N methodology requires 2 large-scale computations to obtain all of the exact expressions of the 28 distinct second-order response sensitivities with respect to the model parameters while the 2nd-CASAM-N methodology requires 7 large-scale computations for obtaining these 28 second-order sensitivities;(iii) the 3rd-FASAM-N methodology is even more efficient than the 3rd-CASAM-N methodology: only 2 large-scale computations are needed to obtain the exact expressions of the 84 distinct third-order response sensitivities with respect to the Nordheim-Fuchs model’s parameters when applying the 3rd-FASAM-N methodology, while the application of the 3rd-CASAM-N methodology requires at least 22 large-scale computations for computing the same 84 distinct third-order sensitivities. Together, the nth-FASAM-N and the nth-CASAM-N methodologies are the most practical methodologies for computing response sensitivities of any order comprehensively and accurately, overcoming the curse of dimensionality in sensitivity analysis.

矿用隔爆外壳紧固螺钉力学特性分析

为了分析矩形箱盖紧固螺钉的力学特性,首先采用重三角级数构造了均布载荷作用下四边固支矩形箱盖的挠度函数,并基于最小势能原理求解得出其待定系数;其次通过建立螺钉固定的矩形箱盖受力模型,计算得到螺钉所受轴向力与弯矩,进而求得螺钉应力;最后通过算例对比分析了紧固螺钉强度的解析解与有限元数值解。结果验证了该紧固螺钉强度解析求解方法的正确性,为紧固螺钉强度的解析计算提供了参考。

人工岛消浪作用研究综述

在风场作用下,湖库型水体近岸处易形成强度较大的风浪,对近岸护坡结构安全及滩面稳定带来威胁;为研究人工岛的建设对水源地近岸风浪的消减作用机理,结合前人对近岸人工岛消浪作用的研究成果,总结和分析近岸人工岛布置位置、面积大小、边界形状、人工岛数量方面等因素对人工岛消浪作用的贡献及影响,更加系统地研究了人工岛消浪作用机理,为湖库型水体近岸岸滩稳定及护坡安全的维护提供思路。

浅谈核固废钢桶自动取封盖装置设计思路

自动取封盖装置是核电厂或核废物固化处理生产线必不可少的一套自动化设备,主要用于低、中水平放射性固体废物包装容器钢桶的取封盖操作。其中,钢桶定位、螺栓/螺孔定位以及桶盖抓取功能是其重要的三个功能。本文以我国沿海某市三个已运行的核电站项目中,三个不同设计模式的自动取封盖装置为例,探讨了实现其三个功能的机械电控结构及存在的设计问题。基于上述对比分析,本文针对钢桶定位、螺栓/螺孔定位以及桶盖抓取功能,提出了一些改进的设计思路,对于后续优化改进自动取封盖装置具有现实意义。

Forward Calculation of 2-D and 3-D Structures with a Cover by the Boundary Element Method while Using Electrical Methods

This paper develops the boundary element method, the authors employ two-layered earth Green 's functions as the weighting functions of residual and derive boundary integral equations. The forward problems of point sources on 2 - D and 3-D structures with an influencing cover are solved by this method. The results show that this method markedly improves the original boundary element method. The features of the improved method are greater numerical accuracy and much smaller systems of equations and thus considerable savings for the storage capacity of computers, allowing us to solve the above problems with only ordinary microcomputers. The results in this paper extend the scope of applying the boundary element method while using electrical methods for geophysical prospecting.