Eco-Friendly Selection of Diesel Generator Based on Genset-Synchro Technology for Off-Grid Remote Area Application in the North of Quebec

For most of their energy requirements, greater part of remote communities and small islands around the world rely on imported fossil fuels. The economical cost of energy is therefore very high not only due to inherent cost of fuel, but also due to transportation and due to maintenance costs. One solution for saving fuel in a diesel generator is to allow the engine to operate directly in relation to the request for electrical load at variable speeds. Genset-Synchro Technology has developed an innovative variable speed?generator technology (patent pending) that allows applications where power demand varies widely to benefit from the new technology that maintains constant voltage and frequency while adjusting the generator stator speed to power demand. This paper will present an innovative approach for optimizing the energy production based from the fact that the structure that contains the stator windings of the generator is mounted on roller bearings, which allows its free rotation around the axis of the rotor, consequently stopping the stator structure from being static and aims to minimize the unit cost of electricity. Case study on application in remote area in the north of Quebec is described. A saving of 7%?-?9% on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) under low winter ambient temperatures has been registered.

Inverter-Based Diesel Generator Emulator for the Study of Frequency Variations in a Laboratory-Scale Autonomous Power System

This paper presents the modeling, simulation and practical implementation of an inverter-based diesel generator emulator. The main purpose of this emulator is for the study of frequency variations in diesel-based autonomous power systems in a laboratory environment where the operation of a real diesel generator is not possible. The emulator basically consists in a voltage source inverter with a second order output filter which voltage references are given by the model of the diesel generator. The control of the emulator is based on the digital signal processor TMS320F2812, where the mathematical models of the diesel generator and the control of the inverter are computed in real-time. Parameters for the model were obtained from commercially available components. Experimental results for different values of speed droop showed that the emulator achieves a satisfactory performance in the transient and stationary response. For the stationary response, the measured frequency deviates from theoretical values with a mean absolute error of: 0.06 Hz for 0% droop, 0.037 Hz for 3% droop, and 0.087 Hz for 5% droop. For the transient response, the measured frequency nadir deviates from simulations in: 0.05 Hz for 0% droop, 0.02 Hz for 3% droop, and 0.1 Hz for 5% droop.

Performance Optimization of Diesel Generators Using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Rotating Stator

One of the solutions to reduce fuel consumption of diesel generators (DG) is to adapt the rotational speed to mechanical torque of the crankshaft. When load power decreases, a reduction in both mechanical torque and rotational speed of the diesel engine will maintain the combustion efficiency near the levels of the nominal regime. Accordingly, the generator itself should operate at a variable speed which normally requires power electronics converters. In this paper, we are exploring a new generator concept that uses a stator rotating in opposite direction to the rotor such as the relative velocity between the two components remains constant when diesel engine slows down. The stator itself is driven by a compensator synchronous motor (CM) such as the relative velocity of the rotor is constant, eliminating as such sophisticated power electronics. The model developed for the synchronous machine with a rotating stator is based on Park’s transformation. This new concept was modelled using MATLAB software. Experimental analysis has been conducted using a 500-kW diesel GENSET equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The numerical and experimental results are in good agreement and demonstrate that fuel consumption is reduced with a rotating-mode stator for PMSG during low electrical loads.

Economic Assessment of Standby Diesel Generator for Peak Reduction in Commercial and Industrial Buildings:A Case Study in Malaysia

This paper outlines the barriers and potential benefits of using standby diesel generators in mitigating the peak demands for commercial and industrial customers. The feasibility of utilizing the standby diesel generators to reduce the electricity bills for customers is carried out by using the hybrid optimization model for electric renewable(HOMER)software. The size of the standby diesel generator and its operational duration are determined based on the lowest cost of electricity obtained from the evaluations. The economic assessments demonstrate that there is potential to reduce the electricity bills for commercial and industrial customers under the existing fuel price and tariffs. The commercial customers under the tariff C2 have the highest potential to save their electricity bills with the use of standby diesel generators for peak reduction. This study demonstrates the potential of the standby diesel generators in peak reduction.

A Review and Comparison on Recent Optimization Methodologies for Diesel Engines and Diesel Power Generators

The electrical instability that frequently distinguishes the isolated networks and depends on diesel generators to supply their energy requirements leads to an operation of the diesel generator in a transient dynamic condition and/or at low loads. In addition, extended operation of the diesel generator at partial load develops the condensation of combustion residues on the engine cylinder walls, which, after a certain time, increases friction, reduces the efficiency of the equipment and increases its fuel consumption. On the other hand, recent regulatory changes have led to ever more stringent and evolving emission standards. Among these, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have implemented emission standards in order to reduce exhaust gas emitted by marine diesel engines. To phase lower emission engines as soon as possible, a Tier system was adopted. This paper presents a literature review of existing technologies available to optimize the energy performance of diesel engines and diesel generators in order to reduce the cost of electricity, to increase the diesel engine efficiency and to decrease their fuel consumption and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The proposed optimization methodologies are based on the application of Pre-treatment, Internal treatment and Post-treatment technologies for diesel engines and on the application of mechanical and electrical technologies for diesel power generators (DPGs). The list of references given at the end of the paper should offer aids for students and researchers working in this field.

Noise Control Solutions for Diesel Generator Sets

A persistent challenge for Oman's energy infrastructure was the deafening rumble of diesel generators. The Silent Generator Project addressed this challenge, developing advanced generators that deliver power quietly and efficiently. Diesel generators have historically been notorious for being noisy and vibrational, making them unsuitable for sensitive environments. To dramatically reduce noise levels, the project utilized innovative materials and design modifications to ensure reliable and quiet electricity for various applications. In all directions, the project advanced the knowledge of noise reduction through rigorous testing and meticulous integration of insulators and mufflers. As a result, quieter, more sustainable energy production is on the way, marking a major advance in silent generator technology. Furthermore, the Silent Generator Project lays the foundation for more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel generator technologies in the future. As a result of this research, a new standard for quieter, greener energy generation is established, demonstrating the critical role noise reduction plays in energy generation. Additionally, this work also suggests future diesel generator technologies that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. As a result of this research, a new standard for quieter, greener energy generation is set, demonstrating the critical role noise reduction plays in energy generation.

Modelling and Implementation of Multi-source Isolated Microgrid Using Virtual Synchronous Generator Technology

To improve the living standards,economical efficiency and environmental protection of isolated islands,remote areas and other areas with weak electric power facilities construction,a multi-source independent microgrid system is studied,including diesel generators,photovoltaic power generation system,wind power generation system and energy storage unit.Meanwhile,in order to realize the voltage and frequency stability control of AC bus of multisource microgrid,the virtual synchronous generator technology is introduced into the energy storage unit,and the charge and discharge control of the energy storage battery are simulated as the control behavior characteristics of synchronous motors,so as to provide damping and inertia support for the microgrid.The operation mode and control principle of each energy subsystem are expounded and analyzed.The algorithm principle of virtual synchronous generator and the control method of energy storage unit are given.Then,the working modes of the microgrid system under different environmental conditions are analyzed,and the multi-source microgrid system simulation model is built based on MATLAB/Simulink.The simulation results show that the microgrid system can run stably under different working modes and the energy storage unit using the virtual synchronous generator technology can provide good voltage and frequency support for the microgrid system.Finally,experiments verify the supporting function of energy storage unit on the voltage and frequency of the microgrid system.

A method of parsing based on improving the electricity behavior and regulating excitation system of the diesel generating set in the nuclear power plant

This paper introduces an applicable test plan for emergency diesel generator in nuclear power plant. It advances improvement approaches with problems found during field commissioning test and its trouble-shooting processes. The method is based on the integration of complementary through, the extension theory of matter-element model and neural network theory combine to overcome a neural network to learn shelters, and other defects. The purpose of this paper is to provide the better running and commissioning experience for the similar emergency generator unit.

Hybrid PV/Wind/Diesel Based Distributed Generation for an Off-Grid Rural Village in Afghanistan

Afghanistan has a tremendous resource potential of renewable energy especially solar and the wind. Therefore, utilization of these resources has a special rule for the remote areas where access to the electrical grid or secure power supply is a dream for most of the people. This paper presents a feasibility and usefulness of hybrid power generation based on PV/wind/diesel generator for an off-grid rural village that feeds the load at a rate of average 7.9 kWh/day with 1.32 kW peak load. GsT （geospatial toolkit） is used to obtain the solar and wind data of the site. Windographer software is used to analyze the wind resource data of the site. HOMER Pro software package is used to select the suitable and reliable hybrid generation system and calculate the optimal capacities and costs of the components. Through the study, it is found that this state of the art adaptation could provide vast opportunities for off-grid rural communities such as in Afghanistan where enough high penetration of renewable energy is available.

Supercharging of Diesel Engine with Compressed Air: Experimental Investigation on Greenhouse Gases and Performance for a Hybrid Wind-Diesel System

Supercharging is the process of supplying air for combustion at a pressure greater than that achieved by natural or atmospheric induction, as applied to internal combustion engines. As a consequence of demonstrated technological, economical and energetic advantages in multiple literature evaluations concerning the large scale wind-compressed air hybrid storage system with gas turbines, the utilization of a hybrid wind-diesel system with compressed air storage (HWDCAS) has been frequently explored. These will mainly have average or small scale application such as the powering of isolated sites. It has been proven in numerous studies that the HWDCAS combined with an additional supercharging of the diesel engines will contribute to the increase of the power and efficiency of the diesel engine, the reduction of both fuel consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). This article presents the obtained results from experimental validation of the selected design with an aim to valorize this innovative solution and become trustworthy.

Performance of a Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System with STATCOM as a Reactive Power Compensator

The paper deals with automatic reactive power control of an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. The power is generated by diesel engine and wind turbine as prime movers with electrical power conversion by permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and permanent-magnet induction generator (PMIG) respectively. The mathematical model of the system developed is based on reactive power flow equations. The paper investigates the dynamic performance of the hybrid system for 1% step increase in reactive power load with 1% step increase in input wind power.

Stability Enhancement of Small-Scale Power Grid with Renewable Power Sources by Variable Speed Diesel Power Plant

This paper proposes a power control method to improve a stability of a small-scale power grid with renewable energy sources. In an isolated small- scale power grid such as an island, diesel power plant is main power source which has an environmental burden and expensive running cost due to high priced fossil fuel. Thus, expanding installation of the renewable energy sources such as a wind power is strongly desirable. Such fluctuating energy sources, however, harm power quality of the small-scale power grid, and in addition, conventional power plant in the small-scale power grid cannot, in general, stabilize the grid system with such fluctuating power sources. In this study, Variable Speed Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (VS-DFIG) is proposed to be in-stalled at a diesel power plant instead of a conventional Fixed Speed Synchronous Generator (FS-SG), because quick control of a power balance in the small-scale power grid can be achieved by using the inertial energy of VS-DFIG. In addition, utilization of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is also considered to assist cooperatively the VS-DFIG control. As a result of the simulation analysis by using the proposed method, it is verified that frequency fluctuations due to renewable energy source can be effectively reduced by quick power control of the VS-DFIG compared to the conventional FS-SG, and further control ability can be obtained by utilizing BESS. Moreover, the transient stability of a small-scale power grid during a grid fault can also be enhanced.

Effect of <i>γ</i>-Valerolactone Blending on Engine Performance, Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Emissions in a Diesel Engine

γ-valerolactone (GVL) is a C5-cyclic ester that can be produced from biomass providing a potentially renewable fuel for transportation and feedstock for the chemical industry. Experiments were performed with fossil diesel (D), D + biodiesel (BD) and D + BD + GVL blends. A four-cylinder, turbocharged direct injection diesel engine was used for the tests. The engine was coupled to a dynamometer to vary the load. CO, NOx, THC and smoke emissions were measured by using a multi-channel gas analyzer. Combustion characteristics were assessed by in-cylinder pressure data with respect to crank angle and the derived heat release rates. Compared with D, and D + BD blends, addition of GVL had relatively little effect on engine performance and NOx emission, but reduced the exhaust concentration of CO, unburned fuel and smoke significantly. The smoke reduction is particularly notable in view of the very recent suggestion that black carbon is the second most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere next to carbon dioxide. No diesel engine study with GVL has been reported so far.

小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制方法仿真

为了降低发电机谐波含有率,提出一种小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制方法。通过多元经验模态分解(MEMD)预处理三相电流,对预处理的小功率柴油发电机电流信号展开多变量多尺度模糊熵(MMFE)变换处理,得到MEMD-MMFE熵值面积。根据熵值面积辨识谐波励磁涌流,获取异常和正常状态下的电流变化情况。分析谐波励磁原理对定子电流的特殊要求,在矢量六边形SVPWM调制的基础上研究三次谐波注入的调制策略,同时引入比例谐振控制完成小功率柴油发电机谐波励磁自动控制。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有良好的自动控制性能,上述方法控制下小功率柴油发电机中的谐波含有率得到明显改善。

基于融合数据增强的柴油机故障诊断方法

针对基于深度学习的柴油机故障诊断方法在训练样本数量匮乏时易发生过拟合并导致诊断准确率下降的问题,提出一种基于融合数据增强的柴油机故障诊断方法。利用融合数据增强方法扩充训练集中的故障样本:先将合成少数过采样技术(synthetic minority oversampling technology,SMOTE)和改进辅助分类器生成对抗网络(auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network,ACGAN)相结合,分两阶段进行样本生成;再通过K近邻算法(K-nearest neighbors,KNN)去除噪声生成样本。然后使用扩充后的训练集训练深度学习故障诊断模型,用于识别未知振动信号。经柴油机故障模拟试验实测信号验证,在仅用10个样本进行训练时,一维卷积神经网络(one-dimensional convolutional neural network,1DCNN)能达到90.21%的故障诊断准确率,且所提融合数据增强方法在不同深度学习模型上均能提高故障诊断准确率。

超高层建筑综合体消防负荷供配电系统设计

结合现行国家、行业及地方规范、标准,对超高层建筑综合体的消防负荷供配电系统、柴油发电机选择等设计方法及设计要点进行详细探讨。

APPLICATION OF GENERAL SYSTEM CAD ON ENGINES

Using modern design theory and methods comprehensively, this paper investigates a model of parameterization of engine general plan design (PEGPD). On the basis of engineering database, parametric drawing of longitudinal and cross section of engine can be obtained from this mode. The model is significant for improving the efficiency and quality of engine general system design. (Author abstract) 6 Refs.

基于模型预测控制的双机组混合动力船舶能量管理研究

[目的]船舶柴电混合动力系统合理分配柴油机和电机输出功率,可大幅降低油耗和排放。针对传统混合动力能量管理策略的性能最优与运算实时的矛盾,提出采用模型预测控制(MPC)进行能量管理瞬时优化。[方法]首先,利用反向建模法搭建由双柴油发电机组、储能系统、岸电组成的客渡船混合动力系统能量流模型;然后,提出以油耗和电能消耗的总温室气体(GHG)排放为目标函数,在系统约束条件下可在线滚动优化求解的MPC能量管理算法,最终进一步进行了不同预测时域长度的灵敏度分析。[结果]仿真结果表明,MPC较传统规则控制方法可分别降低4.85%的燃油消耗量和3.54%的温室气体总排放。[结论]相比于传统的规则控制策略,MPC油耗低,温室气体排放少,且计算负荷较小,具有良好的实船应用潜力。

某船柴油发电机组增压器振动分析与控制

本文针对某船柴油发电机组增压器振动过大的问题,通过实船测试排查,逐步找出增压器振动的具体原因,主要是增压器废气蜗壳固有频率与柴油发电机组发火频率吻合引起的共振。经过分析给出具体的振动控制措施,通过增加局部支撑强度、减小悬臂质量等措施改变增压器的固有频率。实船测试表明,增压器SD点振动烈度从101.5 mm/s降低到52.9 mm/s;LG点振动烈度从60.2 mm/s降低到35.7 mm/s,证明振动问题得到很好的解决,该研究分析有助于柴油发电机组增压器出现异常振动时的判断、识别以及治理。