Current status and prospects of research on safety situation awareness of high speed railway operation environment

Purpose–The safety of high-speed rail operation environments is an important guarantee for the safe operation of high-speed rail.The operating environment of the high-speed rail is complex,and the main factors affecting the safety of high-speed rail operating environment include meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and external environmental hazards.The purpose of the paper is to elaborate on the current research status and team research progress on the perception of safety situation in high-speed rail operation environment and to propose directions for further research in the future.Design/methodology/approach–In terms of the mechanism and spatio-temporal evolution law of the main influencing factors on the safety of high-speed rail operation environments,the research status is elaborated,and the latest research progress and achievements of the team are introduced.This paper elaborates on the research status and introduces the latest research progress and achievements of the team in terms of meteorological,perimeter and external environmental situation perception methods for high-speed rail operation.Findings–Based on the technical route of“situational awareness evaluation warning active control,”a technical system for monitoring the safety of high-speed train operation environments has been formed.Relevant theoretical and technical research and application have been carried out around the impact of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and the external environment on high-speed rail safety.These works strongly support the improvement of China’s railway environmental safety guarantee technology.Originality/value–With the operation of CR450 high-speed trains with a speed of 400 kmper hour and the application of high-speed train autonomous driving technology in the future,new and higher requirements have been put forward for the safety of high-speed rail operation environments.The following five aspects of work are urgently needed:(1)Research the single factor disaster mechanism of wind,rain,snow,lightning,etc.for high-speed railways with a speed of 400 kms per hour,and based on this,study the evolution characteristics of multiple safety factors and the correlation between the high-speed driving safety environment,revealing the coupling disastermechanism ofmultiple influencing factors;(2)Research covers multi-source data fusion methods and associated features such as disaster monitoring data,meteorological information,route characteristics and terrain and landforms,studying the spatio-temporal evolution laws of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusions and external environmental hazards;(3)In terms of meteorological disaster situation awareness,research high-precision prediction methods for meteorological information time series along high-speed rail lines and study the realization of small-scale real-time dynamic and accurate prediction of meteorological disasters along high-speed rail lines;(4)In terms of perimeter intrusion,research amulti-modal fusion perception method for typical scenarios of high-speed rail operation in all time,all weather and all coverage and combine artificial intelligence technology to achieve comprehensive and accurate perception of perimeter security risks along the high-speed rail line and(5)In terms of external environment,based on the existing general network framework for change detection,we will carry out research on change detection and algorithms in the surrounding environment of highspeed rail.

High-speed railway and safety: Insights from a bibliometric approach

High-Speed Rail(HSR)systems represent a significant advancement in modern transportation.They offer rapid,efficient,and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional rail,air travel and road transportation.Even if highspeed trains appeared approximately in the middle of the previous century,several aspects concerning safety remain.This study aims to comprehensively review the scientific literature related to the safety issues of high-speed railways.A bibliometric analysis was carried out utilizing 2358 publications from the last two decades(2004-2023)to understand better the existing research on HSR and safety.Future trends and thematic areas of research are identified and analyzed.Chinese researchers and universities have led the total number of current publications related to the context of HSR safety.While most of the publications come from Chinese institutions,a significant international collaboration can be identified.The main areas of research on HSR and safety can be classified into four main clusters based on the keywords co-occurrence analysis and are related to risk management,structural dynamics and resilience in railway systems,geotechnical engineering and tunnelling and maintenance technologies.Researchers and policymakers can use the results of this study to better understand the dynamics of scientific research in the field of highspeed railways and safety and make decisions about future directions and funding priorities.

Operational Safety Assessment of a High-Speed Train Exposed to the Strong Gust Wind

The operational safety characteristics of trains exposed to a strong wind have caused great concern in recent years.In the present paper,the effect of the strong gust wind on a high-speed train is investigated.A typical gust wind model for any wind angle,named“Chinese hat gust wind model”,was first constructed,and an algorithm for computing the aerodynamic loads was elaborated accordingly.A vehicle system dynamic model was then set up in order to investigate the vehicle system dynamic characteristics.The assessment of the operational safety has been conducted by means of characteristic wind curves(CWC).As some of the parameters of the wind-train system were difficult to measure,we also investigated the impact of the uncertain system parameters on the CWC.Results indicate that,the descending order of the operational safety index of the vehicle for each wind angle is 90°-60°-120°-30°-150°,and the worst condition for the operational safety occurs when the wind angle reaches around 90°.According to our findings,the gust factor and aerodynamic side force coefficient have great impact on the critical wind speed.Thus,these two parameters require special attention when considering the operational safety of a railway vehicle subjected to strong gust wind.

Running safety assessment method of trains under seismic conditions based on the derailment risk domain

The accurate assessment of running safety during earthquakes is of significant importance for ensuring the safety of railway lines.Currently,assessment methods based on a single index suffer from issues such as misjudgment of operational safety and difficulty in evaluating operational margin,making them unsuitable for assessing train safety during earthquakes.Therefore,in order to propose an effective evaluation method for the running safety of trains during earthquakes,this study employs three indexes,namely lateral displacement of the wheel–rail contact point,wheel unloading rate,and wheel lift,to describe the lateral and vertical contact states between the wheel and rail.The corresponding evolution characteristics of the wheel–rail contact states are determined,and the derailment forms under different frequency components of seismic motion are identified through dynamic numerical simulations of the train–track coupled system under sine excitation.The variations in the wheel–rail contact states during the transition from a safe state to the critical state of derailment are analyzed,thereby constructing the evolutionary path of train derailment and seismic derailment risk domain.Lastly,the wheel–rail contact and derailment states under seismic conditions are analyzed,thus verifying the effectiveness of the evaluation method for assessing running safety under earthquakes proposed in this study.The results indicate that the assessment method based on the derailment risk domain accurately and comprehensively reflects the wheel–rail contact states under seismic conditions.It successfully determines the forms of train derailment,the risk levels of derailment,and the evolutionary paths of derailment risk.

Running safety and seismic optimization of a fault-crossing simply-supported girder bridge for high-speed railways based on a train-track-bridge coupling system

Bridges crossing active faults are more likely to suffer serious damage or even collapse due to the wreck capabilities of near-fault pulses and surface ruptures under earthquakes.Taking a high-speed railway simply-supported girder bridge with eight spans crossing an active strike-slip fault as the research object,a refined coupling dynamic model of the high-speed train-CRTS III slab ballastless track-bridge system was established based on ABAQUS.The rationality of the established model was thoroughly discussed.The horizontal ground motions in a fault rupture zone were simulated and transient dynamic analyses of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupling system under 3-dimensional seismic excitations were subsequently performed.The safe running speed limits of a high-speed train under different earthquake levels(frequent occurrence,design and rare occurrence)were assessed based on wheel-rail dynamic(lateral wheel-rail force,derailment coefficient and wheel-load reduction rate)and rail deformation(rail dislocation,parallel turning angle and turning angle)indicators.Parameter optimization was then investigated in terms of the rail fastener stiffness and isolation layer friction coefficient.Results of the wheel-rail dynamic indicators demonstrate the safe running speed limits for the high-speed train to be approximately 200 km/h and 80 km/h under frequent and design earthquakes,while the train is unable to run safely under rare earthquakes.In addition,the rail deformations under frequent,design and rare earthquakes meet the safe running requirements of the high-speed train for the speeds of 250,100 and 50 km/h,respectively.The speed limits determined for the wheel-rail dynamic indicators are lower due to the complex coupling effect of the train-track-bridge system under track irregularity.The running safety of the train was improved by increasing the fastener stiffness and isolation layer friction coefficient.At the rail fastener lateral stiffness of 60 kN/mm and isolation layer friction coefficients of 0.9 and 0.8,respectively,the safe running speed limits of the high-speed train increased to 250 km/h and 100 km/h under frequent and design earthquakes,respectively.

Research on Operation Safety of Urban Rail Transit Based on Automatic Ticket Checking(AFC)System

At present,after the actual inspection of the rail transit automatic ticket checking system,some security vulnerabilities have appeared,and there are also some defects in information security.For example,the database and virus protection need to be analyzed and upgraded in order to cope with the increasing number of information security risks.This article analyzes the security problems in the AFC system,and puts forward related suggestions and solutions,hoping to provide some reference for technical developers.

Evaluation and optimization analysis of high-speed rail network structure in Northeast China under the background of northeast revitalization

The construction of high-speed rail(HSR)network has promoted the social-economic ties of cities,accelerated the compression of time and space,and changed the pattern of regional development.In this paper,with the adoption of the operation frequency data of HSR from 12306 website,and based on the HSR connection strength model and social network analysis model,as well as according to the HSR connection strength,HSR network density,centrality,agglomeration subgroup,and other indicators,we analyzed the characteristics of HSR network structure in Northeast China.Results show that the number of HSR cities in Northeast China is small,cities in HSR network generally exhibit weak connectivity,and the existence of HSR network marginalizes cities such as Ulanhot,Baicheng,and Songyuan,which significantly reduce the overall network connectivity of Northeast China.The overall centrality of HSR network in Northeast China is characterized by“one axis,four edges”;specifically,the one axis is located in Harbin-Dalian transportation line and the four edges are located on both sides of the main axis of Harbin-Dalian transportation line.Eight agglomeration subgroups(four double city subgroups and four multi city subgroups)have formed in Northeast China.The core status of Shenyang in HSR network is improved significantly,and“one axis and two wings”HSR network in Liaoning Province is improved significantly.With the gradual expansion of Chaoyang-Fuxin,Dandong-Benxi,and Jilin-Yanji branch networks,the“point axis”HSR network mode in Northeast China has gradually developed and matured.In the future,it is recommended to rely on eight agglomerating subgroups to encrypt HSR network structure,create secondary node central cities,and gradually build a new pattern of opening up in Northeast China.

基于组合赋权-可拓云的城市轨道交通线路运营安全评价

为解决城市轨道交通运营安全评价指标缺乏时效性和部分安全评价模型忽略评价等级的模糊界限等问题,重新构建城市轨道交通线路的运营安全评价指标体系,包括员工对传染性疾病防控措施的执行力度、相关单位的配合程度、防控设备的完备程度等新指标;其次运用基于离差最小化的最优最劣法(BWM)和反熵权法对各指标进行组合赋权;然后应用可拓云确定城市轨道交通线路运营安全评价等级;最后以上海地铁17号线为例进行实例分析。结果表明:上海地铁17号线运营安全评价各指标的各级云关联度低于0.5且置信度高于0.99,其中,人员因素、线路因素、管理因素的置信度均为1,仅设备因素的置信度为0.998;结合每个二级指标的灵敏度值分析,得出车站运营设备的可靠性对线路实际运营安全影响最大;在实际运营中,乘客对车站传染性疾病防控的配合程度越高,对综合评价的提升也越大;该评价指标体系和评价模型能够准确地反映城市轨道交通线路运营安全水平,且更加适用于目前城市轨道交通线路的运营情况。

城市轨道交通线网客流管控系统设计及实现

为提高轨道交通运营企业抵御大客流风险的能力,设计研发城市轨道交通线网客流管控系统。面向客流调度员的实际业务需求,设计管控方案管理、方案智能编制、方案预评估、方案后评估等4项核心功能,通过动态客流分配、客流控制算法等技术,对线网级客流进行科学化、智能化、全流程管理。该系统已在北京地铁试点应用,应用表明,该系统弥补了既有经验式管理的不足,提高了客流安全风险防控水平,能够为智能化运营管理提供技术支持。

基于主成分分析法的城轨运营安全评价指标体系研究

研究城轨运营事故的分布特征和致因机理,对保障运营安全、制定安全管控措施具有重要意义。本文针对1970—2022年国内外425例城轨运营事故,对比分析运营事故的发生原因及时间分布特征。基于致因机理并结合主成分分析法,构建城轨运营安全评价体系,提出基于博弈论的组合权重评价方法,并以1990—2022年我国274例运营事故数据为例,结合专家打分情况,从宏观角度分析我国城轨运营安全状况。研究结果表明:引发运营事故的原因包括人员因素、设备因素和环境因素,其中国内和国外由设备原因导致的运营事故占比最高,分别为65%、56%,1月、3月、7月、8月和12月为事故频发月份,与客流高峰月份相同;组合赋权法既考虑客观统计数据中的信息量,又结合主观专家的经验积累,其评价结果与统计结果相差较小,证明评价方法的可行性。

城轨GOA4级全自动运行系统运营风险闭环控制方法研究

GOA4级全自动运行(FAO)技术在我国城市轨道交通的快速发展中得到了广泛应用,由于取消了司机的现场把控,如何通过有效的技术和管理手段保障全自动运行系统在异常情况下的运营安全是一个非常重要的问题。结合全自动运行系统的特点,并借鉴欧洲铁路标准中系统安全的实践理论,提出基于运营场景进行风险识别、风险评估、安全需求分析,以及从技术和管理角度进行风险闭环控制的方法,对提升城市轨道交通全自动运行安全预警和动态管控能力,实现降本增效具有一定的指导意义。

桥墩沉降下齿轨-超大坡度桥梁系统适应性及安全性研究

我国规划了多条含有超大坡度桥梁的齿轨铁路线路,随着服役时间增长,桥墩沉降问题难以避免,易造成齿轨结构局部应力过大,严重时还会导致连接螺栓断裂,威胁齿轨系统的安全性和稳定性。针对该问题,详细考虑齿轮-齿轨非线性啮合行为、轮轨非线性接触行为以及桥墩沉降等复杂因素,建立桥墩沉降下齿轨车辆-齿轨(轨道)-超大坡度桥梁系统耦合动力学模型,研究列车通过时桥墩沉降对齿轨垂/纵向变形、应力、加速度以及连接螺栓应力的影响,最终提出山区大坡度齿轨铁路桥墩沉降安全控制值。研究表明:在齿轮齿轨啮合作用和轮轨作用等多荷载综合作用下,桥墩沉降极有可能导致齿轨连接螺栓发生断裂;当桥墩沉降量达到6.76 mm时,连接螺栓剪切应力达到其许用剪切强度235 MPa,可能发生断裂,严重威胁结构稳定性和行车安全;齿轨结构应力远小于齿轨抗拉强度;齿轨最大变形量可达桥墩沉降量的140%;齿轨振动主频位于70~80 Hz;桥墩沉降对连接螺栓应力和齿轨变形的影响较为显著,而对齿轨振动、应力的影响较小。

长轨运输车极小半径曲线运行安全性分析

长轨运输车运载长钢轨通过半径R为65 m的极小半径曲线段时,由于曲线半径极小和长钢轨通过曲线段时对车辆产生支反力的共同影响,车辆的运行安全性差。为确保所设计的长轨运输车能安全通过该曲线段进行轨道作业时,首先对长轨运输车的曲线通过能力进行理论分析,然后计算所运载的长钢轨对车辆产生的支反力,建立长轨运输车动力学仿真模型,计算长轨运输车空载、重载低速动态通过曲线段的运行安全性指标,并叠加支反力后依据《铁道特种车辆和轨行机械动力学性能评定及试验方法》(GB/T 17426—1998)进行安全性评定,最后通过实车试验验证理论计算和仿真分析。结果表明:所设计的长轨运输车有通过R65 m极小半径曲线段的能力,其重载工况动态通过该曲线段时的极限速度高于空载工况,且长轨运输车空载、重载以5~15 km/h速度动态通该曲线段时运行安全性能良好,具有一定的安全裕值,满足实际轨道作业的速度需要。

城市轨道交通运营安全管理因素与优化对策

随着城市轨道交通系统的不断扩展和运营密度的逐渐提升,运营安全管理的复杂性也逐渐增加。由于城市轨道交通的独特性和多元性,确保其安全运营面临很多挑战。为提高我国城市轨道交通系统的安全性和可靠性,必须对轨道交通的安全管理进行深入探讨,提出并实施针对性的解决措施,从而保障轨道交通系统的顺畅和稳定运行。

城市轨道交通地面专家诊断系统研究

基于现代互联网计算机技术、大数据平台的快速发展,智能化应用渗透到各个领域,设计出一种以无线通信和互联网为基础,以车载无线通信平台、地面监控数据分析处理平台为核心,具有高频大数据实时上传、通道高安全性传输、故障实时智能诊断分析等技术特点的城市轨道交通地面专家诊断系统。地面专家诊断系统在北京15号线应用实施,实现了全国城市线网监控、城轨车辆关键部件状态在线监视、数据管理、故障诊断分析、健康状态评估和关键子部件寿命预测模型的应用与管理,汇集了车辆数据及地面智能综合检测平台的检测数据,实现了车辆关键部件状态的可视化、评估智能化,满足厂内数据中心平台建设的要求,为全寿命周期管理提供决策建议,最终达到适用不同用户检修维护的需求。该系统不仅提升了车辆运行的数字化水平,提高了列车风险预知能力,保障了车辆运行安全,也提高了检修效率,大大降低了检修成本。

城市轨道交通全自动运行线路车辆基地的安全防护关键技术及应用

[目的]现阶段城市轨道交通全自动运行线路车辆基地的安全防护能力与全自动驾驶技术匹配度不高,未能最大限度发挥全自动运行技术在智能运维中的优势,需结合运营场景来分析安全防护的关键技术。[方法]通过总结城市轨道交通全自动运行系统的运营场景分类,并基于车辆基地的安全防护需求,梳理出相应的安全防护关键技术。[结果及结论]车辆基地的安全防护需求为断送电防护、区域防护、入侵报警防护和综合调度显示。相应的安全防护关键技术为自动断送电技术、库区整体防护技术、作业区域防护技术、区域防入侵技术、列车接近报警技术和综合调度显示技术。结合成都、深圳和无锡等城市的全自动运行线路车辆基地应用实例,探讨安全防护方面存在的不足,并提出加快智能安全防护技术的深入研发和应用推广建议。

基于多源监测传感设备的运营轨道隧道安全分析

外部施工对轨道控制保护区影响较大,单一的测量机器人监测无法满足规范及控制工程风险要求。因此,采用多类型传感器,结合有限元理论分析,多维度监测运营轨道交通结构,达到满足规范及控制风险的目的。本文以重庆某运营轨道线路控制保护区项目为例,详细介绍了自动化全站仪、高精度激光测距仪、静力水准仪、裂缝计等多类型监测传感器在工程项目的实际应用,通过无线网关采集数据,运用粗差剔除、曲线拟合及多维数据融合技术,弥补了单一传感器信息的不足,提高了运营轨道交通隧道监测的准确性和可靠性。

基于情景融合的全自动运行系统危害分析技术

为提高城市轨道交通全自动运行(fully automatic operation,FAO)系统的安全性,本文从FAO系统运维的角度,提出一种基于情景融合的FAO系统危害分析技术。该技术通过场景要素识别,融合生成FAO应用场景后,综合选取等比例分配法、先验信息分配法或组合逻辑分配法,采用半定量安全完整性等级(safety integrity level,SIL)分配技术完成核心子系统功能安全指标分配,解决传统功能故障模式影响及危害性分析(failure mode,effect and criticality analysis,FMECA)对多系统功能SIL分配存在局限性的问题,为后续FAO系统线路的危害分析及SIL分配工作提供参考。

基于SEM-CM模型的城市轨道交通运营安全评价研究

城市轨道交通是公共交通中的重要组成部分,确保运营安全平稳有序是城市轨道交通行业的重要职责。针对目前研究城市轨道交通运营安全的诸多模型中,存在的主观性较强,缺乏客观数据支撑问题,引入结构方程(SEM)结合云模型(CM),构建城市轨道交通运营安全评价模型,从设施设备、管理层面、人为因素、自然环境4个方面构建评价指标体系,通过SPSS、Amos软件运用结构方程对各项指标数据进行信效度检验及适配度分析,挖掘出数据内部的重要特征后得出相应权重。然后,计算出各指标的云模型数字特征,使用Matlab软件绘制出云图,进行结果对比分析。以贵阳市城市轨道交通为例,得出最后结论表明该模型能更好消除主观性,与实例的实际运营情况相符。

轨旁安全平台维护检测子系统的设计

轨旁安全平台是一种通过SIL4级欧标认证的通用安全计算机系统,基于该平台开发的区域控制器、线路控制器、无线闭塞中心等信号产品已成功应用于多个轨道交通项目。为方便现场信号产品的配置管理、运行监控和故障分析,开发了该平台的维护用工具软件—维护检测子系统。该工具软件可用于产品交付前完成配置数据设置和软件版本检查;提供运行监控和实时报警功能,便于现场运维人员掌握设备运行情况;具备完善的日志记录与便捷的日志导出功能,显著提高了现场信号系统运行数据采集效率,便于产品研发人员追溯现场问题发生过程,精准定位故障。维护检测子系统采用MVC设计模式,将数据采集报文的接收、解析与界面显示逻辑相分离,程序易于维护、扩展性强,可根据信号产品个性化需求灵活定制用户界面,以及增加对新协议的支持。维护检测子系统为现场信号系统的稳定运行发挥着着保驾护航的作用,也可作为实验室内信号产品测试和调试的工具。