Switching Frequency Improvement of a High Speed on/off Valve Based on Pre-excitation Control Algorithm

The high-speed on/off valve(HSV)serves as the fundamental component responsible for generating discrete fluids within digital hydraulic systems.As the switching frequency of the HSV increases,the properties of the generated discrete fluid approach those of continuous fluids.Therefore,a higher frequency response characteristic of HSV is the key to ensure the control accuracy of digital hydraulic systems.However,the current research mainly focuses on its dynamic performance,but neglect its FRC.This paper presents a theoretical analysis demonstrating that the FRC of the HSV can be enhanced by minimizing its switching time.The maximum switching frequency(MSF)is mainly determined by opening dynamic performance when HSV operates with low switching duty ratio(SDR),whereas the closing dynamic performance limits the MSF when HSV operates with high SDR.Building upon these findings,the pre-excitation control algorithm(PECA)is proposed to reduce the switching time of the HSV,and consequently enhance its FRC.Experimental results demonstrate that PECA shortens the opening delay time of HSV by 1.12 ms,the closing delay time by 2.54 ms,and the closing moving time by 0.47 ms in comparison to the existing advanced control algorithms.As a result,a larger MSF of 417 Hz and a wider controllable SDR range from 20%to 70%were achieved at a switching frequency of 250 Hz.Thus,the proposed PFCA in this paper has been verified as an effective and promising approach for enhancing the control performance of digital hydraulic systems.

Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

Study on wear characteristics and authorized limits of switch rails of high-speed turnout

Purpose-It is quite universal for high-speed turnouts to be exposed to the wear of the stock rail of the switch rail during the service process.The wear will cause the change of railhead profile and the relative positions of the switch rail and the stock rail,which will directly affect the wheel-rail contact state and wheel load transition when a train passes the turnout and will further impose serious impacts on the safety and stability of train operation.The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for wear management of high-speed turnout.Design/methodology/approach-The actual wear characteristics of switch rails of high-speed turnouts in different guiding directions were studied based on the monitoring results on site;the authorized wear limits for the switch rails of high-speed turnout were studied through derailment risk analysis and switch rail strength analysis.Findings-The results show that:the major factor for the service life of a curved switch rail is the lateral wear.The wear characteristics of the curved switch rail of a facing turnout are significantly different from those of a trailing turnout.To be specific,the lateral wear of the curved switch rail mainly occurs in the narrower section at its front end for a trailing turnout,but in the wider section at its rear end when for a facing turnout.The maximum lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a trailing turnout is found on the 15-mm wide section and is 3.9 mm,which does not reach the specified limit of 6 mm.For comparison,the lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a facing turnout is found from the 35-mm wide section to the full-width section and is greater than 7.5 mm,which exceeds the specified limit.Based on this,in addition to meeting the requirements of maintenance rules,the allowed wear of switch rails of high-speed turnout shall be so that the dangerous area with a tangent angle of wheel profile smaller than 43.68 will not contact the switch rail when the wheel is lifted by 2 mm.Accordingly,the lateral wear limit at the 5-mm wide section of the curved switch rail shall be reduced from 6 mm(as specified)to 3.5 mm.Originality/value-The work in this paper is of reference significance to the research on the development law of rail wear in high-speed turnout area and the formulation of relevant standards.

Development of High-Speed On-Of Valves and Their Applications

With the widespread application of the computer and microelectronic technology in the industry,digitization becomes the inevitable developing trend of the hydraulic technology.Digitization of the hydraulic components is critical in the digital hydraulic technology.High-speed on-of valves(HSVs)which convert a train of input pulses into the fast and accurate switching between the on and of states belong to widely used basic digital hydraulic elements.In some ways,the characteristics of the HSVs determine the performance of the digital hydraulic systems.This paper discusses the development of HSVs and their applications.First,the HSVs with innovative structures which is classifed into direct drive valves and pilot operated valves are discussed,with the emphasis on their performance.Then,an overview of HSVs with intelligent materials is presented with considering of the switching frequency and fow capacity.Finally,the applications of the HSVs are reviewed,including digital hydraulic components with the integration of the HSVs and digital hydraulic systems controlled by the HSVs.

Development of an ε-type actuator for enhancing high-speed electro-pneumatic ejector valve performance

A novel ε-type solenoid actuator is proposed to improve the dynamic response of electro-pneumatic ejector valves by reducing moving mass weight. A finite element analysis (FEA) model has been developed to describe the static and dynamic operations of the valves. Compared with a conventional E-type actuator, the proposed ε-type actuator reduced the moving mass weight by almost 65% without significant loss of solenoid force, and reduced the response time (RT) typically by 20%. Prototype valves were designed and fabricated based on the proposed ε-type actuator model. An experimental setup was also established to investigate the dynamic characteristics of valves. The experimental results of the dynamics of valves agreed well with simulations, indicating the validity of the FEA model.

TEST METHOD OF HIGH-SPEED ON-OFF VALVE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

According to the valve port features of high speed on-off valve and its actions, the valve port can be simplified into an a-type half bridge construction. A method that tests the dynamic characteristics of the high speed on-off valve by the output pressure signal of the a-type half bridge is proposed. Having analyzed the factors related to the dynamic characteristics of an a-type half bridge, a rule for designing the outlet chamber＇s volume is worked out. According to the rule, a test stand is built to test the self-developed high-speed on-off valve. From the test results, it can be seen that with the outlet chamber＇s volume controlled by the rule the rise time of the pressure signals driven by signals with different frequencies changes very little. The test results conform to the simulation results, which nroves the correctness of the method.

Investigation into the Independent Metering Control Performance of a Twin Spools Valve with Switching Technology-controlled Pilot Stage

In hydraulic area,independent metering control(IMC)technology is an effective approach to improve system efficiency and control flexibility.In addition,digital hydraulic technology(DHT)has been verified as a reasonable method to optimize system dynamic performance.Integrating these two technologies into one component can combine their advantages together.However,few works focused on it.In this paper,a twin spools valve with switching technologycontrolled pilot stage(TSVSP)is presented,which applied DHT into its pilot stage while appending IMC into its main stage.Based on this prototype valve,a series of numerical and experiment analysis of its IMC performance with both simulated load and excavator boom cylinder are carried out.Results showed fast and robust performance of pressure and flow compound control with acceptable fluctuation phenomenon caused by switching technology.Rising time of flow response in excavator cylinder can be controlled within 200 ms,meanwhile,the recovery time of rod chamber pressure under suddenly changed condition is optimized within 250 ms.IMC system based on TSVSP can improve both dynamic performance and robust characteristics of the target actuator so it is practical in valve-cylinder system and can be applied in mobile machineries.

Measurement of trace nitrate concentrations in seawater by ion chromatography with valve switching

An ion chromatographic method with a valve switching facility was developed to determine trace nitrate concentrations in seawater using two pumps, two different suppressors, and two columns. A carbohydrate membrane desalter was used to reduce the high concentrations of sodium salts in samples. In this method, trace nitrate was eluted from the concentrator column to the analytical columns, while the matrix fl owed to waste. Neither chemical pre-treatment nor sample dilution was required. In the optimized separation conditions, the method showed good linearity( R >0.99) in the 0.05 and 50 mg/L concentration range, and satisfactory repeatability(RSD<5%, n =6). The limit of detection for nitrate was 0.02 mg/L. Results showed that the valve switching system was suitable and practical for the determination of trace nitrate in seawater.

Analysis of Fault Arc in High-Speed Switch Applied in Hybrid Circuit Breaker

The behavior of fault arc in a high-speed switch （HSS） has been studied theoretically and experimentally. A simplified HSS setup is designed to support this work. A two-dimensional arc model is developed to analyze the characteristics of fault arc based on magnetic-hydrodynamic （MHD） theory. The advantage of such a model is that the thermal transfer coefficient can be determined by depending on the numerical method alone. The influence of net emission coefficients （NEC） radiation model and P1 model on fault arc is analyzed in detail. Results show that NEC model predicts more radiation energy and less pressure rise without the re-absorption effect considered. As a consequence, P1 model is more suitable to calculate the pressure rise caused by fault arc. Finally, the pressure rise during longer arcing time for different arc currents is predicted.

Design and Implementation of Dynamic High-Speed Switches in Super Base Station Architectures

Novel centralized base station architectures integrating computation and communication functionalities have become important for the development of future mobile communication networks.Therefore,the development of dynamic high-speed interconnections between baseband units(BBUs)and remote radio heads(RRHs)is vital in centralized base station design.Herein,dynamic high-speed switches(HSSs)connecting BBUs and RRHs were designed for a centralized base station architecture.We analyzed the characteristics of actual traffic and introduced a switch traffic model suitable for the super base station architecture.Then,we proposed a data-priority-aware(DPA)scheduling algorithm based on the traffic model.Lastly,we developed the dynamic HSS model based on the OPNET platform and the prototype based on FPGA.Our results show that the DPA achieves close to 100%throughput with lower latency and provides better run-time complexity than iOCF and HE-iSLIP,thereby demonstrating that the proposed switch system can be adopted in centralized base station architectures.

Numerical Simulation on a Throttle Governing System with Hydraulic Butterfly Valves in a Marine Environment

Hydraulic butterfly valves have been widely applied in marine engineering because of their large switching torque, low pressure loss and suitability for large and medium diameter pipelines. Due to control problems resulting from switching angular speeds of the hydraulic butterfly valve, a throttle-governing control mode has been widely adopted, and detailed analysis has been carried out worldwide on the structural principle concerning speed-regulation and the load torque on the shaft while opening or closing a hydraulic butterfly valve. However relevant reports have yet been published on the change law, the error and the influencing factors of the rotational angular velocity of the hydraulic butterfly valve while opening and closing. In this article, research was based on some common specifications of a hydraulic butterfly valve with a symmetrical valve flap existing in a marine environment. The throttle governing system supplied by the accumulator to achieve the switching of the hydraulic control valve was adopted, and the mathematical models of the system were established in the actual conditions while the numerical simulations took place. The simulation results and analysis show that the rotational angular velocity and the error of the hydraulic butterfly valve while switching is influenced greatly by the drainage amount of the accumulator, resulting in pressure loss in the pipeline, the temperature of hydraulic medium and the load of the hydraulic butterfly valve. The simulation results and analysis provide a theoretical basis for the choice of the total capacity of the accumulator and pipeline diameters in a throttle governing system with a hydraulic butterfly valve.It also determines the type and specification of the hydraulic butterfly valve and the design of motion parameters of the transported fluid.

MAGNETIC FIELD ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE TAKING HYSTERESIS INTO ACCOUNT

Predicting and optimizing of the high-speed solenoid on/off valve behaviorrequires an accurate model of the hysteresis loop of the magnetic material used A ferromagnetichysteresis model and a novel algorithm based on fixed-point technique to optimize theelectromagnetic model are introduced By utilizing a modified vector Preisach model of magnetichysteresis and the global genetic optimization algorithm based on partial mapping cross method, theB-H relation loops are identified accurately.

基于阀切换UHPLC-IC联用技术的实验教学探索

具有阀切换的超高效液相色谱-离子色谱联用(UHPLC-IC)技术适用于同时分析含有机物和无机阴离子的样品,该联用技术简化了前处理的过程,消除了复杂基体,对无机阴离子进行富集,实现有机物和无机阴离子的同时分析,提高了色谱分析效率。将阀切换UHPLC-IC联用技术引入到本科生仪器分析实验课堂中,加深了学生对新型分析技术独特优势的理解,提高了本科生解决复杂实际问题的能力,拓宽和提升了仪器分析实验的教学内涵,有利于创新性和综合性人才的培养。

面向空间细胞培养用多路切换陶瓷阀仿真优化研究

为了满足空间站环境细胞长期自动培养的需求,研制一款新型细胞自动培养装置,装置由微量泵、多路切换阀等组成。通过设计一款多路切换陶瓷阀,实现仅由一组泵阀自由切换多条液路。通过有限元仿真分析培养液、消化液和裂解液3种液体在多路切换阀内的压力、温度、流速等物理参数分布情况,确定最佳阀位布局,并优化阀体结构,以改善不同液体流入阀腔后分布均匀性。优化后多路切换阀内细胞培养液和消化液的压力和温度分布波动率均小于1%,流速稳定。裂解液温度分布变化在优化前为2℃,优化后小于0.01℃。液体流动更加顺畅,滞留现象减少。仿真结果表明:优化后的陶瓷阀有助于提升空间细胞培养的稳定性和经济性。

海拔2500 m地区±800 k V特高压阀厅空气间隙操作冲击放电特性

为准确获得2 500 m海拔以上的±800 kV特高压直流工程送端阀厅的内部设计尺寸(汉语是半句话,用句号不太合适,请作者检查)。本文在2 500 m海拔的西宁高海拔试验基地,采用升降法开展了相间和相对地间隙的放电特性试验,得到了典型间隙的操作冲击放电电压U50,并给出了放电电压与间隙距离的拟合公式。试验结果表明:空气间隙类型决定其放电特性曲线的增长率的不同,电极上均压球电极曲率半径的增大可以显著提高间隙的操作耐受能力,而针对同一种空气间隙来说,正向操作冲击电压施加的电极部位不同会直接导致放电特性曲线的不同。

双向复位高速开关电磁阀动态响应特性仿真研究

高速开关电磁阀作为典型的伺服液压系统执行元件,逐渐成为高精密液压系统的核心部件之一。针对双复位弹簧式高速开关电磁阀的动态响应特性开展研究,建立高速开关电磁阀的多场耦合动力学模型,系统研究了高速开关电磁阀阀芯内径、弹簧刚度、线圈线径、工作温度、控制频率及占空比等对高速开关电磁阀阀芯所受到的电磁力和阀芯运动位移的影响,得到了高速开关电磁阀的优化设计参数,为进一步研制响应速度快、性能稳定、流量及承压范围大、环境适应性强的高速开关电磁阀奠定了一定的理论基础。

高速铁路动车组主断路器转换阀射流噪声模拟分析及其降噪措施

[目的]高速铁路动车组主断路器转换阀的射流噪声非常高,严重影响了旅客的乘坐舒适性,因此有必要研究有效的降噪措施。[方法]进行了转换阀射流噪声的现场试验,测得其噪声高达96 dB,且呈现明显的间歇性与脉冲性。采用大涡模拟方法建立了转换阀射流噪声仿真数学模型,选取四种不同形状的喷口,计算得到了这四种喷口的流场速度云图。将射流流场计算结果导入LMS.Virtual.Lab软件,采用声学边界元方法模拟计算这四种喷口的射流声场,并将计算得到的四种喷口1/3倍频程频谱的模拟值与试验实测值进行对比。选取了既有的四种工业消声器,以及研发的新型结构复合材料消声器,对转换阀的降噪效果进行测试。[结果及结论]转换阀因断开主断路器而产生射流噪声。转换阀射流噪声与排气口形状密切相关,射流噪声为中高频噪声。五种消声器均能显著降低转换阀射流噪声,新型结构复合材料消声器的降噪效果最好,其降噪量可达20 dB。