An Application of Non–Linear Cobb-Douglas Production Function to Selected Manufacturing Industries in Bangladesh

Recently, businessmen as well as industrialists are very much concerned about the theory of firm in order to make correct decisions regarding what items, how much and how to produce them. All these decisions are directly related with the cost considerations and market situations where the firm is to be operated. In this regard, this paper should be helpful in suggesting the most suitable functional form of production process for the major manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. This paper considers Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function with additive error and multiplicative error term. The main purpose of this paper is to select the appropriate Cobb-Douglas production model for measuring the production process of some selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. We use different model selection criteria to compare the Cobb-Douglas production function with additive error term to Cobb-Douglas production function with multiplicative error term. Finally, we estimate the parameters of the production function by using optimization subroutine.

Application of Non-Linear Cobb-Douglas Production Function with Autocorrelation Problem to Selected Manufacturing Industries in Bangladesh

In developing counties, efficiency of economic development has been determined by the analysis of industrial production. An examination of the characteristic of industrial sector is an essential aspect of growth studies. The growth of a country can be measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is substantially affected by the industrial output. Industrial gross output is mainly a function of capital and labor input. If the effect of labor and capital input to output is at a satisfactory level in an industry or in a group of industries, then industrial investment will increase. As a result, the number of industries will increase, which will directly affect GDP and also will decrease the unemployment rate. This is why, industrial input-output relationship is so important for any industry as well as for the overall industrial sector of a country. To forecast the production of a firm is necessary to identify the appropriate model. MD. M. Hossain et al. [1] have shown that Cobb-Douglas production function with additive errors was more suitable for some selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to detect the autocorrelation problem of Cobb-Douglas production model with additive errors. The result shows that autocorrelation is presented in some manufacturing industries. Finally, this paper removes the autocorrelation problem and re-estimates the parameters of the Cobb- Douglas production function with additive errors.

The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

Clean Production and Ecological Industry:A Key to Eco-city Development

Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.

Industrial Policy Analysis of Restricted Development Zones in Western China——A Study of State-level Main Producing Areas of Agricultural Products and Key Ecological Functional Areas

As one of the important policies of promoting the formation of main functional areas, the industrial policy directly determines the sustainable growth of space control ability of main functional areas. A restricted development zone is a type of main functional area which provides agricultural products and ecological products, assures the supply of national agricultural products and the stability of ecosystems, as well as safeguards the ecological functions and agricultural functions of wider regions by restricting its own development. Therefore scientific, complete and operable industrial policy support is needed. Restricted development zones are distributed widely in western China. With the restriction of their main functions, differential industrial policies should be implemented in the development of the restricted development zones: Dealing well with the relationship between industrial development and ecological protection, developing special industries which are friendly to resources and environment and appropriate for local conditions, guiding and encouraging industries to learn from regions with favorable development conditions, orderly withdrawing industries and enterprises adverse to main functions, facilitating industrial structure upgrading, optimizing industrial organization, improving industrial technological level and rationalizing industrial layout.

The impact of environmental constraint on China's industrial productivity growth:An empirical study based on an directional environmental production model

Using input, output and pollution data of industrial enterprises in 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities from 1998 to 2005, this paper creates an environmental production frontier function model to assess China's industrial growth sources, particularly environmental control and changes in the industrial environmental structure's impact on industrial productivity. It found that (1) at its current stage, China's rapid industrial growth is accompanied by a slow increase in pollution; (2) environmental total factor productivity has become a primary driver of rapid growth with less pollution; (3) environmental control didn't cause any substantial restraint on China's industrial growth; (4) improvement in industrial environmental structure contributes an increasingly large share to economic growth with less pollution. China's industrial productivity is increasing, its growth model is being transformed, and the environment is exerting a diminishing constraint on economic growth.

我国人工智能发展的产业结构高级化效应

人工智能迅速崛起对我国实现产业结构高级化具有重要作用。研究在CES生产函数和柯布道格拉斯生产函数的基础上构建数理模型,揭示了人工智能促进产业结构高级化的内在理论机制,并选取2006—2021年我国31个省份面板数据,实证检验人工智能对产业结构高级化的影响效应。研究表明:人工智能生产能够减弱现阶段实现产业结构高级化所面临的不利因素,促进产业结构高级化;异质性检验结果显示,人工智能对东部地区产业结构高级化的促进作用最强。因此,提出加大人工智能研发力度、提高人力资本积累水平、制定差异化产业发展战略的对策建议,以期为人工智能赋能产业结构高级化提供思路借鉴。

新质生产力视野下构建中国式现代化产业体系的逻辑和着力点

党的二十大把建设现代化产业体系作为构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的重要方略。在新质生产力视野下,运用系统论方法,依托产业经济学分析框架,着眼中国式现代化建设实际、现代产业体系发展需求,系统分析了中国式现代化产业体系的构成要素。研究发现,加快形成新质生产力,需要廓清中国式现代化产业体系的内涵和特征,遵循产业体系构建的逻辑规律,也是中国式现代化产业体系建设需要遵循的重要问题;中国式现代化产业体系是一个复杂的经济系统,由产业主体、结构、政策、保障、创新等子系统构成,各子系统之间相互关联、相互作用、有机协调,共同构成有机统一的中国式现代化产业体系。研究表明,要培育壮大新型产业组织,着力发展实体经济,强化现代化产业的基础保障,加快产业政策转型调整,实施创新驱动战略是中国式现代化产业体系建设的主要着力点,也是加快构建新发展格局,推动高质量发展的必然要求。

智力资本价值分成率确定方法

在知识经济时代,企业若想更好地适应市场的需求和变化,持续保持核心竞争优势,必须认识到智力资本的重要性,并强化智力资本的管理,但是由于智力资本具有特殊的属性和特征,导致智力资本价值的计量和定价方面,还存在许多亟待解决的问题。因此,文章结合电信行业的案例,使用以大量客观数据为基础的熵权法测算智力资本四个维度的权重,得出智力资本综合评价值,在此基础上采用拓展的C-D生产函数计算智力资本价值评估中的收益分成率。

福建省农旅产业融合效应时空演化及影响因素分析——基于“三生”功能理论

农旅产业融合是实现农业产业转型升级、促进农村产业振兴的重要渠道。新发展理念背景下,福建生态建设走在全国前列,在生态建设与经济社会协同发展方面具有一定的代表性和典型性,本研究选取2009-2019年福建省相关统计年鉴数据,依据“三生”理论采用组合赋权法构建农旅产业融合评价指标体系,运用ArcGIS、Geoda和STATA软件从时空角度分析农旅产业耦合发展水平、空间相关及空间聚集特征并探讨影响农旅产业耦合的因素及影响机制。结果表明:福建省农旅耦合协调度总体曲折向好发展,实现“轻度失调-濒临失调-勉强协调-初级协调-中级协调-良好协调”的六级逐步跨越;福建省各地级市农旅产业融合效应存在局部空间自相关,局部空间莫兰指数呈现“W”形的波动变化,聚集类型由低-低聚集向低-高聚集再向高-高聚集后呈高-低聚集变化,最后再进入低-低状态,开始新一轮循环;从影响农旅产业融合效应的因素来看,资源供给、人才要素、科学技术、政府支持、产业带动、生活水平及需求升级均对农旅产业融合存在显著影响。研究表明,在推动农旅产业融合过程中,可以通过平衡好农旅产业协调、重视现代化农业建设,统筹好农旅空间规划、促进要素资源相融合和发挥好农旅融合机制、加强内外部正向因素等措施来加以推进。

京津冀工业绿色发展的时空分异及影响因素研究

基于资源、环境与经济协调发展构建工业绿色发展评价指标体系,综合运用AHP、改进熵权法和耦合协调度模型对2012—2018年京津冀13市工业绿色发展的时空分异进行分析;在此基础上,综合运用拓展的STIRPA模型、超越对数生产函数、空间计量回归、通径分析等方法揭示人口、财富、技术、结构对京津冀工业绿色发展的影响。结果发现:①京津冀工业绿色发展上升趋势明显,但始终处于“较差”级别,级别较高市域大多位于京津附近的“心房”区域,级别较低市域大多位于“心底”区域。②人口存在“U”形影响且会抑制技术的正向促进作用、减缓结构的消极影响,技术的直接促进作用明显,但会强化政府干预下结构的消极影响,结构在一定程度上抑制了财富的消极影响。③人口对北京、石家庄、邯郸、保定、沧州的工业绿色发展影响较显著,技术对邢台、张家口、承德、廊坊、衡水、天津的影响较显著,结构对唐山、秦皇岛、天津等的影响较显著,财富对北京的影响较显著。

钢铁领域CO_(2)减排协同发展的实现策略--以京津冀为例

本文运用C-D生产函数修正传统的LMDI指数分解法并构建Tapio及交叉脱钩模型,结合灰色预测模型GM(1,1),实证分析2006—2025年京津冀钢铁领域碳排放的碳强度、驱动因素、脱钩指数及协同关系。结果发现:①京津冀从“十一五”到“十四五”时期钢铁领域碳排放由快速增长变为缓慢增长,北京市和天津市钢铁领域的碳排放强度均低于地区平均水平,河北省则高于平均水平;②碳增排因素为能源消费碳强度和资本投入,碳减排因素为能源强度和技术进步,劳动投入逐渐从碳增排效应转变为碳减排效应;③京津冀钢铁领域碳排放与工业增加值未实现脱钩,且京津冀三地间脱钩协同关系多表现为不协同。鉴于京津冀城市群钢铁领域聚集,需推进钢铁领域实现协同脱钩,积极引领“双碳”行动。

异质性视角下江苏省重污染行业绿色增长效率研究

了解重污染行业发展过程与环境污染的关联机理,提高产业绿色增长效率是实现经济社会高质量发展的重要前提。针对行业间绿色生产存在异质性,应用共同前沿理论,从资源密集型、劳动密集型和资本密集型三类行业出发,构建重污染行业绿色增长效率模型,测算江苏省重污染行业2003—2015年绿色增长效率水平。研究结果表明:无论从共同前沿还是群组前沿视角,江苏重污染行业绿色增长效率整体不高,发展潜力较大。资源密集型、劳动密集型和资本密集型三类行业之间存在明显的技术异质性。资本密集型、劳动密集型和资源密集型三类行业在2003—2015年间效率总损失值分别为4.405、4.063和2.338。管理无效和技术无效是导致江苏重污染行业绿色增长效率损失的两大因素。为此,建议甄别行业异质特征,实行差异化管理;强化科技创新,提升绿色增长能力。

基于超越对数生产函数的气象条件变化对京津冀地区行业产出的影响研究

全球气候变化对经济系统及其各个部门产生了重要影响,定量辨识气象条件变化对经济系统的影响是研究经济系统适应气候变化的迫切需要。利用京津冀地区工业、建筑业等五个行业的生产总值、资本存量等经济数据和气象数据,采用超越对数生产函数探究京津冀地区气象条件变化对行业产出的影响,定量揭示不同行业对气象条件变化的敏感性。结果表明,采暖度日(每增加1%)对建筑业、交通运输仓储邮政业、工业、批发零售业以及农业的边际产出弹性分别为-0.1501%、0.6197%、0.9309%、0.4473%以及-0.7311%,降温度日(每增加1%)对五个经济部门的边际产出弹性分别为0.0274%、-0.0208%、-0.0709%、-0.1028%以及0.0282%,降水距平百分率对五个部门的边际影响分别为-0.1643%、-0.1365%、-0.0005%、-0.0407%以及0.0407%。气候变暖对经济系统的负面影响逐渐增强,特别是对工业、交通运输仓储邮政业和批发零售业的影响更大,短期来看对建筑业和农业有利;降水对除农业以外的其他部门都为负面影响,对建筑业和交通运输业的负面影响最大。研究结果对探究气候变化对社会经济的影响规律,增强社会经济对气候变化的适应能力具有一定的参考意义。

预埋管线轻质墙板生产与施工技术研究

预埋管线轻质墙板作为一种新型高集成化装配式建筑墙体构件,充分发挥了装配式建筑构件工业化设计、批量化生产的优点,在墙板生产开始之前,生产单位与设计单位和施工单位积极配合,对预埋管线轻质墙板进行二次深化设计,使其能够满足工业生产标准化、规范化的要求。墙板生产施工过程中,利用BIM技术数据化、模型化、信息化的技术特点,结合信息编码等技术,满足了装配式建筑墙体构件标准化设计、工业化生产、部件化安装、集成化制造的特点。推动了预埋管线轻质墙板系列化、规模化、市场化进程,推广了装配式建筑墙体构件应用领域。

Review on herbal tea as a functional food:classification,active compounds,biological activity,and industrial status

Most herbal tea infusions use edible medicinal plants as raw material and are consumed daily.Although herbal tea has a long history of health care applications worldwide,there is a lack of systematic research on the classification and functional nutritional value of various herbal teas.In recent years,the discovery of the rich biological activities and health benefits of herbal tea has become a driving force for researchers interested in its development as a functional food.However,the shortcomings of herbal tea products are not fully known.In particular,the quality evaluation system is not perfect,and there is insufficient data on the mechanism of action of herbal teas in their traditional uses.To better understand the functions and mechanisms of various herbal teas,this article reviews the classification,effective chemical composition,main biological activities,and mechanism of action of herbal teas.Finally,the current advantages,limitations,and direction of future development of herbal tea are determined and discussed.