Application of high-pressure water jet technology and the theory of rock burst control in roadway

This paper puts forward using high-pressure water jet technology to control rock burst in roadway, and analyzes the theory of controlling rock burst in roadway by the weak structure zone model. The weak structure zone is formed by using high-pressure water jet to cut the coal wall in a continuous and rotational way. In order to study the influence law of weak structure zone in surrounding rock, this paper numerically analyzed the influence law of weak structure zone, and the disturbance law of coal wall and floor under dynamic and static combined load. The results show that when the distance between high-pressure water jet drillings is 3 m and the diameter of drilling is 300 mm, continuous stress superposition zone can be formed. The weak structure zone can transfer and reduce the concentrated static load in surrounding rock, and then form distressed zone. The longer the high-pressure water jet drilling is, the larger the distressed zone is. The stress change and displacement change of non-distressed zone in coal wall and floor are significantly greater than that of distressed zone under dynamic and static combined load. And it shows that the distressed zone can effectively control rock burst in roadway under dynamic and static combined load. High-pressure water jet technology was applied in the haulage gate of 250203 working face in Yanbei Coal Mine, and had gained good effect. The study conclusions provide theoretical foundation and a new guidance for controlling rock burst in roadway.

In situ experimental study on TBM excavation with high-pressure water-jet-assisted rock breaking

China’s first high-pressure hydraulically coupled rock-breaking tunnel boring machine(TBM) was designed to overcome the rock breaking problems of TBM in super-hard rock geology, where high-pressure water jet system is configured, including high-flow pump sets, high-pressure rotary joint and high-pressure water jet injection device. In order to investigate the rock breaking performance of high-pressure water-jet-assisted TBM, in situ excavation tests were carried out at the Wan’anxi Water Diversion Project in Longyan, Fujian Province, China, under different water jet pressure and rotational speed. The rock-breaking performance of TBM was analyzed including penetration, cutterhead load, advance rate and field penetration index. The test results show that the adoption of high-pressure water-jet-assisted rock breaking technology can improve the boreability of rock mass, where the TBM penetration increases by 64% under the water jet pressure of 270 MPa. In addition, with the increase of the water jet pressure, the TBM penetration increases and the field penetration index decreases. The auxiliary rock-breaking effect of high-pressure water jet decreases with the increase of cutterhead rotational speed. In the case of the in situ tunneling test parameters of this study, the advance rate is the maximum when the pressure of the high-pressure water jet is 270 MPa and the cutterhead rotational speed is 6 r/min. The technical superiority of high-pressure water-jet-assisted rock breaking technology is highlighted and it provides guidance for the excavation parameter selection of high-pressure hydraulically coupled rock-breaking TBM.

Dynamic effects of high-pressure pulsed water jet in low-permeability coal seams

Mine gas extraction in China is difficult due to the characteristics such as micro-porosity,low-permeability and high adsorption of coal seams.The pulsed mechanismof a high-pressure pulsed water jet was studied through theoretical analysis,experimentand field measurement.The results show that high-pressure pulsed water jet has threedynamic properties.What's more,the three dynamic effects can be found in low-permeabilitycoal seams.A new pulsed water jet with 200-1 000 Hz oscillation frequency andpeak pressure 2.5 times than average pressure was introduced.During bubble collapsing,sound vibration and instantaneous high pressures over 100 MPa enhanced the cuttingability of the high-pressure jet.Through high-pressure pulsed water jet drilling and slotting,the exposure area of coal bodies was greatly enlarged and pressure of the coal seamsrapidly decreased.Therefore,the permeability of coal seams was improved and gas absorptionrate also decreased.Application results show that gas adsorption rate decreasedby 30%-40%and the penetrability coefficient increased 100 times.This proves that high-pressurepulsed water is more efficient than other conventional methods.

Discussion on Anti-Seepage Technologies in the Construction of Small-Scale Rural Water Conservancy Projects

In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application significance of small-scale rural water conservancy projects and the analysis of anti-seepage technologies,along with specific examples,this paper specifically discusses the application of high-pressure jet technology,so as to provide reference for the development of engineering construction.

热喷涂基体表面前处理技术的研究进展

热喷涂涂层与基体机械咬合的结合机理决定了基体表面前处理是热喷涂涂层中非常重要的处理工艺。文中概述了当前广泛应用的喷砂处理的工艺特点,指出砂粒易在基体表面镶嵌和对基体造成损伤是喷砂工艺的主要缺点,讨论了喷砂对高温合金单晶材料和超高强钢疲劳性能的影响,研究了软质基体表面超音速火焰喷涂WC涂层的免喷砂工艺。同时介绍了近年来其他热喷涂基体表面前处理方面的研究热点,包括高压水射流处理技术、机械粗化技术以及激光表面前处理,并重点阐述了其基本原理、特点及应用情况。

水力喷砂射孔机理实验研究

根据材料冲蚀磨损理论和磨料射流切割原理 ,对利用水力喷砂射孔技术切割套管和近井地层岩石的机理及其影响因素进行了分析。在实验室条件下进行了水力喷砂射孔地面模拟实验 ,并在胜利油田现场进行了施工工艺设计和试验。实验结果表明 ,在压力为 2 3～ 2 4MPa的条件下 ,水力喷砂射孔能有效地穿透套管并在天然砂岩上射出直径 30mm以上、深达 780mm的孔眼 ,现场试验证实水力喷砂射孔油井增产效果明显。水力喷砂射孔增产的机理主要是解除近井地带污染 ,松弛密实圈 ,避免炮弹射孔的压实污染 ,增加地层渗透率并扩展油流通道。

高压水喷砂除鳞技术的研究与应用

金属表面的氧化物会造成深加工质量问题,用酸洗去除氧化物的传统方式存在污染环境、成本高等诸多弊端。对高压水喷砂除鳞、酸洗除鳞等多种除鳞方式进行了对比分析,从技术和经济的角度,讨论了采用高压水喷砂除鳞技术替代酸洗除鳞的可行性。阐述了高压水喷砂除鳞的原理、系统方案和应用情况,对高压水喷砂除鳞的发展和应用前景进行了展望。

水射流切槽定向聚能爆破模型及数值模拟研究

提出了基于高压水射流切槽的定向聚能护壁爆破新方法,理论上分析了护壁材料对冲击波的削弱作用并推导出其应力波传播公式,分析了射流缝附近冲击波的叠加效应,并结合热激活理论和微裂纹成核理论,得出爆炸初期微裂纹主要分布在射流缝附近及其端部,而在爆炸中后期,爆生气体的准静态压力场对裂纹的持续扩展起主导作用,并在护壁材料、炸药聚能槽和射流缝的激励机制作用下,根据裂纹扩展模型得出射流缝附近及其端部的裂纹扩展最长;最后,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件并采用ALE算法对其进行数值模拟,其效果与理论模型基本相符:损伤区域在射流缝方向上明显大于护壁材料保护方向,裂纹在聚能和射流缝方向发育最长。

建(构)筑物机械拆除方法综述

介绍了几种常用的建(构)筑物机械拆除方法,对其工作原理、特点、应用条件及局限性加以分析和说明。

高压水射流深穿透射孔增产机理研究

高压水射流技术是切割破岩、清洗除锈、油田增产的新技术。在分析钻井侵入带和常规聚能射孔压实带对油井产量影响的基础上 ,探讨了高压水射流定向深穿透射孔的油井增产机理。研究结果表明 ,采用高压高速射流技术 ,可以切割破岩、减轻近井地带应力集中和穿透近井污染带 ,其结果可以使油井获得增产增注。

高炉冷却器结垢及高压水射流清洗技术

高压水射流清洗技术是通过喷嘴把高压水转变为具有高能量的水射流，对金属表面进行处理。采用这一技术对高炉冷却壁水管进行清洗，可去除水垢，降低管道粗糙度，从而改善冷却壁传热条件，减少阻力损失，延长高炉冷却壁寿命。此法可取代传统酸洗法，设备简单、效率高、费用低、无污染。

冰粒水射流除锈实验研究

应用后混合磨料水射流原理,用冰粒水射流进行了除锈实验研究。冰粒直径为0.5～1 mm,冰粒温度为-15～-50℃,除锈喷嘴内径为1.5 mm,除锈工件为锈蚀的碳素钢板。研究表明,通过水射流引导的冰粒射流,除锈效果明显。试验参数如工作压力、横移速度、喷射靶距、冰粒流量等对除锈效率和除锈比能耗有显著影响。其中,压力是影响除锈效率最重要的因素,在适当牺牲比能耗为代价的前提下,增加压力可提高除锈效率。

高压水射流螺旋式切槽辅助松动爆破模型

基于水射流独特的切割优势提出了高压水射流螺旋式切槽辅助松动爆破的新方法,实验研究了高压水射流切割煤岩体所形成缝槽的断口形貌并建立了其几何模型.在此基础上,基于断裂力学理论同时结合Westergaard方法,确定了复变函数,进而推导出爆生气体准静态作用下射流螺旋切槽孔的应力场公式,得到了射流螺旋切槽孔缝槽尖端应力强度因子计算公式,并分析了高压水射流切槽辅助松动爆破松动效应.最后,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对该模型进行了验证,结果符合较好.

瓦斯强化抽采措施的分析

根据国内外的研究与实验,目前主要的瓦斯抽采措施有:水力压裂、高压水射流扩孔、水力割缝、深孔控制预裂爆破和水力挤出等技术。对目前各种强化抽采措施进行了归纳总结与对比分析研究,对各种增透方法进行了进一步的研究,有助高效、合理地进行瓦斯治理和利用。

前混合磨料水射流喷丸强化技术

针对前混合磨料水射流喷丸强化技术的工作原理及其供料系统,比较出前混合磨料水射流与后混合磨料水射流喷丸技术之间的差异,从而确定了采用该技术的优越性。

水煤浆气流雾化的初次破裂特性

以水煤浆和空气作为实验介质,利用高速摄像仪对同轴双通道喷嘴水煤浆气流雾化的初次破裂过程进行了实验研究,重点考察了在喷嘴出口附近水煤浆的射流核心长度和振荡频率等特征。研究结果显示,实验中水煤浆的破裂模式为非轴对称雷利破裂模式,根据实验结果,得到了浆体的量纲1射流核心长度与气速和液速之间的关系式。雾化过程中浆滴的产生与水煤浆射流振荡有关,研究了其Strouhal数与Weber数和液体Reynolds数之间的关系。

高压水射流清洗及喷砂设备的研究分析

高压水射流技术作为近30年来发展起来的一门新技术,因其高效、节能、无污染等优点,在各行业得到了广泛的应用。文章结合具体项目,首先阐述了高压水射流技术的原理及相关参数,然后介绍了高压水射流系统的组成,最后对系统的设计进行了详细说明。

“聚能管+水沙袋”定向切割光面爆破新技术研究

通过使用研发的聚能管装药起爆,使炸药爆炸在聚能管内产生高速、高压、高能射流,形成气刃,通过聚能槽沿设计的巷道轮廓进行定向切割岩石,从而实现井巷工程光面爆破的目的,同时改进炮孔封堵材料,采用水沙袋替代传统的黏土炮泥,根据非牛顿流体原理,提高了炮孔封堵质量,进一步增强了光面爆破效果,研究成果可有效指导各类矿山巷道及地面岩石隧道爆破施工,另外矿山切顶留巷、卸压、及地面岩土边坡处理均可采用本技术。

高压水射流清洗及喷砂设备的研究分析

高压水射流技术作为近三十年来发展起来的一门新技术,因其高效、节能、无污染等优点,在各行业得到了广泛的应用。论文结合具体项目,首先阐述了高压水射流技术的原理及相关参数,然后介绍了高压水射流系统的组成,最后对系统的设计进行了详细说明。

平顶山矿区单一突出煤层瓦斯抽采新技术

介绍了平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存规律和瓦斯抽采技术体系,详细阐述了瓦斯抽采技术的研究及应用现状,包括高压水力压裂增透技术、高压水力冲孔防突技术、穿层深孔控制松动爆破防突技术、高压脉冲水射流钻割一体化增透技术、高压磨料射流割缝防突技术、分源抽采综合治理瓦斯技术、气润湿反转法提高瓦斯抽采率和地面钻井抽采技术,上述瓦斯抽采方法的应用有效提高了瓦斯预抽效率,对于煤层瓦斯含量≤10 m3/t、>10～15 m3/t、≥15 m3/t的突出煤层,瓦斯预抽率分别达>20%、>45%、>50%。