Pseudo-dynamic test and numerical simulation of high-strength concrete frame structure reinforced with high-strength rebars

This paper describes an investigation of a high-strength concrete frame reinforced with high-strength rebars that was tested in the structure engineering laboratory at Shenyang Jianzhu University. The frame specimen was pseudo- dynamically loaded to indicate three earthquake ground motions of different hazard levels, after which the test specimen was subjected to a pseudo-static loading. This paper focuses on the design, construction and experiment of the test frame and validation of the simulation models. Research shows that a high-strength concrete frame reinforced with high-strength rebars is more efficient and economical than a traditional reinforced concrete frame structure. In addition to the economies achieved by effective use of materials, research shows that the frame can provide enough strength to exceed conventional reinforced concrete frames and provide acceptable ductility. The test study provides evidence to validate the performance of a high- strength concrete frame designed according to current seismic code provisions. Based on previous test research, a nonlinear FEM analysis is completcd by using OpenSees software, The dynamic responses of the frame structure are numerically analyzed, The results of the numerical simulation show that the model can calculate the seismic responses of the frame by OpenSees. At the same time, the test provides additional opportunities to validate the performance of the simulation models.

Unraveling the significance of cobalt on transformation kinetics,crystallography and impact toughness in high-strength steels

This work reveals the significant effects of cobalt(Co)on the microstructure and impact toughness of as-quenched highstrength steels by experimental characterizations and thermo-kinetic analyses.The results show that the Co-bearing steel exhibits finer blocks and a lower ductile-brittle transition temperature than the steel without Co.Moreover,the Co-bearing steel reveals higher transformation rates at the intermediate stage with bainite volume fraction ranging from around 0.1 to 0.6.The improved impact toughness of the Co-bearing steel results from the higher dense block boundaries dominated by the V1/V2 variant pair.Furthermore,the addition of Co induces a larger transformation driving force and a lower bainite start temperature(BS),thereby contributing to the refinement of blocks and the increase of the V1/V2 variant pair.These findings would be instructive for the composition,microstructure design,and property optimization of high-strength steels.

Kinked Rebar and Engineering Structures Applying Kinked Materials:State-ofthe-Art Review

Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material,which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams.It effectively enhances the blast resilience,seismic collapse resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete(RC)structures without imposing substantial cost burdens,thereby emerging as a focal point of recent research endeavors.On the basis of explaining the working principle of kinked rebars,this paper reviews the research status of kinked rebars at home and abroad from three core domains:the tensile mechanical properties of kinked rebars,beam column nodes with kinked rebars,and concrete frame structures with kinked rebars.The analysis underscores that the straightening process of kinked rebars does not compromise their ultimate strength but significantly bolsters structural ductility and enhances energy dissipation capabilities.In beam-column joints,the incorporation of kinked rebars facilitates the seamless transfer of plastic hinges,adhering to the design principle of“strong columns and weak beams.”In addition,kinked rebars can greatly improve the resistance of the beam;The seismic resistance,internal explosion resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures with kinked rebar have significantly improved.Beyond its primary application,the principle of kinked rebar was extended to other applications of kinked materials such as corrugated steel plates and origami structures,and the stress characteristics of related components and structures were studied.Intriguingly,this paper also proposes the application of kinked rebars in bridge engineering,aiming to address the challenges of localized damage concentration and excessive residual displacement in RC bridge piers.The introduction of kinked rebars in piers is envisioned to mitigate these issues,with the paper outlining its advantages and feasibility,thereby offering valuable insights for future research on kinked reinforcement and seismic design strategies for bridges.

Flow characteristics and hot workability of a typical low-alloy high-strength steel during multi-pass deformation

Heavy components of low-alloy high-strength(LAHS) steels are generally formed by multi-pass forging. It is necessary to explore the flow characteristics and hot workability of LAHS steels during the multi-pass forging process, which is beneficial to the formulation of actual processing parameters. In the study, the multi-pass hot compression experiments of a typical LAHS steel are carried out at a wide range of deformation temperatures and strain rates. It is found that the work hardening rate of the experimental material depends on deformation parameters and deformation passes, which is ascribed to the impacts of static and dynamic softening behaviors. A new model is established to describe the flow characteristics at various deformation passes. Compared to the classical Arrhenius model and modified Zerilli and Armstrong model, the newly proposed model shows higher prediction accuracy with a confidence level of 0.98565. Furthermore, the connection between power dissipation efficiency(PDE) and deformation parameters is revealed by analyzing the microstructures. The PDE cannot be utilized to reflect the efficiency of energy dissipation for microstructure evolution during the entire deformation process, but only to assess the efficiency of energy dissipation for microstructure evolution in a specific deformation parameter state.As a result, an integrated processing map is proposed to better study the hot workability of the LAHS steel, which considers the effects of instability factor(IF), PDE, and distribution and size of grains. The optimized processing parameters for the multi-pass deformation process are the deformation parameters of 1223–1318 K and 0.01–0.08 s^(-1). Complete dynamic recrystallization occurs within the optimized processing parameters with an average grain size of 18.36–42.3 μm. This study will guide the optimization of the forging process of heavy components.

Recent progress in visualization and digitization of coherent transformation structures and application in high-strength steel

High-strength steels are mainly composed of medium-or low-temperature microstructures,such as bainite or martensite,with coherent transformation characteristics.This type of microstructure has a high density of dislocations and fine crystallographic structural units,which ease the coordinated matching of high strength,toughness,and plasticity.Meanwhile,given its excellent welding perform-ance,high-strength steel has been widely used in major engineering constructions,such as pipelines,ships,and bridges.However,visual-ization and digitization of the effective units of these coherent transformation structures using traditional methods(optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy)is difficult due to their complex morphology.Moreover,the establishment of quantitative relationships with macroscopic mechanical properties and key process parameters presents additional difficulty.This article reviews the latest progress in microstructural visualization and digitization of high-strength steel,with a focus on the application of crystallographic methods in the development of high-strength steel plates and welding.We obtained the crystallographic data(Euler angle)of the transformed microstruc-tures through electron back-scattering diffraction and combined them with the calculation of inverse transformation from bainite or martensite to austenite to determine the reconstruction of high-temperature parent austenite and orientation relationship(OR)during con-tinuous cooling transformation.Furthermore,visualization of crystallographic packets,blocks,and variants based on actual OR and digit-ization of various grain boundaries can be effectively completed to establish quantitative relationships with alloy composition and key process parameters,thereby providing reverse design guidance for the development of high-strength steel.

Deep decalcification of factory-provided freezing acidolysis solution to achieveα-high-strength gypsum

The freezing acidolysis solution of the nitric acid-phosphate fertilizer process has a high calcium content,which makes it difficult to produce fine phosphate and high water-soluble phosphate fertilizer products.Here,based on the potential crystallization principle of calcium sulfate in NH_(4)NO_(3)-H_(3)PO_(4)-H_(2)O,the deep decalcification(i.e.calcium removal)technology to achieveα-high-strength gypsum originated from freezing acidolysis-solutions has been firstly proposed and investigated.Typically,calcium can be removed from the factory-provided freezing acidolysis-solution by neutralizing it with ammonia,followed by the addition of ammonium sulfate solution.As a result,the formation of calcium sulfate in the reaction system undergoes the nucleation and growth of CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O(DH),as well as its dissolution and crystallization into short columnarα-CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O(α-HH).Remarkably,with the molar ratio of SO_(4)^(2-)/Ca^(2+)at 1.8,the degree of neutralization(NH_(3)/HNO_(3) molar ratio)at 1.7,the reaction temperature of 94℃,and the reaction time of 300 min,the decalcification rate can reach 86.89%,of which the high-strengthα-CaSO_(4)·0.5H_(2)O(α-HH)will be obtained.Noteworthy,the deep decalcification product meets the standards for the production of fine phosphates and highly water-soluble phosphate fertilizers.Consequently,the 2 h flexural strength ofα-HH is 5.3 MPa and the dry compressive strength is 36.8 MPa,which is up to the standard of commercialα-HH.

Study on Fracture Delay of High-Strength Bolts in Road Bridge Maintenance

In the maintenance work of highway and bridge engineering structures,the fracture delay of high-strength bolts is a content that needs to be focused on and researched.Based on this,the paper analyzes the fracture delay of high-strength bolts in highway bridge maintenance,including an overview of the fundamental research on fracture delay and related specific studies.It is hoped that this study can provide scientific reference for the reasonable maintenance of high-strength bolts,so as to ensure the overall maintenance effect of highway bridge projects.

预制混凝土构件钢筋浆锚对接连接受拉性能

为改善预制混凝土构件钢筋连接工艺及性能,提出一种预制混凝土构件钢筋浆锚对接连接技术。针对该新型钢筋连接的传力可靠性问题,开展了考虑钢筋直径、混凝土强度和浆锚长度变化的接头单向拉伸试验。试验结果表明,钢筋浆锚对接连接接头受拉性能由钢筋浆锚长度与帮条钢筋承载力共同控制,与混凝土强度无明显关系,表现为帮条钢筋配置相同的条件下,12 mm、14 mm直径连接钢筋试件分别在0.5l a(受拉钢筋基本锚固长度)、0.6l a钢筋浆锚长度条件下实现钢筋拉断,16 mm直径连接钢筋试件在0.6l a钢筋浆锚长度条件下发生帮条钢筋拉断。结合数据分析,建议12~16 mm直径连接钢筋浆锚长度按0.6l a控制,帮条钢筋与连接钢筋牌号相同的前提下,12~14 mm直径连接钢筋的帮条钢筋按4 C 8设计,16 mm直径连接钢筋的帮条钢筋应按6 C 8设计。同时,试验中钢筋镦头构造可保证钢筋充分锚固,其具体尺寸可用于指导钢筋加工;螺旋筋对接头受拉性能影响不明显,可参照本次试验参数进行设计。

多因素复合环境下钢筋与混凝土黏结性能研究进展

为了探究多因素复合环境下钢筋-混凝土黏结性能的研究进展,在单调荷载和重复荷载下对不同环境(如冻融循环、干湿循环、氯盐侵蚀、硫酸盐侵蚀、碳化以及持续荷载等)多因素复合作用下带肋钢筋-混凝土的黏结特点、黏结强度以及黏结应力预测公式进行了归纳、总结和分析,并对不同环境因素作用下影响钢筋-混凝土黏结性能的原因进行了梳理和解释。结合文献和工程的实际需要,指出了多因素复合环境下钢筋-混凝土黏结性能研究中需进一步待解决的问题。最后提出,由于多因素复合环境作用的复杂性,现有的研究虽然发现了一些规律,但结论较为分散,差异性较大,还有待于后续开展进一步的科学研究。

基于腔体单元和Rebar单元的空气弹簧性能分析

建立了空气弹簧有限元离散模型,研究了空气弹簧内压-位移、容积-位移、最大外径-位移以及载荷-位移关系,仿真结果与实测结果对比表明,两者具有很好的一致性。研究了工作高度和帘线角度对空气弹簧承载能力、刚度特性以及空气弹簧在工作过程中直径变化的影响,结果表明空气弹簧的工作高度和帘线角度是影响空气弹簧性能的重要因素。

基于rebar单元的载重子午线轮胎模型建立及验证

运用ABAQUS非线性有限元分析软件并基于rebar单元建立12.00R20载重子午线轮胎有限元分析模型,同时进行装配、充气和静态加载仿真模拟分析。对比轮胎载荷-下沉量仿真模拟和试验结果,证明了模型建立的有效性。该模型有助于进一步分析轮胎的力学特性。

基于rebar单元的航空轮胎模型建立与分析

运用ABAQUS非线性有限元分析软件并基于rebar单元建立H44.5×16.5-21型航空轮胎有限元分析模型,同时进行装配、充气和静态加载仿真模拟分析。着重研究了二维轴对称模型充气后各部位产生的变形量、变形分布规律,获得了充气轮胎的断面和半径变化量。并分析了充气轮胎各层帘布和橡胶产生的应力和应变。证明了建模的有效性。

Mechanical properties of calcium carbonate whisker-reinforced high-strength cement mortar

In order to improve the brittleness of high-strength cement mortar,calcium carbonate（CaCO3） whiskers are incorporated to strengthen and toughen the high-strength cement mortar.The compressive strength,flexural strength,split tensile strength and work of fracture are measured.Microstructures and micromechanical behaviors are investigated using scanning electron microscopy.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms and the efficiency of whisker-reinforced high-strength cement mortar are discussed.The results show that the addition of CaCO3 whiskers brings positive effects on the high-strength cement mortar.The strengthening and toughening mechanisms are whisker-cement coalition debonding,whisker peeling,whisker impact breakage and whisker bridging.Crack deflection is one efficient mechanism,but it is hard to be achieved in high-strength cement mortar.And the interfacial bonding strength between whiskers and the cement mortar matrix should be appropriately weak to introduce more crack deflection mechanisms to strengthen and toughen the cement mortar efficiently.

Effect of geometrical parameters on forming quality of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy tube in numerical control bending

The forming quality of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy tube during numerical control bending in changing bending angle β, relative bending radius R/D and tube sizes such as diameter D and wall thickness t was clarified by finite element simulation. The results show that the distribution of wall thickness change ratio Δt and cross section deformation ratio ΔD are very similar under different β; the Δt and ΔD decrease with the increase of R/D, and to obtain the qualified bent tube, the R/D must be greater than 2.0; the wall thinning ratio Δto slightly increases with larger D and t, while the wall thickening ratio Δti and ΔD increase with the larger D and smaller t; the Δto and ΔD firstly decrease and then increase, while the Δti increases, for the same D/t with the increase of D and t.

基于REBAR模型的空气弹簧有限元分析

利用 MARC非线性有限元分析软件建立空气弹簧有限元模型 ,帘线增强结构采用 REBAR单元 ,计算研究了胶囊基体和帘线增强各自的应力情况 ,分析了帘线材料参数对胶囊强度和刚度的影响。

基于原电池原理的电化学脱氯试验研究

对不同水灰比钢筋混凝土开展了基于原电池原理的电化学脱氯试验,研究了不同水灰比的钢筋混凝土电化学参数随时间的演变规律。结果表明:水灰比越大,脱氯初期阳极工作电位越负,回路电流越大,脱氯效率越高;水灰比越大,脱氯后钢筋腐蚀电位正移越明显,极化电阻增幅越大,OH^(-)浓度的增幅越小;脱氯后,混凝土中C-S-H凝胶和Friedel’s盐的含量略微降低,而Ca(OH)_(2)的含量略微增加,AFt和C-S-H凝胶少量分解。

钢筋螺旋肋灌浆套筒连接性能试验分析

传统灌浆套筒制造过程繁琐、原材料成本高且灌浆质量难以保证,限制了中国预制装配式建筑的推广。为促进建筑行业的经济、环保和高效发展,本课题组研发了一种新型钢筋灌浆套筒连接技术,采用了“滚压螺旋肋灌浆套筒”和“类宾汉流体灌浆料”,钢筋与灌浆料、灌浆料与套筒之间形成了更加紧密的机械锁合,显著提高了构件连接后的承载力。该技术具有成本低廉、施工简便、灌浆质量易于保证等优点。为了探究该连接体系下钢筋的最小锚固长度及钢筋对中对接与偏置对接在连接性能上的差异,通过对34个接头试件进行单向拉伸试验,分析了试件的破坏模式及各项结构性能指标。研究结果表明:钢筋在套筒内部偏置对接与对中对接在连接性能上差别不大;滚压套筒内的内凸肋显著增强了对灌浆料滑移的阻抗作用,可提供足够的黏结锚固以达到连接性能要求。初步结果显示,在该连接方式下钢筋的最小锚固长度可采用10倍钢筋直径,并采用偏置对接方式。

钢板混凝土墙-钢筋混凝土楼板连接节点抗剪性能

模块化技术正在推动新一代核电厂的设计和发展,兼具优良工作性能和工业化施工性能的钢板混凝土(SC)结构在模块化结构具有广泛应用前景。SC墙-RC楼板连接节点作为SC模块结构与RC结构之间的典型传力构件,其结构设计必须既要保证荷载的有效传递,又要考虑模块化施工的可行性。为研究SC墙-RC楼板连接节点抗剪性能,设计并完成了2个“薄墙厚板型”SC墙-RC楼板连接节点循环加载试验,包括GB/T 51340—2018建议的钢筋连接器连接、附加抗剪键等两种连接方式。试验结果表明:在剪跨比1.50下试件均发生RC楼板弯剪破坏,节点主要传力破坏路径为加载端至楼板根部的斜压杆区域,说明节点结合面不配置抗剪键仍满足抗剪要求;试验过程中,直螺纹钢筋套筒无滑脱、未发生钢筋或焊缝拉断,延性系数均大于4,说明钢筋连接器连接的传力性能良好,可作为SC墙-RC楼板连接节点的有效连接方式;该节点核心区仍属于抗剪薄弱区域,若要满足“全强度连接”设计准则,核心区对拉筋体积含钢率应不低于0.59%。

用于钢筋捆扎任务的轮腿式机器人的设计与分析

随着建筑智能化产业快速发展,以钢筋网面制造的混凝土结构需求不断增加。捆扎任务作为其中的关键环节,目前仍然采用手工操作,存在劳动强度大、费时费力、效率低且对工人技术要求高等问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种运动解耦的轮腿机构的全自动钢筋捆扎机器人,阐述了机器人的工作原理,并介绍了机器人的总体结构、纵向移动机构、横向行走机构和捆扎机构等关键部件。此外,通过有限元分析,验证了机器人在工作状态下的结构可靠性。结合模态分析揭示了横向行走机构的振动特性,验证了横向行走机构在振动下的影响较小。研究为建筑机器人的钢筋捆扎任务提供了新的设计和优化思路,有望在建筑领域提高捆扎效率、降低成本。

基于阻抗控制的钢筋绑扎机器人横向移动控制

当前建筑业仍然是劳动密集型产业,工地作业往往有较高的强度和重复性,其中以钢筋绑扎工序为最。因此,为了节省了人力资源,降低工人劳动强度,以轮腿式钢筋绑扎机器人为平台,对其横向运动控制展开研究,提出了一种基于阻抗控制的横向移动控制。采用雅可比矩阵法对机器人横向移动机构进行了运动学分析,采用拉格朗日法对其进行了动力学分析。实验采用阻抗控制使机器人适应横向移动带来的冲击,阻抗控制所跟踪S型曲线轨迹使机器人运动更加柔顺。实验观测和结果表明,机器人运动平稳,横向移动机构两侧同步性较高,力矩输出符合预期,完全实现了机器人在钢筋网面的横向移动。为钢筋绑扎机器人的运动控制提供了一个可行且实用的解决方案。