CUTTING FORCES FOR HIGH-SPEED DRILLING OF COMPOSITES

The thrust and the torque of various carbide drills are studied for the high-speed drilling of fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The orthogonal experiment is carried out with different feed speeds at high rotation speed. Experimental results show that the spindle rotation speed is the most influential factor. The thrust andthe torque decrease under the condition of high rotation rate. With the decrease of the feed speed, the thrust and the torque decrease. But the effect of the feed speed is less than that of the spindle rotation rate. Moreover, the effect of drill materials on the thrust and the torque is more notable than that of the drill geometries and the feed speed. The thrust is greatly affected by the feed speed while the torque is obviously affected by drill geometries.

Upgrading, Transforming, and Standardizing of Offshore Oil Drilling Equipment in China

This paper discusses the development of China's oil exploration & drilling equipment, and it focuses mainly on the domestication, industrialization, and standardization of fixed offshore drilling rigs primarily constructed by CNOOC. Considering the manufacturing of and application of deepwater drilling equipment in China, the authors put forward suggestions regarding industry policies and the standardization of China's offshore engineering equipment.

Evaluation of the local inflammatory stress response and pain mediator secretion after impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator

Objective: To study the local inflammatory stress response and pain mediator secretion after impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator. Methods: Patients who received impacted wisdom tooth extraction in the First People's Hospital ofYunnan Province between March 2014 and June 2017 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the observation group who accepted impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator and the control group who accepted impacted wisdom tooth extraction with traditional chisel. The contents of inflammatory mediators, stress mediators and pain mediators in gingival crevicular fluid were measured before surgery and 3 days after surgery. Results: Three days after surgery, PTX3, ICAM1, MPO, PGE2, PPARγ, ROS, MDA, 5-HT, CGRP, SP, Gal and ATP contents in gingival crevicular fluid of both groups were higher than those before surgery whereas GPx and T-AOC contents were significantly lower than those before surgery, and PTX3, ICAM1, MPO, PGE2, PPARγ, ROS, MDA, 5-HT, CGRP, SP, Gal and ATP contents in gingival crevicular fluid of observation group were lower than those of control group whereas GPx and T-AOC contents were significantly higher than those of control group. Conclusions: The impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator can reduce the local inflammatory stress response and inhibit the secretion of pain mediators.

Development of track geometry inspection equipment for high-speed comprehensive inspection train in China

Purpose–This study aims to analyze the development direction of track geometry inspection equipment for high-speed comprehensive inspection train in China.Design/methodology/approach–The development of track geometry inspection equipment for highspeed comprehensive inspection train in China in the past 20 years can be divided into 3 stages.Track geometry inspection equipment 1.0 is the stage of analog signal.At the stage 1.0,the first priority is to meet the China’s railways basic needs of pre-operation joint debugging,safety assessment and daily dynamic inspection,maintenance and repair after operation.Track geometry inspection equipment 2.0 is the stage of digital signal.At the stage 2.0,it is important to improve stability and reliability of track geometry inspection equipment by upgrading the hardware sensors and improving software architecture.Track geometry inspection equipment 3.0 is the stage of lightweight.At the stage 3.0,miniaturization,low power consumption,self-running and green economy are co-developing on demand.Findings–The ability of track geometry inspection equipment for high-speed comprehensive inspection train will be expanded.The dynamic inspection of track stiffness changes will be studied under loaded and unloaded conditions in response to the track local settlement,track plate detachment and cushion plate failure.The dynamic measurement method of rail surface slope and vertical curve radius will be proposed,to reveal the changes in railway profile parameters of high-speed railways and the relationship between railway profile,track irregularity and subsidence of subgrade and bridges.The 200 m cut-off wavelength of track regularity will be researched to adapt to the operating speed of 400 km/h.Originality/value–The research can provide new connotations and requirements of track geometry inspection equipment for high-speed comprehensive inspection train in the new railway stage.

The characteristics of recycling gas drilling technology

Recycling gas drilling is a new drilling technology. This paper can be divided into three parts, with the purpose of introducing and analyzing the characteristics of this new technology. First, the major equipment characteristic of this technology was introduced. Secondly, compared with conventional gas drilling, Angel＇s model was used to analyze the wellbore flow characteristics. Due to the closed loop and the effect of back pressure caused by the equipment, the gas flow rate decreases dramatically during drilling. Apart from this, it is also found that the kinetic energy at the casing shoe is always smaller than that at the top of the collar. The proposing of the drilling limit concept points out the basic difference between the two gas drilling technologies. Lastly, according to the results of the theoretical analysis, gas supplement operations for the wellbore must be conducted. Thus, two gas supplement schemes are presented in this paper, to provide some guidance for field operations.

Research on Vibration Properties of the Drill-punch Mechanism for Taphole Drill

A new type taphole drill was designed. The vibration properties of them drill-punch mechanism for the new type taphole drill were researched, the laws of its inherent characteristics were found. The measures to add punch amplitude and to reduce traverse vibration were put forward. The result showed that decreasing the frequency of vibration motors or increasing the stiffness of springs, and increasing excitation force can improve the vibration properties of the properties of the drill-punch mechanism.

钻探设备结构原理及金刚石钻进虚拟仿真实验系统建设与实验教学实施

为解决地质工程专业课程实验教学设备结构庞大复杂、难以真实体现、实验费用高和安全风险大的实验教学难题,基于计算机虚拟仿真技术构建钻探设备结构原理及金刚石钻进虚拟仿真实验系统,开发地质工程专业课程的虚拟仿真实验教学项目,包括钻探设备与钻具结构原理和拆装实验、绳索取心金刚石钻进的交互操作实验。实践表明,虚拟仿真实验系统的交互性好,可解决地质工程专业课程真实实验教学的难题,提高大学生的实践能力和创新能力,为地质工程专业创新型人才的培养提供实验教学的新模式。

高海拔铁路隧道斜井机械化配套与快速施工

为解决高海拔高寒地区斜井施工存在气压低、含氧量低、温差大、严寒干燥等问题,以某高海拔铁路隧道斜井工程为背景,结合围岩等级、断面大小、海拔高度,根据斜井施工机械化配套原则,提出高海拔陡坡长斜井机械化安全快速进洞施工工法,并选配超前支护、钻爆、装运、喷锚支护、衬砌等机械化作业线的成套设备。基于高度机械化的设备配套,提出“快挖、快运、快支”的高效施工技术以及各工序快速衔接工艺。以控制围岩变形为核心,构建一套积极干预加固围岩、注重早期支护并快速闭合的主动支护体系。结果表明:与普通钻爆法施工相比,采用三臂凿岩台车高度机械化配套施工效率高,月最快进尺为180 m,较人工钻爆法施工月进尺为130 m相比提高了近30%,施工质量稳定,作业人员投入少,且拱顶沉降和周边收敛均小于规范要求值,衬砌强度可靠,可实现高海拔小断面隧道“快挖、快支、主动支、快封闭”。

智能钻完井装备技术研究进展

我国已成功钻成万米以上超深井,在钻完井装备技术上有了更深入的突破,标志着我国在石油勘探开发领域迈出了重要的一步。当前,对提高钻井效率、保障安全性的迫切需求愈发凸显。智能钻完井技术凭借其高钻井效率和安全性的显著优势,成为解决这些挑战的核心技术。通过融合先进的自动化控制、实时数据监测以及机器学习技术三方面要素,可有效地优化钻井操作,提高作业效率,大幅提升钻完井的安全性。综述了智能钻完井装备技术的发展现状,提出了自动化控制、实时数据监测、机器学习技术三位一体的研究方法,重点分析了国内外智能钻头、智能导向工具、智能钻杆、智能滑套以及智能钻机等创新设备的发展历程与技术进步。建议未来通过人工智能、智能优化算法以及国内外合作等多极为支撑,实现智能钻完井装备技术三位一体的全面发展。

钻探设备国家一流课程建设与实践

为提高钻探设备课程的教学质量、培养地质工程专业创新型人才,根据钻探设备课程的特点、大学生的知识结构与学习特点,通过优化课程内容体系、更新教育理念、改进教学方法、加强课程思政教育,以及加强线上线下教学资源建设,提高课程的教学质量,提高创新型人才的培养质量。钻探设备课程成为国家首批线上线下混合式一流本科课程。

大型钻探设备支承底盘焊接工艺优化研究

大型支承底盘作为大型钻探设备的支承平台,通常由大量钢板通过焊接装配而成,焊接残余应力和残余变形会对底盘的强度和刚度产生一定的影响。本文运用有限元分析方法,选取高斯移动热源,针对大型支承底盘中具有代表性的T形焊接接头建立了有限元模型,分别采用4种不同的焊接顺序和焊接速度,分析了其对焊接应力和变形的影响,得到了优化的焊接顺序和焊接速度。在此基础上,对底盘的整体焊接方案做出优化,对比分析了优化前后的焊接应力和变形,结果表明:优化后残余应力减少了约7%,最大变形减少了约26%。研究成果可为焊接工艺的制定提供参考。

井场智能化建设安全保障技术研究进展与发展趋势

油气钻采面临着作业周期长、地质环境复杂等难题,传统的油气钻采方式在降低钻井人员的工作强度和作业风险以及提高钻井作业效率等方面存在局限性。随着人工智能的发展,油气钻采趋于智能化作业模式,将在减少人员伤亡和能源行业产业升级方面发挥重要作用,可以有效解决油气钻采面临的难题。然而,井场智能化的建设会带来设备失去响应、响应顺序异常、系统复杂性增强等传统井场没有的新兴风险,急需在井场智能化建设中应用安全保障技术。我国对井场智能化建设安全保障技术的研究起步较晚,落后于井场智能化建设安全保障的现实需求。对国内外井场智能化建设安全保障技术的发展现状和需求进行分析,发现当前井场智能化建设安全保障技术存在设备可靠性不足、智能化程度不够和信息传输不稳定等问题。针对上述问题并根据“十四五”数字化发展规划纲要,井场智能化建设安全保障技术接下来需要在风险分析技术、可靠性评估技术和作业人机交互辅助技术等方面进一步发展。

中国深水钻井关键技术与装备现状及展望

随着陆上和浅水区域钻井技术日渐成熟,石油行业将研究重心转向深水区域,近10年全球重大油气发现70%来自海洋深水区域。深水钻井具有高风险、高技术、高投入的特点,其关键技术和装备是世界油气强国竞相角逐的技术制高点。随着在超深水、深层、远海“两深一远”区域勘探开发的持续推进,深水钻井需要面对深水、海况恶劣、浅层土质不稳定以及深层地质条件复杂等挑战。通过多方联合技术攻关和工程实践,中国已成功构建了具有国际竞争力的深水钻井技术与装备体系,包括深水钻井工程设计关键技术、深水钻井安全控制及高效作业技术、深水钻井关键装备。对相关成果进行了系统介绍,提出了融合人工智能和大数据技术创新钻井技术、加快工程地质一体融合、促进工程装备和软件研发、加强深远海钻井作业应急能力等建议,进一步推动深水油气勘探向深远海发展,实现深水钻井作业的安全高效和自主可控。

深井超深井钻井装备技术现状与发展趋势探讨

为助力我国深层超深层油气资源高效勘探开发,文章分析了深井超深井对钻井装备提出的挑战,论述了美国Nabors、斯伦贝谢和NOV等公司的自动化钻机、管柱自动化装备、储能节能与能源管理系统、司钻集成控制系统、智能决策与支持平台等7类产品的功能、特性;并对国内管柱自动化钻机、一键式人机交互7 000 m自动化钻机、12 000 m特深井自动化钻机、管柱自动化装备、储能节能与能源管理系统、司钻集成控制系统、钻井辅助决策与支持系统等产品发展和应用现状进行了阐述。通过技术对标分析得出:我国石油钻井装备取得了长足的进步,但从工程需求和应用上看还存在许多不足,与国外先进技术相比还有不小差距。建议国内各装备制造厂家顺应国家“碳达峰、碳中和”目标和数字化转型、智能化发展趋势,从参数强化、钻机全面自动化、装备运维数智化、司钻操控值守化和钻井作业绿色化等方面开展关键技术攻关。

掘锚机机载钻机姿态调整分析

探放水作业前后,前探钻机的部署需耗费大量时间。在掘锚机上装载超前钻探设备可减少设备部署时间,提高钻探效率。目前针对集掘、锚、探于一体的掘进机机组的研究大多聚焦于设备的结构设计及液压控制系统设计,对于不同结构间干涉特性的研究相对较少。分析了机载钻机姿态调整过程中的干涉情况,根据姿态调整时的几何位置关系,建立了掘锚机与机载钻机发生干涉时的数学模型,并推导出掘锚机与机载钻机发生干涉时的最大转角计算公式。以掘锚机和机载钻机发生干涉时的最大转角为指标,研究了掘锚机与机载钻机各个尺寸参数对机载钻机各个方向最大转角的影响。结果表明:(1)掘锚机龙骨倾角越大,机载钻机的俯仰调节角度越大,通过调节掘锚机龙骨能有效改变探水钻机工作时仰角的调节范围。(2)龙骨高度的变化对俯仰角的影响均很小,龙骨高度的变化不会影响俯角的变动,而对仰角的影响较大,且呈正比关系;龙骨连接绞耳到龙骨尾部长度的增大使俯仰角均增大,但对仰角的影响效果不明显。若要改动仰角,可优先考虑改变龙骨高度;若要改动俯角,可优先考虑改变龙骨连接绞耳到龙骨尾部长度。(3)当掘锚机龙骨护板间距越大,机载钻机的最大水平转角度越大,当增大到一定程度时,最大水平转角度不再受掘锚机龙骨护板间距增大的影响;当掘锚机龙骨护板间距大于某一值时,掘锚机支撑油缸中心距越大,机载钻机的最大水平转角度越大;掘锚机龙骨护板间距对机载钻机最大水平转角度的影响较掘锚机支撑油缸中心距大。(4)当机载钻机钻头后端宽度较小时,不影响最大水平转角;当机载钻机钻头后端宽度增大到某一值时,机载钻机钻头后端宽度越大,最大水平转角越小;当机载钻机钻头后端宽度小于某一值时,机载钻机钻头部分前端宽度越大,最大水平转角越小。实例验证结果表明:增大龙骨倾角、龙骨连接螺栓高度、龙骨高度、龙骨连接绞耳到龙骨尾部长度,并减小机载钻机钻头上缘与机载钻机框架连接绞耳的高度差、龙骨上护板长度,机载钻机的最大俯仰角得到了有效增加。

煤矿井下碎软煤层气动定向钻进技术与装备研究

【目的】我国煤层赋存地质条件复杂,碎软煤层分布广泛,高瓦斯和煤与瓦斯突出矿井众多,目前采用钻孔瓦斯抽采是防治瓦斯灾害的有效措施。碎软煤层常规回转钻进存在轨迹不可控、成孔深度浅、抽采盲区大,常规定向钻进卡埋钻事故多、成孔困难、钻进效率低等问题。【方法】系统阐述了煤矿井下碎软煤层钻进技术的发展历程与应用现状,研制了气动螺杆钻具、定向钻机、随钻测量系统、除尘泵车、空压机或制氮机、油雾润滑装置等组成的煤矿井下气动定向钻进装备,并配套开发了气动定向钻进工艺和筛管完孔技术等关键技术,解决碎软煤层定向钻进成孔难题,保障瓦斯抽采效果。利用该成套技术与装备在两淮、山西、贵州等地区煤矿进行的碎软煤层定向钻孔试验。【结果和结论】研究表明:(1)气动定向钻进技术是碎软煤层钻孔瓦斯治理的有效技术手段,其钻进深度普遍达到200 m以上,最大钻孔深度达607 m,且可有效控制钻孔轨迹在目标煤层中延伸,煤层钻遇率达90%以上。(2)现场试验表明,气动定向钻进成孔效果好、施工效率高,最大效率达到3 594 m/(台·月),有力推动气动定向钻进技术从小规模试验到大规模的工业化推广应用。结合此成套技术与装备的应用现状和煤矿安全高效生产对钻探技术装备的发展需求,提出煤矿井下气动定向钻进技术与装备的拓展应用方向以及向自动化、智能化和集约化方向发展的现实需求和必然趋势。

智能控压钻井关键技术研究进展与展望

随着油气勘探开发快速向深层、深水、非常规等复杂难动用领域发展,涌、漏、塌、卡等井下风险显著增加,亟需研发自动化程度更高、且具有智能化操控能力的精细控压钻井技术与装备,加速由半自动化、自动化到智能化的发展进程,实现早期精准复杂工况预测,更快、更准地控制并消除钻井风险。在调研国内外控压钻井技术与装备的智能化发展现状的基础上,阐述了智能控压在智能控制、数据采集与处理等装备方面,以及井下复杂深度学习识别方法、智能决策分析软件等关键技术的研究进展,试验初步验证了其显著的技术优势,但仍有待现场充分验证与完善。建议进一步加速控压钻井技术与智能技术的跨界融合,建立支撑复杂油气高效勘探开发的智能控压钻井技术体系,助力我国油气工程技术高水平自立自强。

精细控压钻井技术及装备研究进展

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