Study on Fracture Delay of High-Strength Bolts in Road Bridge Maintenance

In the maintenance work of highway and bridge engineering structures,the fracture delay of high-strength bolts is a content that needs to be focused on and researched.Based on this,the paper analyzes the fracture delay of high-strength bolts in highway bridge maintenance,including an overview of the fundamental research on fracture delay and related specific studies.It is hoped that this study can provide scientific reference for the reasonable maintenance of high-strength bolts,so as to ensure the overall maintenance effect of highway bridge projects.

Theory,technology and application of grouted bolting in soft rock roadways of deep coal mines

The grouted bolt,combining rock bolting with grouting techniques,provides an effective solution for controlling the surrounding rock in deep soft rock and fractured roadways.It has been extensively applied in numerous deep mining areas characterized by soft rock roadways,where it has demonstrated remarkable control results.This article systematically explores the evolution of grouted bolting,covering its theoretical foundations,design methods,materials,construction processes,monitoring measures,and methods for assessing its effectiveness.The overview encompassed several key elements,delving into anchoring theory and grouting reinforcement theory.The new principle of high pretensioned high-pressure splitting grouted bolting collaborative active control is introduced.A fresh method for dynamic information design is also highlighted.The discussion touches on both conventional grouting rock bolts and cable bolts,as well as innovative grouted rock bolts and cables characterized by their high pretension,strength,and sealing hole pressure.An examination of the merits and demerits of standard inorganic and organic grouting materials versus the new inorganic–organic composite materials,including their specific application conditions,was conducted.Additionally,the article presents various methods and instruments to assess the support effect of grouting rock bolts,cable bolts,and grouting reinforcement.Furthermore,it provides a foundation for understanding the factors influencing decisions on grouted bolting timing,the sequence of grouting,the pressure applied,the volume of grout used,and the strategic arrangement of grouted rock bolts and cable bolts.The application of the high pretensioned high-pressure splitting grouted bolting collaborative control technology in a typical kilometer-deep soft rock mine in China—the soft coal seam and soft rock roadway in the Kouzidong coal mine,Huainan coal mining area,was introduced.Finally,the existing problems in grouted bolting control technology for deep soft rock roadways are analyzed,and the future development trend of grouted bolting control technology is anticipated.

Deformation-softening behaviors of high-strength and high-toughness steels used for rock bolts

In deep ground engineering,the use of high-strength and high-toughness steels for rock bolt can significantly improve its energy absorption capacity.However,the mechanisms and effects of rock loading conditions on this kind of high energy-absorbing steel for rock bolt remain immature.In this study,taking Muzhailing highway tunnel as the background,physically based crystal plasticity simulations were performed to understand the effect of rock loading rate and pretension on the deformation behaviors of twinning induced plasticity(TWIP)steel used for rock bolt.The material physical connecting to the underlying microscopic mechanisms of dislocation glide and deformation twinning were incorporated in numerical modeling.The rock loading conditions were mimicked by the real-time field monitoring data of the NPR bolt/cable equipment installed on the tunnel surrounding rock surface.The results indicate that the bolt rod exhibits pronounced deformation-softening behavior with decrease of the loading rate.There is also a sound deformation-relaxation phenomenon induced by the dramatic decrease of loading rate after pre-tensioning.The high pretension(>600 MPa or 224 k N)can help bolt rod steel resist deformation-softening behavior,especially at low loading rate(<10~(-1)MPa/s or 10~(-2)kN/s).The loading rate was found to be a significant factor affecting deformation-softening behavior while the pretension was found to be the major parameter accounting for the deformation-relaxation scenario.The results provide the theoretical basis and technical support for practical applications.

Numerical Model Research on Rotational Performance of Beam-Column High-Strength Bolt Extension End-Plate Connection Node

The high-strength bolted end plate connection is widely used in the construction industry with its green environmental protection and excellent seismic performance. The joints of the joints are semi-rigid, the force performance is extremely complicated, and the experimental research cost is relatively high, and the cycle is very long. Therefore, the establishment of an efficient numerical model is of great significance for evaluating the force performance of high-strength bolt end plates. In this paper, the influence of different material models on the rotation performance of the joint is studied by numerical simulation, and the bending moment-rotation curve is obtained. The numerical simulation and the experimental results are in good agreement, so as to provide a reference for the design and application of this kind of joint.

门式起重机结构拆分连接螺栓群的计算

门式起重机的主梁、马鞍和支腿等结构需要拆分设计,其中主梁结构需要分段设计,分段或拆分处采用法兰和螺栓群进行连接。针对箱形截面的结构,介绍其分段或拆分处螺栓群的类型和强度计算方法,阐述结构内力对翼板螺栓群和腹板螺栓群计算的影响。通过实例介绍门式起重机的结构组成和拆分方式,阐述主梁分段处翼板螺栓群和腹板螺栓群的计算方法,说明主梁的弯矩作用由翼板和腹板共同承受,并分析主梁弯矩对腹板螺栓群的影响,给出腹板螺栓群的最佳布置方案。介绍支腿上下两端法兰螺栓群的计算方法,说明在支腿轴压力作用下,支腿法兰螺栓群承受的弯曲拉伸作用减小,同时支腿法兰面的剪力和扭矩对法兰螺栓群的影响不可忽略。

Influence of anchorage length and pretension on the working resistance of rock bolt based on its tensile characteristics

In coal mining roadway support design,the working resistance of the rock bolt is the key factor affecting its maximum support load.Effective improvement of the working resistance is of great significance to roadway support.Based on the rock bolt’s tensile characteristics and the mining roadway surrounding rock deformation,a mechanical model for calculating the working resistance of the rock bolt was established and solved.Taking the mining roadway of the 17102(3)working face at the Panji No.3 Coal Mine of China as a research site,with a quadrilateral section roadway,the influence of pretension and anchorage length on the working resistance of high-strength and ordinary rock bolts in the middle and corner of the roadway is studied.The results show that when the bolt is in the elastic stage,increasing the pretension and anchorage length can effectively improve the working resistance.When the bolt is in the yield and strain-strengthening stages,increasing the pretension and anchorage length cannot effectively improve the working resistance.The influence of pretension and anchorage length on the ordinary and high-strength bolts is similar.The ordinary bolt’s working resistance is approximately 25 kN less than that of the high-strength bolt.When pretension and anchorage length are considered separately,the best pretensions of the high-strength bolt in the middle of the roadway side and the roadway corner are 41.55 and 104.26 kN,respectively,and the best anchorage lengths are 1.54 and 2.12 m,respectively.The best anchorage length of the ordinary bolt is the same as that of the high-strength bolt,and the best pretension for the ordinary bolt in the middle of the roadway side and at the roadway corner is 33.51 and 85.12 kN,respectively.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for supporting the design of quadrilateral mining roadways.

螺栓预紧力损失对压缩机机壳密闭性的影响

针对大型压缩机机壳试压工况下仿真分析结果与现场的差异性问题,采用仿真分析以及螺栓预紧力损失试验研究,确定并分析了液压拉伸螺栓存在预紧力损失现象,结果表明,当长径比在2~7之间时,M42液压拉伸螺栓预紧力的损失比例在26%~35%之间;将预紧力损失比例引入机壳试压仿真分析后,仿真分析结果与现场的差异性进一步缩小。考虑损失因素后,机壳的一次试验通过率从60%提升到95%以上。研究结果可为液压拉伸螺栓连接的法兰泄漏问题提供定性的指导,并为压缩机机壳密闭性仿真分析研究提供一定的参考。

Hydrogen-induced delayed fracture of Cu-containing high-strength bolt steel

The hydrogen-induced delayed fracture(HIDF)behavior of a 1300-MPa-grade high-strength bolt steel 42CrMoV containing 0.42 wt.%Cu was investigated by constant load tensile test in a pH 3.5 Walpole solution.It is shown that the addition of Cu is beneficial to enhance the HIDF resistance by~13%.The observation of the fracture surface revealed that the area fraction of brittle crack initiation zone decreased remarkably for the Cu-added steel.Both the corrosion pit depth and the corrosion rate of the Cu-added steel in the Walpole solution are notably decreased,which is primarily because of the formation of a Cu-rich protective compact rust layer and slightly higher corrosion potential.As a result,the absorbed hydrogen content in that solution was also decreased by~21%.It is concluded that the improvement in the HIDF resistance of the tested steel is primarily due to the increase in corrosion resistance and resultant decrease in the absorbed diffusible hydrogen content in the acidic condition.

二次劈裂注浆对预应力锚杆极限抗拔承载力的影响研究

针对预应力锚杆二次劈裂注浆,在北京地区某现场工程开展了现场拉拔试验,对比分析了常压注浆和不同的二次劈裂注浆范围下锚杆的荷载—位移关系。结果表明:二次劈裂注浆锚杆(1/3锚固段劈裂注浆)的极限承载力比常压注浆平均高出25%左右;全锚固段劈裂注浆锚杆比1/3锚固段劈裂注浆锚杆的极限抗拔承载力提高了40%以上,比常压注浆锚杆的极限抗拔承载力提高了75%以上。进行二次劈裂注浆的锚杆的极限抗拔承载力提升明显,有效地增强了锚固性能,在同级别荷载加载时,位移显著降低。并对预应力锚杆二次劈裂注浆的施工管控提出了建议。

输电线路金具连接用防脱螺栓的研究

架空输电线路的金具之间通过螺栓紧固连接,运行中还需规范安装开口销以防止螺栓随导地线的振动而松脱。但实际应用中,不断发现由于开口销安装不规范所造成的缺陷,增加了线路检修成本,降低了电网运行可靠性。通过研究开口销螺栓防脱方法的缺陷成因,运用ECRS分析法对输电线路金具连接步骤进行整合优化,提出一种基于金属弹片的一体化防脱螺栓结构,有效提高了金具连接作业效率,消除了螺栓脱落隐患,保障了输电线路的安全稳定运行。

An ultra-thin bolt tension sensor and online monitoring system:For application in hydropower plant unit

The condition of bolted connections significantly affects the structural safety.However,conventional bolt tension sensors fail to provide precise measurements due to their bulky size or inadequate stability.This study employs the piezoresistive effect of crystalline silicon material to fabricate an ultrathin sensor.The sensor exhibits a linear relationship between pressure and voltage,an exceptional stability at varying temperatures,and a superior resistance to corrosion,making it adaptable and user-friendly for applications of high-strength bolt tension monitoring.A monitoring system,incorporating the proposed sensor,has also been developed.This system provides real-time display of bolt tension and enables the assessment of sensor and structural conditions,including bolt loosening or component failure.The efficacy of the proposed sensor and monitoring system was validated through a project carried out at the Xiluodu Hydropower Plant.According to the results,the sensor and online monitoring system effectively gauged and proficiently conveyed and stored bolt tension data.In addition,correlations were created between bolt tensions and essential unit parameters,such as water head,active power,and pressures at vital points,facilitating anomaly detection and early warning.

高厚比大于24的薄板状混凝土墙施工技术

结合工程实际,针对高厚比大于24的薄板状混凝土墙现浇施工难题,在模板体系选择、模板对拉螺栓孔综合封堵、混凝土振捣、墙体对拉螺栓孔处理等方面采取了针对性的措施,取得了良好的效果。通过墙模板侧压力计算,选择合适的模板体系;采用对拉螺栓孔封堵技术,减少施工过程中的漏浆现象;选用小直径振捣棒和柔性帆布溜桶,解决狭窄空间振捣缺陷问题,保证墙体混凝土振捣质量;拆模后采用合理的墙体对拉螺栓孔处理技术,完善墙体表面质量;通过对工人的专项培训,确保施工过程的质量。

装配式方钢管柱与H型钢梁连接节点力学性能研究

针对装配式钢结构方钢管柱与H型钢梁采用内套筒-T型连接件实现梁柱连接节点的力学性能开展了深入研究.研究结果表明:内套筒厚度对梁柱连接节点刚度有较大影响,随内套筒厚度增加,节点刚度呈逐渐增大趋势,抗弯承载力明显提高,节点域附近柱端刚度得到提高,但梁柱间的相对转角逐渐减小,梁端T型连接件刚度有所降低;随内套筒长度增加,高强度对拉螺栓对T型件约束能力减弱,抗弯承载力有所降低,T型件翼缘弯曲变形增加,梁柱间的相对转角逐渐增大;高强度对拉螺栓拉力值随内套筒厚度增加逐渐增大,高强度对拉螺栓设计应综合考虑内套筒几何参数影响,避免对拉螺栓产生过大拉力值.研究结果可为装配式钢结构工程应用提供参考.

螺栓排数和自攻螺钉对木梁柱节点抗侧力性能的影响

通过4组梁柱节点在单调和往复加载下的抗侧力试验,得到了各组节点的破坏模式、弯矩-转角曲线、滞回曲线、强度、刚度、延性及耗能性能,研究了不同螺栓排数和自攻螺钉加强对节点抗侧力性能的影响.结果表明,普通节点中裂缝出现早,开展迅速;增加螺栓排数可提高节点的强度和延性,其中强度提高更明显;自攻螺钉加强可明显减轻和延缓木材的开裂,提升节点的延性和抗震性能.

地下巷道支护锚杆腐蚀状况调查及力学性能测试

调查了河南焦作煤矿地下巷道腐蚀环境和现场10a期管缝式锚杆腐蚀状况,对地下水腐蚀物含量、锚杆宏观质量损失和局部坑蚀情况实施了测量,并对锚杆杆体极限承载力和塑性性能进行测试。结果显示:未加任何保护措施的管缝式锚杆腐蚀较为严重,调查样本中的大多数锚杆寿命接近终结;锚杆外表面腐蚀状况以坑蚀为主,而内表面则以近似均匀腐蚀为主;锚杆表面的坑蚀数目、面积和深度等数据均遵循一定的散布规律,且坑蚀口部面积与深度间有内在关联;锚杆表面的坑蚀和穿孔对锚杆杆体力学性能有严重损害,而且锚杆延伸率损失率远大于极限承载力损失率,亦即腐蚀对锚杆塑性的损害程度远大于对其承载力的损害程度,这使得锚杆在发生破坏前难以监测到明显的变形,极易造成突发性事故。

基于ANSYS的剖分式机械密封变形分析

运用ANSYS有限元软件对剖分式机械密封动环、静环3D模型进行数值模拟,研究不同螺钉预紧力、介质压力和弹簧比压下剖分式机械密封的分型面对整体机械密封的影响及分型面的连接紧密性。结果表明:连接螺钉应力分布符合螺钉实际受力情况,验证了利用有限元法模拟仿真的正确性;不同工况下,承载螺钉预紧力的剖分式机械密封动、静环端面变形均呈轴对称、连续性分布,且适当的螺钉预紧力能有效减小端面变形,降低分型面对密封环整体性的影响;螺钉预紧力是影响分型面变形的主要因素,且随着螺钉预紧力增大,可有效降低分型面的变形量,提高分型面连接的紧密性。

砂浆锚杆锚固段锈蚀胀裂过程的数值模拟及分析

为研究砂浆锚杆锚固段的锈蚀胀裂过程,将杆体表面锈蚀产物的体积膨胀作用转化为虚拟径向位移直接作用在杆体孔洞周围,提出杆体发生均匀锈蚀和不均匀锈蚀时,根据锈蚀量确定虚拟锈胀位移的方法。用有限元软件ANSYS8.0中基于弥散固定裂缝模型的具有开裂功能的Solid65单元对砂浆锚杆锚固段保护层的锈蚀胀裂过程进行数值模拟。应用算例说明,在锈蚀量相等的情况下,杆体发生均匀锈蚀和不均匀锈蚀时,砂浆保护层的开裂程度是明显不同的,锈蚀对砂浆保护层的破坏程度是不一样的,由此提出在进行锈胀预测时均匀锈蚀假定应慎用的观点。

基于FLAC^(3D)的管缝锚杆与玻璃钢锚杆支护效果对比

高峰矿大部分巷道采用管缝锚杆支护,但受巷道支护环境以及防腐措施不当影响,支护的管缝锚杆常因腐蚀而失效,需要进行二次支护,大大增加了支护成本和劳动强度。玻璃钢锚杆具有高强、轻质、耐腐蚀和抗疲劳的优点,能有效克服锚杆易腐蚀的问题。通过采用FLAC3D有限差分软件对高峰矿管缝锚杆和玻璃钢锚杆支护进行数值分析,对比了2种锚杆在相同支护条件下的巷道变形、岩体应力场、塑性区以及安全度,充分分析了2种锚杆在高峰矿巷道的支护效果。研究表明高峰矿采用玻璃钢锚杆取代管缝锚杆进行支护具有可行性。

溪洛渡电站地下厂房岩台开挖爆破试验研究

岩锚梁岩台的开挖是溪洛渡水电站地下厂房开挖施工中的重点与难点,开挖成型难度大,钻爆技术要求高,质量控制严格。为了获得良好的岩台开挖效果,利用相关工程经验并结合现场实际,在岩石完整与破碎部位采用不同的钻爆参数进行垂直孔与仰孔相结合的岩台光爆试验,分析和比较不同开挖方案的爆破效果,综合考虑爆破振动安全监测和围岩松动圈测试的结果,确定了一组开挖岩台的最优施工程序和钻爆参数。

轴裂式构件变形吸能特性研究及工程应用初探

为使锚杆适应深埋巷道围岩大变形,有效防治巷道冲击地压灾害,设计了一种适用于锚杆的轴裂式防冲吸能构件。通过理论分析与室内试验,研究了轴裂式吸能构件的变形特性、吸能效果等;探讨构件在锚杆中的应用方式与工作原理,初探了其工程试验效果。研究表明,轴裂式吸能构件撕裂变形稳定,形成"螺旋式"扩展板条,具有良好的可重复性与可控性;构件吸能作用全程具有"峰值轴力波动吸能段、恒定轴力稳定吸能段"两阶段特性,且吸能构件经过预撕裂加工可消除波动载荷,使恒定轴力稳定吸能行程效率达到100%;采用内径26 mm、壁厚4 mm,预制导裂切线4或6条的吸能构件,其恒定轴力达到111.8~143.1 k N,相应吸能量达5.77~8.93 k J,构件恒定载荷值及其吸能量的试验结果与理论分析结果相符合。现场试验表明,轴裂式构件能较好地启动劈裂,实现让压耗能。