Study on 5G Application Scenarios in Intelligent High-Speed Railway

5G technology is indispensable for developing comprehensive perception and ubiquitous interconnection of intelligent high-speed railways(HSRs),and can be applied to many scenarios in intelligent construction,intelligent equipment,intelligent operation and in other fields.In order to promote the standardized application of 5G technology in intelligent HSRs in a scientific and orderly manner and to avoid redundant construction and wasteful investment,it is imperative to carry out a systematical top-level design of the application scenarios at the initial stage.To this end,after investigating and analyzing the 5G application demands in different aspects of HSRs and the general structure of the railway 5G network,this paper formulates an overall planning of 5G technology application scenarios and proposes solutions to some typical application scenarios in the intelligent HSR system,based on the architecture and requirements of the intelligent HSR system.

Motion stability of high-speed maglev systems in consideration of aerodynamic effects: a study of a single magnetic suspension system

In this study, the intrinsic mechanism of aerodynamic effects on the motion stability of a high-speed maglev system was investigated. The concept of a critical speed for maglev vehicles considering the aerodynamic effect is proposed. The study was carried out based on a single magnetic suspension system, which is convenient for proposing relevant concepts and obtaining explicit expressions. This study shows that the motion stability of the suspension system is closely related to the vehicle speed when aerodynamic effects are considered. With increases of the vehicle speed, the stability behavior of the system changes. At a certain vehicle speed,the stability of the system reaches a critical state, followed by instability. The speed corresponding to the critical state is the critical speed. Analysis reveals that when the system reaches the critical state, it takes two forms, with two critical speeds, and thus two expressions for the critical speed are obtained. The conditions of the existence of the critical speed were determined, and the effects of the control parameters and the lift coefficient on the critical speed were analyzed by numerical analysis. The results show that the first critical speed appears when the aerodynamic force is upward,and the second critical speed appears when the aerodynamic force is downward. Moreover, both critical speeds decrease with the increase of the lift coefficient.

Near-fault directivity pulse-like ground motion effect on high-speed railway bridge

The vehicle-track-bridge(VTB)element was used to investigate how a high-speed railway bridge reacted when it was subjected to near-fault directivity pulse-like ground motions.Based on the PEER NAG Strong Ground Motion Database,the spatial analysis model of a vehicle-bridge system was developed,the VTB element was derived to simulate the interaction of train and bridge,and the elasto-plastic seismic responses of the bridge were calculated.The calculation results show that girder and pier top displacement,and bending moment of the pier base increase subjected to near-fault directivity pulse-like ground motion compared to far-field earthquakes,and the greater deformation responses in near-fault shaking are associated with fewer reversed cycles of loading.The hysteretic characteristics of the pier subjected to a near-fault directivity pulse-like earthquake should be explicitly expressed as the bending moment-rotation relationship of the pier base,which is characterized by the centrally strengthened hysteretic cycles at some point of the loading time-history curve.The results show that there is an amplification of the vertical deflection in the girder's mid-span owing to the high vertical ground motion.In light of these findings,the effect of the vertical ground motion should be used to adjust the unconservative amplification constant 2/3 of the vertical-to-horizontal peak ground motion ratio in the seismic design of bridge.

Dynamic Analysis of High-Speed Boat Motion Simulator by a Novel 3-DoF Parallel Mechanism with Prismatic Actuators Based on Seakeeping Trial

In this study,we focused on a novel parallel mechanism for utilizing the motion simulator of a high-speed boat(HSB).First,we expressed the real behavior of the HSB based on a seakeeping trial.For this purpose,we recorded the motion parameters of the HSB by gyroscope and accelerometer sensors,while using a special data acquisition technique.Additionally,a Chebychev highpass filter was applied as a noise filter to the accelerometer sensor.Then,a novel 3 degrees of freedom(DoF)parallel mechanism(1T2R)with prismatic actuators is proposed and analyses were performed on its inverse kinematics,velocity,and acceleration.Finally,the inverse dynamic analysis is presented by the principle of virtual work,and the validation of the analytical equations was compared by the ADAMS simulation software package.Additionally,according to the recorded experimental data of the HSB,the feasibility of the proposed novel parallel mechanism motion simulator of the HSB,as well as the necessity of using of the washout filters,was explored.

ACCURATE DETECTION OF HIGH-SPEED MULTI-TARGET VIDEO SEQUENCES MOTION REGIONS BASED ON RECONSTRUCTED BACKGROUND DIFFERENCE

The paper first discusses shortcomings of classical adjacent-frame difference. Sec ondly, based on the image energy and high order statistic(HOS) theory, background reconstruction constraints are setup. Under the help of block-processing technology, background is reconstructed quickly. Finally, background difference is used to detect motion regions instead of adjacent frame difference. The DSP based platform tests indicate the background can be recovered losslessly in about one second, and moving regions are not influenced by moving target speeds. The algorithm has important usage both in theory and applications.

Running safety and seismic optimization of a fault-crossing simply-supported girder bridge for high-speed railways based on a train-track-bridge coupling system

Bridges crossing active faults are more likely to suffer serious damage or even collapse due to the wreck capabilities of near-fault pulses and surface ruptures under earthquakes.Taking a high-speed railway simply-supported girder bridge with eight spans crossing an active strike-slip fault as the research object,a refined coupling dynamic model of the high-speed train-CRTS III slab ballastless track-bridge system was established based on ABAQUS.The rationality of the established model was thoroughly discussed.The horizontal ground motions in a fault rupture zone were simulated and transient dynamic analyses of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupling system under 3-dimensional seismic excitations were subsequently performed.The safe running speed limits of a high-speed train under different earthquake levels(frequent occurrence,design and rare occurrence)were assessed based on wheel-rail dynamic(lateral wheel-rail force,derailment coefficient and wheel-load reduction rate)and rail deformation(rail dislocation,parallel turning angle and turning angle)indicators.Parameter optimization was then investigated in terms of the rail fastener stiffness and isolation layer friction coefficient.Results of the wheel-rail dynamic indicators demonstrate the safe running speed limits for the high-speed train to be approximately 200 km/h and 80 km/h under frequent and design earthquakes,while the train is unable to run safely under rare earthquakes.In addition,the rail deformations under frequent,design and rare earthquakes meet the safe running requirements of the high-speed train for the speeds of 250,100 and 50 km/h,respectively.The speed limits determined for the wheel-rail dynamic indicators are lower due to the complex coupling effect of the train-track-bridge system under track irregularity.The running safety of the train was improved by increasing the fastener stiffness and isolation layer friction coefficient.At the rail fastener lateral stiffness of 60 kN/mm and isolation layer friction coefficients of 0.9 and 0.8,respectively,the safe running speed limits of the high-speed train increased to 250 km/h and 100 km/h under frequent and design earthquakes,respectively.

Prediction of near-field strong ground motions for scenario earthquakes on active fault

A method to predict near-field strong ground motions for scenario earthquakes on active faults is proposed. First, macro-source parameters characterizing the entire source area, i.e., global source parameters, including fault length, fault width, rupture area, average slip on the fault plane, etc., are estimated by seismogeology survey, seismicity and seismic scaling laws. Second, slip distributions characterizing heterogeneity or roughness on the fault plane, i.e., local source parameters, are reproduced/evaluated by the hybrid slip model. Finally, the finite fault source model, developed from both the global and local source parameters, is combined with the stochastically synthetic technique of ground motion using the dynamic comer frequency based on seismology. The proposed method is applied to simulate the acceleration time histories on three base-rock stations during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Comparisons between the predicted and recorded acceleration time histories show that the method is feasible and practicable.

Simulation of Ground Motion at Guanting Reservoir Dam Based on the Scenario Earthquake in the Yanqing-Huailai Basin

Research at home and abroad shows that the simulation of ground motion using the 3D finite-difference method might be accurate and feasible. Based on related theories and methods,and using the wave velocity and density model of the crust in the Yanqing-Huailai Basin,this paper makes a simulation of ground motion at Guanting Reservoir Dam based on the scenario earthquake in the Yanqing-Huailai Basin. Comparative analysis shows that the results of 3D finite-difference simulation accord with those of the empirical formula. The parameters such as the velocity-time series of ground motion,PGV and frequency might be referred to for the analysis of seismic protection design of the dam's structure.

面向复杂交通场景的自动驾驶运动规划模型

针对现有自动驾驶运动规划方法存在未能有效利用长时间连续的时间特征以及在复杂交通场景中成功率低的问题,提出一种基于Transformer的复杂交通场景自动驾驶运动规划模型。该方法以GPT-2为基础模型,通过对离线强化学习进行时序建模,能够有效表征离线强化学习模型中车辆的状态、动作、奖励数据长时间的依赖关系,让模型能够更有效地从历史规划数据中学习,提高在复杂交通场景中规划的准确性和安全性。实验运用MetaDrive模拟器进行仿真测试,结果表明在汇入主路、进入环岛等复杂交通场景中取得了高达93%的成功率,比现有先进的行为克隆算法、策略约束算法、基于双延迟深度确定性策略的行为克隆算法的成功率分别高20、19、13个百分点,说明该方法相比对比方法能够更有效地从质量不高的数据集中学习驾驶策略,具有更好的泛化性能和鲁棒性。

给定地震场景下的随机地震动降维模拟

建立了一种可根据地震场景预测和模拟随机地震动加速度过程的降维模型。首先,挑选了1 766条实测强震记录,根据断层类型和场地类别进行了分组,并识别了各组地震动的演变功率谱参数;然后,基于地震场景参数和演变功率谱参数,训练了两者的高斯过程回归模型(GPRM),并采用K-fold交叉验证法,验证GPRM预测的有效性和精确性;最后,基于非平稳随机过程的谱表示法,通过引入随机函数的降维思想,实现了在给定地震场景下的随机地震动降维模拟。数值算例表明,预测的样本在频谱、峰值、强震持时等方面均与实测记录保持一致,体现了本文方法良好的工程适用性。这为地震动目标地区提供较为合理的人工地震动数据以及工程结构的随机地震反应分析与可靠性评价奠定了基础。

Motion visualization and estimation for flapping wing systems

Studies of fluid-structure interactions associated with flexible structures such as flapping wings require the capture and quantification of large motions of bodies that may be opaque. As a case study, motion capture of a free flying Manduca sexta, also known as hawkmoth, is considered by using three synchronized high-speed cameras. A solid finite element (FE) representation is used as a reference body and successive snapshots in time of the displacement fields are reconstructed via an optimization procedure. One of the original aspects of this work is the formulation of an objective function and the use of shadow matching and strain-energy regularization. With this objective function, the authors penalize the projection differences between silhouettes of the captured images and the FE representation of the deformed body. The process and procedures undertaken to go from high-speed videography to motion estimation are discussed, and snapshots of representative results are presented. Finally, the captured free-flight motion is also characterized and quantified.

Experimental Simulation and Analysis of the Yarn Motion Track in a Hairiness-Reducing Nozzle

A visible magnified and simulated nozzle was designed and installed on a winding machine according to the similarity principle of Reynolds number, to study the yarn motion track in hairiness-reducing nozzle. High-speed photography was used to observe the yam instantaneous motion state in the nozzle. The results show that the yarn motion track seems to be a cylindrical helix which is close to inner wall in the twisting chamber and kept the same with different technical parameters, such as diameter of the twisting chamber and jet pressure in orifices. According to simulation results and reasonable simplification, the motion track equation and the rotational equation of the yarn could be derived. The velocity of the swirl and hairiness is faster than that of the yarn balloon, so there is enough time for hairiness to be wrapped into the main body of yarn and hence the hairiness is reduced.

Use of Accelerators for Biomechanical Analysis of Walking Motion Aided by Wheeled Walking Frames

Walkers improve self-reliability. We examined the effectiveness of a newly developed wheeled walking frame for use by physically handicapped persons. Unstable gaits in walker users were analyzed by tri-axial accelerometers and a motion capture system. Several markers were placed on subjects＇ backs and legs. Subjects were requested to walk around a test course at a comfortable speed, while their motion was recorded by two high-speed video cameras. The activities performed on the test course comprised standing, normal walking, fast walking, and walking over a barrier. Any accidental falls were also recorded. We established the characteristic rules of gait motion using a walker. Furthermore, we demonstrated that gait characteristics are more conveniently extracted from acceleration sensors than from motion capture systems, since the sensors can be affixed to subjects for self-monitoring and goal achievements. The methods employing acceleration sensors are considered suitable for determining the average gait motions of elderly persons living in nursing homes, and can be used to evaluate walking motion before and aider rehabilitation.

无人船实时路径规划与编队控制仿真研究

安全和无碰撞导航是无人船正常航行的基础。通过Unity3D构建高保真的虚拟海洋环境,在无人船建模基础上,提出一种面向未知复杂环境的实时路径规划及编队控制方法。利用激光雷达获取的局部环境信息,在重规划的策略下,结合A-star以及航路抽稀方法完成实时局部路径规划。基于领航-跟随者策略与一致性方法进行编队控制,结合人工势场法完成多无人船的避障航行任务。在多种复杂地图上的仿真实验表明,该仿真系统具有较好的真实性和视觉效果,为无人船模拟试航提供了有效手段。同时,无人船群利用所提算法可以依次抵达预设航路点,自主变换队形实时避障,在工程应用中具有一定理论意义和实用性。

水陆两栖仿生机器人的研究及应用

水陆两栖仿生机器人具备水陆多工况下的运动能力,能够更好地完成复杂地形环境下的作业任务。文中概述了水陆两栖仿生机器人的发展背景、研究现状及主要应用。根据仿生借鉴程度的不同,将两栖仿生机器人分为模仿运动模式类和模仿运动结构类,分别介绍了国内外相关研究进展、分析了不同类型机器人的特点,阐述了水陆两栖仿生机器人的技术优势和典型应用场景。

溪洛渡拱坝设定地震及场地相关反应谱研究

合理确定地震动参数是高坝抗震安全评价的先决条件。基于《水电工程水工建筑物抗震设计规范》(NB 35047—2015)关于抗震设防类别为甲类的工程设计反应谱规定,本文开展了溪洛渡水电站设定地震及其场地相关反应谱研究。首先采用没有经过不确定校正的工程场地峰值加速度,确定了对场址地震动贡献最大的永善潜源,并在该区域内进一步确定设定地震;然后将发生概率最大的情景地震作为给定设防水准的设定地震;最后选用美国西部AS08反应谱预测方程,生成与设计地震和校核地震对应的场地相关反应谱。研究成果可为进一步开展基于真实动力工作性态的溪洛渡拱坝抗震研究提供基础,并可为同类工程抗震安全评价提供借鉴参考。

VR内容眩晕现象机理分析

VR业务的眩晕感作为显著因素之一,妨碍VR展现不同于传统视频娱乐的魅力。通过引入人类视觉系统和神经系统的特点,并结合前期工作,本文全面表述分析这一现象的复杂性。提出了对于眩晕现象的分类方法,推理分析了其触发场景和触发机理,并进一步分析了制作-服务-展现全流程中成为触发因素的若干特性指标。本文建立了一个可用于系统性解释VR眩晕感的分析框架。

Low-complexity iterative equalization for OTFS based on alternating minimization

To achieve robust communication in high mobility scenarios,an iterative equalization algorithm based on alternating minimization(AM)is proposed for the orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)system.The algorithm approximates the equalization problem to a convex function optimization problem in the real-valued domain and solves the problem iteratively using the AM algorithm.In the iterative process,the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced further based on the study of the cyclic structure and sparse property of the OTFS channel matrix in the delay-Doppler(DD)domain.The new method for OTFS is simulated and verified in a high-speed mobile scenario and the results show that the proposed equalization algorithm has excellent bit error rate performance with low complexity.

Influence of self-similar stresses on scenario earthquake construction:An example along the Tanlu Fault

As a famous deep and large fault in eastern China,the Tanlu Fault passes through Anhui,Jiangsu,and Shandong and into northeastern China.It is important to improve the understanding of seismic hazard assessments in areas near faults.We start a scenario earthquake simulation in the M7.5 earthquake potential area of the Xinyi-Sihong segment of the Tanlu Fault.The fault rupture length and width are constrained according to the scaling law of large intraplate earthquakes,the background normal stress is depth dependent,and the initial shear stresses are determined using trial and error by matching the earthquake magnitude.Considering the 120 km rupture length of the M7.5 earthquake,we compare the horizontal uniform stress model and self-similar stress perturbation model.Our findings reveal that the seismic source time function of the horizontal uniform stress model is similar to that of the Haskell model and that of the self-similar stress perturbation model is more similar to that of a real earthquake case.We compare the dynamic rupture simulation and ground motion results under four different stress conditions and find that the shorter the characteristic length of the self-similar function is,the rougher the initial stress.For the M7.5earthquake with an epicenter in the vicinity of Suqian,the Xinyi-Tancheng segment,which is located in the IX-intensity zone north of the epicenter,vibrates more strongly on the northern side than on the southern side due to the influence of the lowvelocity zone and the peak slip rate.The response spectra analysis at stations in the study area is useful for improving the earthquake resistance capability.

SNCK通信系统解调方案及性能分析

为了进一步完善SNCK无线通信系统,针对SNCK调制技术的实现模型,提出了SNCK信号的相干解调方案和Fr FT非相干解调方案.通过理论推导和MATLAB软件仿真分析,对两种不同解调方案下基于SNCK调制的无线通信系统的技术性能进行了对比.实验结果表明,相干解调技术在高斯白噪声信道下的误码率性能优于非相干解调技术,但非相干解调技术的信道适应能力要优于相干解调技术,并且这两种解调方案均具有良好的多普勒频移抑制能力和一定程度的抗多径衰落能力,可应用于高速率运动场景下的无线通信系统.