Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Cost-benefit analysis of esophageal cancer endoscopic screening in high-risk areas of China

AIM:To estimate the cost-benefit of endoscopic screening strategies of esophageal cancer(EC)in high-risk areas of China. METHODS:Markov model-based analyses were conducted to compare the net present values(NPVs)and the benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)of 12 EC endoscopic screening strategies.Strategies varied according to the targeted screening age,screening frequencies,and follow-up intervals.Model parameters were collected from population-based studies in China,published literatures,and surveillance data. RESULTS:Compared with non-screening outcomes,all strategies with hypothetical 100 000 subjects saved life years.Among five dominant strategies determined by the incremental cost-effectiveness analysis,screening once at age 50 years incurred the lowest NPV(international dollar-I$55 million)and BCR(2.52).Screening six times between 40-70 years at a 5-year interval[i.e., six times(40)f-strategy]yielded the highest NPV(I$99 million)and BCR(3.06).Compared with six times(40)fstrategy,screening thrice between 40-70 years at a 10-year interval resulted in relatively lower NPV,but the same BCR. CONCLUSION:EC endoscopic screening is cost-beneficial in high-risk areas of China.Policy-makers should consider the cost-benefit,population acceptance,and local economic status when choosing suitable screening strategies.

Territorial suitability assessment and function zoning in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area

An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km^2, 44 km^2, 1591 km^2 and 7512 km^2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites.

Reflections on the New Classification of Tumors by the WHO and Changes in Esophageal Cancer in a High-risk Area

ABSTRACT In year 2000, a book entitled the Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Digestive System was published by the WHO, presenting some new diagnostic criteria and treatment principles. I have analyzed the epidemiologic change of tumors in over 30 years in the high-risk area with esophageal cancer. The following phenomenon was found： accompanied by the sharp decrease in the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, there was an increase in the incidence and death rate of stomach cancer involving cardiac cancer. This fact should be considered when analyzing the sharp decrease in esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rate. More attention was given to diagnosis of cardiac cancer; at the same time it is more practical to improve the early screening of cancers. To observe the development of high and low - grade intraepithelial neoplasms will be an urgent task for esophageal cancer research in the high risk area, according to WHO＇s new classification.

Land Remediation Projects in Poverty-stricken Counties in Tibetan Areas Promoting Poverty Alleviation——A Case Study of Songpan County,Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in the four provinces of China,one of the concentrated areas in China. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of land consolidation in Songpan County to promote poverty alleviation and development through specific cases. The results show that land remediation has improved agricultural production conditions,promoted agricultural efficiency,increased farmers' income,improved rural living conditions,promoted the development of urban and rural integration,improved the ecological environment,solved the problem that restricts the survival and development of poverty-stricken areas,enhanced the ability of farmers to develop themselves,raised the level of civilization in rural areas,and promoted poverty alleviation and development. The poverty alleviation and development has provided certain financial support for land remediation. It has promoted land remediation,and pointed out key directions for land remediation. It has an indirect promotion effect on land remediation.

Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Surplus Labor Transfer in Poverty-stricken Areas: A Case Study of Yimatu Town in Fuxin City

From the microscopic point of view,taking the surplus labor transfer in the Yimatu Town area as study object,we conduct survey of characteristics and transfer of rural surplus labor in Yimatu Town,through questionnaires and field interviews.Then we analyze the main factors influencing surplus labor transfer in rural areas from the personal characteristics of labor forces and family factor of labor forces.The results show that gender,age,educational level,farmland management days and other factors pertaining to the labor forces all affect the transfer of surplus labor, but the size and extent of the impact vary.In accordance with various influencing factors,we put forward recommendations for promoting the effective transfer of surplus labor in rural areas as follows:first,paying equal attention to macroscopic factors and microscopic factors influencing the transfer of surplus labor;second,focusing on the factors concerning the rural households and individual farmers,to find out the factors influencing the rational transfer;third,shifting the employment concept of surplus labor in rural areas;fourth,speeding up the construction of small towns and developing the secondary and tertiary industries.

Attitudes toward income inequality:perspectives from farmers living in a poverty-stricken rural area of China

The attitude of the least advantaged people to income inequality is important in regard to social stability,which is also a major concern of the government and researchers in China.This paper aimed to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of the least advantaged people toward income inequality in China.An empirical analysis was conducted on farmers' attitudes to income inequality based on a questionnaire survey of 308 farmers in four villages in Yingshan,Hubei Province.Our results show that the respondents consider the income inequality as severe,and ability,hard work,and individual choices are the major determinant factors of income.It is shown that farmers in less developed areas are more likely to accept income inequality,and they ascribe this to their own failure rather than to social injustice.However,it is not the case that people living in poverty-stricken areas are satisfied with antipoverty policies;and these policies are expected to be further improved to increase the income of the poor.

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Poverty-Stricken Areas in Hebei Province

This paper takes poverty-stricken countyas the basic unit, and selects net income per peasantto study the poverty status in Hebei Province during1986~2000.Temporal and spatial changes of poverty-stricken areas are analyzed. The result shows thatpoverty-stricken areas in Hebei Province distributedconcentratedly and the areas decreased during1986~2000, the net income per peasant was on therise with an increasing speed in off-poverty countiesbeing slightly higher than that in poverty-strickencounties, but the growth rate was extremely unstable,rising slowly in off-poverty counties while droppingin poverty-stricken counties. The main driving forcesthat influenced temporal and spatial changes wereeconomic development of the whole province,ecological environment quality, infrastructureconditions and radiation of the key city. On thisbasis, some anti-poverty countermeasures suitable tolocal conditions are proposed.

How to Quickly Cast off Poverty in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Areas Relying on the "Whole Village Advancement" Model?

We carry out a field survey on the implementation of the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model in Lisizhuang Village,Shunping County,Hebei Province.Based on the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model,we put forth the following recommendations:(i)Oriented by the market,fostering the function of"blood-refreshing";(ii)Strengthening the new ideas of using projects to attract investment;(iii)Implementing the new strategy of"driven by the able person";(iv)Improving the farmers'quality;(v)Adhering to the diversification of financing channels.

Multi-level Cooperation and Complementary Advantage Poverty Alleviation Model in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Tibetan Areas:A Case Study of Songpan County in Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,it belongs to a concentrated poverty-stricken area in China.Through summarizing the specific conditions of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model in Songpan County,this paper analyzed the effect of this model.Through the analysis on the cooperative poverty alleviation model(eastern-western cooperation,provincial targeted assistance,county-wide"four-leading and four-assistance"inner-party assistance,social force"10000 enterprises helping 10000 villages",and"visiting every household and keeping every person busy"),it summarized the implementation and actual results of each level.In addition,it summarized the problems encountered in the implementation process of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model and came up with recommendations.With the aid of this successful multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,Songpan County has achieved a decisive victory in the fight against poverty.At the end of April 2019,the poverty rate in the whole region fell to 0.45%,and it successfully took off the poverty hat.This paper analyzed and refined the specific practice,main achievements,successful experience,implications and reference significance of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,to provide necessary references for innovation of poverty alleviation model in poverty-stricken Tibetan areas,or even other similar provinces and regions.

From anti-poverty to revitalization: Exploring the path of sustainable development in poverty-stricken areas

On the basis of analyzing the internal logic of rural revitalization and targeted poverty alleviation, it has made a path analysis of the decision-making to overcome poverty and effectively strengthen the rural revitalization. Grasping the internal unity of Marxism and the socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, profoundly expounding the 'comprehensive' rural revitalization and 'concentration'targeted poverty alleviation, 'long-term' rural revitalization and 'stage' targeted poverty alleviation, and'active' rural revitalization Corresponding to the 'passive' targeted poverty alleviation, it corresponds to the philosophical logic of the materialist dialectic, the law of the unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality, and the law of negation of negation. It points out the path of targeted poverty alleviation work under the rural revitalization strategy: scientifically compiling the functional spatial planning of poor rural areas;party building leads the transformation of concepts;industrial development is expanding in depth;and public services are advancing to market.

The Building of New Countryside in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Area: A case of Hongyan Village,Haizijie Township of Bijie City

The essential drive of building a new countryside lies in scientific and technological innovation. Through expounding the scientific and technological demonstration benefits and roles of new countryside building in poverty-stricken mountainous area,the major problems and hardships of new countryside building in poverty-stricken area are analyzed and the new breakthroughs which should be focused on during the building of a new countryside are put forward. These breakthroughs include transforming the philosophy and approach of rural work; highlighting the construction of rural operation mode and rural socialized service system,and improving the quality of rural labors.

Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Extreme Poverty-stricken Areas in Western China: A Case Study of Targeted Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Awang Town,Dongchuan District

Poverty alleviation through employment promotion is to promote the poor households to get rid of poverty through promoting employment to increase income. It is the most effective and direct way out of poverty. Dongchuan District, located in the alpine valley area of northeastern Yunnan, is a typical extreme poverty-stricken county in China. Under its jurisdiction, Awang Town is a mountainous township with a wide area of poverty and an extreme poverty. The incidence of poverty in 2015 reached 35.39%. In recent years, through the implementation of various policies to combat poverty, combined with the advantages as a traditional "hometown of migrant labor", focusing on employment- promoting poverty alleviation work, Awang Town has made certain achievements in poverty alleviation work. By the end of 2018, the poverty rate in the town fell to 0.57%, marking a major victory in the town s fight against poverty. Through field investigations, this article summarizes the main practices of Awang Town to carry out employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation, analyzes the poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of the town s employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation work and discusses the promotion and application of this model so as to provide reference Yunnan Province and other poverty-stricken areas to carry out employment-promoting poverty alleviation.

甘南地区儿童青少年近视筛查与矫正情况分析

目的:了解甘肃省甘南地区儿童青少年近视筛查与矫正情况,为近视的防控提供指导依据。方法:采用横断面分层整群抽样研究,抽取甘肃省甘南地区合作市和舟曲县2所幼儿园及12所中小学,每个年级随机抽取2个班,以整班为单位进行筛查,收集儿童青少年近视筛查及矫正情况进行统计学分析。结果:共抽取儿童青少年5072人,剔除不合格记录后,最终纳入有效数据4806例。总体近视患病率为45.55%,近视患病率随着年级的升高而呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),女生的近视患病率(48.66%)高于男生(42.18%)(P<0.001)。近视患病率随年龄增长呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),10-12岁为近视增长最快的年龄段,由25.62%增长至60.57%。随着年级的升高,中度近视和高度近视均呈现上升趋势(均P<0.001)。甘南地区总体戴镜率为28.55%,足矫率为50.72%,戴镜率随着学段升高呈现上升趋势(P<0.001),女生戴镜率(30.84%)高于男生(26.69%)(P=0.008)。初中学段低、中、高度近视的足矫率均为3个学段中最低。在各个学段中,高度近视的足矫率均最低。结论:甘南地区儿童青少年近视患病率低于全国平均水平,但仍呈低龄高发趋势,近视的戴镜率及足矫率均较低。

E-commerce Development Strategies of Agriculture-related Enterprises in Earthquake Area

The problems existing in the development of agriculture-related enterprises in earthquake area are evaluated,as well as the prominent issues existing in the process of developing E-commerce,consequently,the corresponding strategies for developing E-commerce in agriculture-related enterprises are proposed.

易地扶贫搬迁民族互嵌社区的空间生产与社会结构优化路径研究

易地扶贫搬迁是一种以空间换生存发展的扶贫举措。随着易地扶贫搬迁民族社区从原有的传统村落转移至新的移民集中安置点,面对与原有社区不同的新空间,社区各民族通过不断地调整与适应,逐渐改变了原有的空间结构、互动关系、社会秩序、表象认知和网络社会形态,进而再生产出一个新空间。在新的移民社区,各族群众空间上交错杂居,在日常的生产生活实践中,通过生产上的合作共事、生活中的相互往来、人际关系中的交流互动、社区公共事务的共同参与等,形成各族群众在经济、政治、社会、文化、心理等层面全方位的社区互嵌,进而在易地扶贫搬迁民族社区构建起互嵌式社会结构和社区环境。在治理实践中,社区通过合理规划经营物理空间,打造互嵌式社会结构与社区环境;积极培育型塑社会空间,促进各民族交往交流交融;着力引导构建表象空间,铸牢中华民族共同体意识;持续加强创新网络空间,建设民族社区治理共同体。

共同富裕背景下经济强省脱贫地区常态化帮扶的财政政策研究——以江苏省为例

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的重要特征。江苏经济实力整体较强,但区域差距依然存在,苏北脱贫地区已经成为江苏协调区域均衡发展、实现共同富裕的明显短板。财政是国家治理的重要支柱,是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果和实施乡村振兴战略的重要基础,也是实现农村治理体系和治理能力现代化的物质保障。近年来,江苏通过各项财政帮扶政策支持苏北脱贫地区的发展,取得了显著成效,但同时也存在发展目标不明确、财政资金投入保障机制不完善、“造血”能力不足、资金使用效率有待提高等问题。对此,建议明确苏北脱贫地区发展目标、完善财政资金多元投入保障机制、增强脱贫地区和脱贫人口“造血”能力、提升财政资金管理水平和使用绩效。

安徽省大别山连片特困区林业扶贫效率评价——基于超效率SBM-Malmquist指数模型

利用安徽省2014—2020年面板数据,结合超效率SBM和Global Malmquist指数模型对安徽省大别山连片特困区12个县林业扶贫的时间和空间效率进行评价,结果显示,安徽省12个县林业扶贫效率较高,且大部分县的林业扶贫效率呈上升趋势;技术效率进步是全要素生产效率提高的主要带动因素;林业经济效率较高的地区,绿化和生态环境建设较好;12个县的林业扶贫效率存在差异,影响因素各异。提出开展特色林业产业扶持,挖掘林业发展的多维潜力;提高林业扶贫技术和规模效率,优化配置林业科技发展要素;科学利用林业扶贫模式,提升林业产业的内生可持续发展;合理规划林业产业资源,努力实现生态保护与巩固脱贫成果的双赢。

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Deep Poverty-stricken Villages in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Poverty Alleviation in the Green Prickleyash Planting Industry in Laopingzi Village,Luquan County

Industrial poverty alleviation is the core of poverty alleviation in rural areas of China,and it is the fundamental way for the rural poor to achieve stable income and poverty alleviation. Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan County,Kunming County,Yunnan Province,located in the dry-hot valley area of Jinsha River,has become a typical deep poverty-stricken village due to its special natural conditions.In recent years,in the battle to win the fight against poverty,the people of Laopingzi Village have achieved a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment and an access to get rid of poverty and get rich through vigorously developing green prickleyash planting industry. By the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty in Laopingzi Village Committee dropped from 45. 62% in 2014 to 1. 11%,and the green prickleyash planting industry had achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation. This article summarizes the specific practices of developing the green prickleyash planting industry in the village,analyzes the main results and successful experiences of the mode and discusses the inspiration of the implementation of green prickleyash cultivation on industrial poverty alleviation,so as to provide an effective practical example for the development and poverty alleviation of poverty-stricken areas.

Land Use Regionalization in Poor Counties in Mountainous Areas Based on Targeted Poverty Alleviation

Land use regionalization is a strategic measure for the rational use,management and protection of land resources based on local conditions.Based on the needs of targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy and the analysis on the natural and socioeconomic conditions,characteristics of land resources,and the current status of land use in Luquan County,corresponding regionalization indices were selected from four aspects:economic environment conditions,socioeconomic conditions,land resources and land use structure,and poverty alleviation and development level,a scientific and feasible index system for land use regionalization was constructed,and land use in Luquan County was regionalized by using systematic cluster analysis method.The results show that the 16 townships(towns)of Luquan County were divided into four land use regions,poverty alleviation region for development of new town and characteristic industries in the southwest(I),agricultural development and ecological poverty alleviation region in central mountainous area(II),poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic agriculture and tourism towns in eastern plateau mountainous area(III),and poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic industries and protection of land economy in the northern alpine valley area(IV).In addition,suggestions were put forward for the rational use of land in each region.