Comparative Study of the Geomagnetic Activity Effect on foF2 Variation as Defined by the Two Classification Methods at Dakar Station over Solar Cycle Phases

This paper aims to establish a comparison between both geomagnetic activity classification methods on foF2 diurnal variation over solar cycle phases. It concerns first a comparison of geomagnetic activity occurrences according to both classification methods;and second the geomagnetic effect on foF2 diurnal variation profiles as defined for the equatorial latitudes. The occurrences of the different disturbed geomagnetic activities (recurrent activity (RA), shock activity (SA) and fluctuant activity (FA)) according to both classifications (ancient classification (AC) and new classification (NC)) have been studied at Dakar ionosonde station (Lat: 14.8°N;Long: 342.6°E). Regarding both classifications, the RA occurs more during the decreasing phase. And it’s observed that the RA occurs the most during the increasing phase for the AC and during the minimum phase for the NC. The maximum gap of occurrence () between both classifications is -11.1% (for the negative value which is observed during the increasing phase) and +16.74% (for the positive one which is observed during the decreasing phase). The occurrence of the SA in relation with both classifications is the lowest during the minimum phase and the maximum occurrence is observed during the maximum and decreasing phases, for the AC, with a value close to 37% and for the NC at the maximum phase with a percentage of 54.47%. The maximum gap of occurrence () between both classifications is -17.85% (for the negative value which is observed at maximum phase) and +13.53% (for the positive one which is observed during the decreasing phase). For both classifications, the FA occurs the least during the minimum phase and the most during the maximum phase for the AC and at maximum and decreasing phases with percentage values of occurrence of roughly 37% for the NC. The maximum gap of occurrence () between both classifications is -10% (for the negative value which is observed during the decreasing phase) and +20.11% (for the positive one which is observed during the maximum phase). foF2 diurnal profiles throughout solar cycle phases concerning the AC and the NC have been compared. The FA diurnal profiles don’t present a difference. The RA and the SA present a difference during minimum and increasing phases and the least at maximum and decreasing phases.

Electromagnetic response function for the semi-annual variations estimated by the single-station method using the night-time values of the geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic night-time values were used to estimate the electromagnetic response function Q1 for half-year period. If the spatial structure of the source field can be described by the approximation, one can estimate the Q1 value using the single-station Z/H method. This technique enables us to carry out regional deep gcomagnetic sounding by the method. The data used for analyses are geomagnetic night-time values for about, typically, 26 years from 5 good-quality stations and for several years from 34 stations distributed over the globe. The results indicate that the night-time values yield more reliable response estimates for half-year period compared to the usual estimates obtained from daily means. It implies that the approximation for the night-time fields holds good for the half-year period, but the daily means are not suitable for estimating the response function of the semi-annual variations by using the single-station method. Source field analyses for daily means data and night-time means data have also been carried out in this paper.

Investigations of the seismomagnetic effect in the geomagnetic diurnal variations

In this paper we attempt to Abstract seismomagnetic signals from geomagnetic diurnal variations of three components in quiet days before and after great earthquakes. The method employed here is to examine the ratio of apparent depths between two geomagnetic observatories using the single-station Z/H method. We first estimate the apparent depth for the period of 24 h for two observatories which are located at almost the same latitude. Then we analyse the time changes of the apparent-depth-ratio between these stations. In the interval of 1962 1988, the time variation of apparent-depth-ratio between the Beijing and Lanzhou observatories seems to be related to the three great earthquakes occurred near Beijing. Roughly speaking, the anomalous change in apparentdepth-ratio appears to be positive before earthquake, and appears to be negative after earthquake.

Propagation of Superluminous L-O Mode Waves During Geomagnetic Activities

The effect of the azimuthal angle φ of the wave vector k on the propagation characteristics of the superluminous L-O mode waves （together with a case of the R-X mode） during different geomagnetic activities using a three-dimensional （3D） ray-tracing method is investigated. This work is primarily an extension of our previous two-dimensional study in which the wave azimuthal angle was not considered. We present numerical simulations for this mode which is generated in the source cavity along a 70° night geomagnetic field line at the specific altitude of 1.5RE （where RE is the Earth＇s radius）. It is found that, as in the two-dimensional case, the trajectory of L-O mode starting in the source meridian plane （or the wave azimuthal angle φ = 180°） can reach the lowest latitude; whereas it basically stays at relatively higher latitudes starting off the source meridian plane （or φ=180°）. The results reveal that under appropriate conditions, the superluminous L-O mode waves may exist in the radiation belts of the Earth, but this remains to be supplemented by observational data.

基准地磁台选定基线值约束方法研究

《地磁站网运行管理技术细则》《电磁学科观测资料质量评比办法》对基准地磁台绝对观测基线值的选定无约束条件或规定,使得观测人员在进行基线值选定时无据可依,容易导致基线值错误,进而导致地磁绝对值错误。通过2种对选定基线值的约束方法,可降低基线值错误率,提高数据质量。2种方法分别为:①直接约束法(选定基线值约束):通过基线值预处理、温漂消除、“2σ”准则等方法,实现对选定基线值的约束和判定,有效率达60%以上;②间接约束法(绝对值约束):通过绝对值预处理、基准线设定、迪克逊准则引入、离群值等概念和算法,实现对异常绝对值的自动判断,进而判定基线值是否正确。

卫星导航中电离层误差校正技术现状与发展

电离层误差严重影响着GNSS的定位精度,GPS、BDS、Galileo、GLONASS有不同的电离层误差校正方法.全文概述了电离层误差校正方法,综述了单频电离层误差校正、双频电离层误差校正及多频电离层误差校正等技术的原理与发展现状.在单频电离层误差校正技术中总结了增强系统中的电离层误差校正技术、北斗全球电离层延迟修正模型(BeiDou global ionospheric delay correction model,BDGIM)、Klobuchar模型、单频电离层误差校正技术的优化—附加国际参考电离层(international reference ionosphere,IRI)约束模型和NeQuick-G模型;在双频电离层误差校正技术中重点总结了双频消电离层误差、无电离层组合模型及PPP-RTK技术中电离层误差校正方法;在多频电离层误差校正技术中介绍了高阶项改正和地磁场建模对电离层误差校正技术的优化与改进.最后,对电离层误差校正技术及其改进方法进行了分析,总结了其发展趋势与方向.

融合地磁定位与应变面积横向传递匹配的多车道桥梁BWIM方法研究

为改善多车道桥梁大交通流量下车辆信号分离与横向定位困难导致桥梁动态称重(BWIM)系统精度不足的问题,提出一种融合地磁定位与应变面积横向传递匹配的BWIM方法。该方法利用地磁矩阵矢量特性,构建一维卷积神经网络(1D-CNN)模型识别多车通行工况车辆数量和横向位置,采用应变面积横向传递匹配的荷载识别算法结合实测应变响应与车辆加载信息识别车辆重量。以武汉市某多车道空心板梁桥为背景,进行车辆横向位置定位试验,开展标定试验获取动应变响应计算桥梁结构实际影响面,开展单车通行和多车通行2种典型工况试验,基于互相关算法反演车辆通行速度,进而识别车辆重量,并进行精度分析。结果表明:所提方法能精准识别车辆数量与横向位置,车辆通行横向位置识别准确率保持在96%左右,车速识别误差小于5%;单车通行工况车辆重量识别误差小于2%,多车通行工况车辆重量识别误差小于5%;本文所提方法在保证车辆重量识别精度的前提下能大幅降低计算复杂度与动态响应的干扰,在多车通行场景下依然具有实用性。

多种物探方法在采空区勘察中的应用

受开采技术的影响,部分煤矿开采后会在岩体中留下采空区。若不能准确探明采空区的分布规律和影响范围并加以控制,将会给后续的煤矿开采带来极大的安全隐患。首先,采用瞬变电磁法(TEM)和可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)等物探方法,详细调查了山西某煤矿采空区的分布及积水情况。然后,利用钻孔探测方法对多种物探得到的采空区范围进行验证。结果表明,采用瞬变电磁法和可控源音频大地电磁法,结合钻孔探测方法,可以达到精准勘探煤矿采空区的目的。

Analysis of prospecting polymetallic metallogenic belts by comprehensive geophysical method

This paper is based on the analysis and research on the silver-lead-zinc polymetallic ore in New Ballyhoo Banner in southern Manzhouli of Inner Mongolia.Because metal mineralization brings rock formations,the geophysical features such as low resistivity,high polarization rate and uneven distribution of magnetization,the comprehensive geophysical methods are adopted including high-precision magnetic measurement,high-power induced polarization,IP field middle gradient and controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics.In the survey work of multi-metal ore deposits,from surface sweeping to single point measurement,and from single point to section going deeper layer by layer,the resolution of measurement is continuously improved,and various geophysical methods support and complement each other,so explorers can successfully predict the direction,scale and volume of the metallogenic belts in conjunction with geochemical exploration,geological survey and drilling.It has provided a strong basis for completing the exploration task of predicting the reserve volume of ore bodies.The research conclusions of this exploration case have thus a high reference value in the same type of exploration work.

原平4.2级地震前山西地磁台阵数据异常特征分析

山西省地震局与中国地震局地球物理研究所合作于2014年9月在山西北部恒山断裂带区域建设地磁台阵,布设了5台GM4磁通门磁力仪,获取区域场地磁三分量观测资料。台阵运行正常,记录数据完整率和内在质量达到预期标准。2016年4月7日在距离台阵最近代县测点约20 km处的原平发生了M4.2地震。通过对台阵2015年10月—2016年9月12个月记录数据,采用相关性、加卸载响应比、极化值3种方法进行分析,发现震前3~6个月时间各测点观测数据出现异常,其中代县与繁峙测点数据相关性最差;加卸载响应比代县测点(3.9)超出阈值(3.5);震前2个多月各测点极化值出现高值,而震前1个月代县测点出现高值,异常十分明显。笔者认为台阵多测点、数据多方法分析比单个站点分析对震前磁异常识别可信度高,这为未来多学科、多方法的地震预测综合判定提供了参考依据。

利用垂直强度极化法分析喀什观测站地磁秒数据异常

利用极化法计算喀什观测站FHDZ-M15地磁秒数据垂直分量极化值,定量研究极化值异常幅值、震中距、异常持续时间及对应地震震级之间的关系。结果表明:①极化值高值异常与其后4个月内台站周边区域的M_(S)≥5.0地震有很好的对应关系,高值异常持续多为3~6 d;②对应地震的震级与震中距之间为准线性关系,相关系数达0.791;③按震中距分析得出具有显著关系有[0,150)km和[150,250)km,异常持续时间和对应地震震级相关系数分别为0.645、0.702。[150,250)km内,异常幅值与震级相关系数为0.717。[250,∞]km,震中距与震级相关系数达0.687;④按震级分析,M_(S)[6.0,7.0),震级与震中距呈中度负相关,相关系数为-0.685。

地磁低点位移内源场分布特征

采用矩谐方法分离了发生在中国南北地震带南部地区的地磁低点位移异常的内外源场,分析了畸变异常期间内外源场变化幅度与其全天变化幅度的比值,发现地磁低点位移异常期间,内源场变化幅度与其全天变化幅度的比值高于外源场变化幅度与其全天变化幅度的比值,即地磁低点位移异常期间内源场变化幅度大于外源场变化幅度,表明地磁低点位移异常来自内源场。

基于Phyphox软件测量地磁场的一种普适性方法

通过对地磁场矢量进行分解,提出运用手机Phyphox软件测量地磁场的一种普适性方法.该方法原理简单且易于操作,可用于实验教学,鼓励学生利用日常工具来解决物理问题,培养学生物理学科核心素养和发展创新意识.同时,该方法也可在导航、探矿等地磁场应用领域进行粗略的地磁场测量.

地磁法勘探用于金属固体矿产储量估算的精确性分析

本文旨在探讨地磁法在金属固体矿产储量估算中的精确性,并通过实地勘探数据与地磁测量结果的对比,深入分析其应用潜力。研究通过综合考察地磁法的理论基础,明确其在金属矿产勘探中的适用性。本文详细介绍了地磁法在实际勘探中的应用案例,特别关注金属固体矿产的特殊性质和地质条件对地磁测量结果的影响。在数据分析部分,采用先进的数学模型和统计方法,对比地磁法估算的储量与实际勘探数据,以评估其精确性。最后,通过对实验结果的解释,总结了地磁法在金属固体矿产储量估算中的优势与局限性,为未来勘探工作提供了科学依据。

High-precision method for measuring the photothermal properties of transparent media with digital holography

Quantitative phase microscopy by digital holography provides direct access to the phase profile of a transparent subject with high precision. This is useful for observing phenomena that modulate phase, but are otherwise difficult or impossible to detect. In this letter, a carefully constructed digital holographic apparatus is used to measure optically induced thermal lensing with an optical path difference precision of less than 1 nm. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the radial symmetry of a thermal lens, such data are processed to determine the absorption coefficient of transparent media with precisions as low as 1 × 10-5cm-1 using low power （30 mW） continuous wave （CW） excitation.

地磁正常场的选取与地磁异常场的计算

根据 2 0 0 3年中国地磁观测数据 (包括 135个地磁测点和 35个地磁台 )以及我国邻近地区 38个IGRF计算点的地磁数据 ,计算中国地磁异常场的分布 .选取两种地磁场模型作为地磁正常场 ,一是国际参考地磁场的球谐模型 ,二是中国地磁场泰勒多项式模型 .根据各个测点的地磁异常值 (观测值减去模型计算值 ) ,用球冠谐分析方法计算地磁异常场的球冠谐模型 ,并绘制 2 0 0 3年中国地磁异常图 (ΔD ,ΔI,ΔF ,ΔX ,ΔY ,ΔZ) .分析和讨论了中国地磁异常场 .

大地电导率横向突变处磁暴感应地电场的邻近效应

大地电性结构的横向变化会对磁暴时的感应地电流和地面电磁场产生影响.本文假设扰动地磁场变化的源为地面以上一定高度的面电流,以某一典型层状大地电导率结构为基础,构造含有电导率横向突变的地电模型.针对感应电流的方向与横向分界面平行的情形,采用伽辽金有限元法对电导率横向突变处的感应地电场进行了分析,揭示了电导率横向差异产生的趋肤效应和邻近效应的机理,针对与电性结构分界面平行的输电线路,从评估地磁感应电流的角度讨论了影响的严重程度和范围.

2005.0年代中国地区地磁场及其长期变化球冠谐和分析

国家地磁图作为描述一个国家领域内地磁场空间分布的基础科技产品,其选用的模型计算方法应准确合理地反映标准年代上地磁场空间分布及未来5年的地磁场长期变化趋势.本文应用球冠谐和(SCH)方法,对中国地区1119个野外地磁测点和36个地磁台的观测数据进行了计算,获得了2005.0标准地磁年代中国地区地磁正常场及其异常场空间分布,建立了2005～2010年中国地区地磁场长期变化球冠谐和模型.结果表明,IGRF描述的中国地区地磁场偏差幅度约为5′(D、I)或100 nT(F),由于新的、空间分辨率更高的地磁测量数据参与计算,球冠谐和方法描述的2005.0地磁图能较IGRF更细致地描述地磁场的空间分布,具备稳定运用在中国地磁图的编制出版工作中的能力.

基于虚拟日变台进行地磁矢量数据日变通化方法

流动地震地磁矢量观测是一种获取地震前兆异常的方法,试验研究和观测实例表明,地震孕育引起的地磁场异常变化量级较小,因此在观测、数据处理过程中都要尽可能消除误差提高精度.本文主要从地磁矢量数据日变通化精度方面开展讨论,首先使用反距离加权插值法由泰安、武汉、崇明、杭州4个地磁台观测资料计算出蒙城地磁台相应的虚拟地磁数据,其磁偏角、水平分量、垂直分量三个要素与真实观测值的相关系数分别高达0.9987、0.9946和0.9806,验证了反距离加权插值方法对地磁观测数据空间插值的有效性.其次,选择东部和西部测区分别使用反距离加权插值方法建立各地磁矢量测点位置的虚拟日变台并用其进行通化,实例计算结果表明,该方法可有效提高日变通化精度,对于地磁台站稀疏地区更具实际应用价值.

基于等值线约束的地磁匹配方法

地磁辅助导航是组合导航技术研究的新方向.简要介绍了地磁辅助导航的基本原理和发展现状,并重点对地磁匹配方法进行了研究.地磁匹配是利用地磁图进行定位的方法,位置输出可用于限制惯性导航系统的误差积累.提出了一种改进的基于等值线约束的相关匹配算法,能够有效消除导航系统的初始位置误差并能限制匹配过程中惯性导航系统的积累误差.仿真实验证明,该算法能有效提高相关匹配的实时性,并能把定位精度控制在地磁数据网格间距以内.该算法对航向误差具有一定的适应性.