Enhanced high-temperature performance of Li-rich layered oxide via surface heterophase coating

Li-rich layered oxides have become one of the most concerned cathode materials for high-energy lithiumion batteries, but they still suffer from poor cycling stability and detrimental voltage decay, especially at elevated temperature. Herein, we proposed a surface heterophase coating engineering based on amorphous/crystalline Li3 PO4 to address these issues for Li-rich layered oxides via a facile wet chemical method. The heterophase coating layer combines the advantages of physical barrier effect achieved by amorphous Li3 PO4 with facilitated Li+diffusion stemmed from crystalline Li3 PO4. Consequently, the modified Li(1.2) Ni(0.2) Mn(0.6) O2 delivers higher initial coulombic efficiency of 92% with enhanced cycling stability at 55 °C(192.9 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 1 C). More importantly, the intrinsic voltage decay has been inhibited as well, i.e. the average potential drop per cycle decreases from 5.96 mV to 2.99 mV. This surface heterophase coating engineering provides an effective strategy to enhance the high-temperature electrochemical performances of Li-rich layered oxides and guides the direction of surface modification strategies for cathode materials in the future.

Effectiveness of Surface Coatings Against Intensified Sewage Corrosion of Concrete

Three different kinds of coatings were coated on the concrete surface, and the changes in appearance, surface roughness, microstructure and components of coatings in artificial sewage were investigated. In addition, the strength, micrograph, mineral compositions and pore structure of concrete specimens after removing coatings were also studied. The results show that epoxy coal tar pitch coating(ECTPC) has the best effect of protecting concrete from the sewage corrosion. After being immersed in sewage for 90 days, the compressive strength of concrete coated with ECTPC is still as high as that of specimen immersed in water, and the cement paste has a high CH content and dense structure with low porosity, which mainly accounts for its excellent barrier property and certain antibacterial function. Cement-based bactericidal coating(CBC) also has good effectiveness to sewage corrosion of concrete. The strength and microstructure of concrete coated with CBC in sewage are still significantly superior to those of uncoated concrete. Although cement-based capillary crystalline waterproofing coating(CCCWC) is a good waterproof material, it is not suitable for the corrosion resistance of concrete in sewage. After 2 months corrosion, almost all of the CH crystals in coating reacted with the metabolic acid substance by microbes. Therefore, the strength and pore structure of concrete coated with CCCWC are only slightly superior to those of uncoated concrete. Overall, the protective effect of cement-based inorganic coatings is relatively poor.

Interface properties and phase formation between surface coated SKD61 and aluminum alloys

The intermediate phase formation and surface protection effects between SKD61 die mold alloys and aluminum alloys were investigated during a simulated die-casting process.The surface coatings of SKD61 alloy were carried out via Si pack cementation coatings at 900 ℃ for 10 h and the ε-FeSi phase formed.When the coated SKD61 alloy was dipped in the liquid aluminum alloy(ALDC12),the surface coated SKD61 alloys showed better surface properties compared with uncoated SKD61 alloys,i.e.,the intermediate phases(FeSiAl compound) were not produced for the coated SKD61 alloy.The coating layer of ε-FeSi served as a diffusion barrier for the formation of FeSiAl compounds.

Coating Protection for Production Facilities of Offshore Oil Fields

This paper describes coating protection of production facilities of offshore oil fields based on the practice of development of Bohai Offshore Oil Field, with focus laid on the selection of coating systems, surface preparation, coating application, as well as coating inspection for four types of major production facilities.

Microstructure and Oxidation Behaviors of Nano-particles Strengthened NiCoCrAlY Cladded Coatings on Superalloys

Nano-particles which can largely improve the microstructure and oxidation resistance of materials are often used as a strengthening component in metal matrix composites. However, few studies were reported on its application in the bond coat of duplex structure thermal barrier coating（TBC）. Three kinds of NiCoCrAlY coatings strengthened by different nano-particles with the same addition （1%, mass fraction） were prepared by the laser cladding technique on Ni-based superalloy substrates, aiming to study the effects of the nano-particles on microstructure and oxidation resistance of NiCoCrAlY coatings （the bond coat of the duplex structure thermal barrier coatings）. Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffractometer（XRD） and thermogravimetry were employed to investigate their morphologies, phases and cyclic oxidation behaviors in atmosphere at 1 050℃, compared with the coating without nano-particles. With the addition of nano-particles, the growth pattern of the grains at the interface changed from epitaxial growth to non-epitaxial growth or part-epitaxial growth; slender dendrites were broken and cellularized; cracks and pores were restrained; and the oxidation weight-gain and the stripping resistance of the oxide scale were improved as well. Among the three kinds of nano-particles, the SiC nano-particles showed the most improvement on microstructure, while the CeO2 nano-particles were insufficient, but its effects on the oxidation resistance are the same as those of the SiC nano-particles. Based on the discussions of the influence mechanism, it is believed that CeO2 nano-particles would show better improvement than SiC nano-particles if the proper amount is added and the proper preparation technique of micro-nanometer composite powders is adopted, with the synergistic action of nanometer effect and reactive element effect.

Influence of Protective Coating at High Temperature on Surface Quality of Stainless Steel

A ceramic matrix coating for minimizing steel loss of stainless steel at high temperatures was prepared by handled air-spraying technique, and the influence of coating on surface quality of stainless steel was mainly investiga ted in laboratory. Experimental results showed that the protective coating reduced the oxidation of stainless steel by more than 91% and minimized high temperature scaling and also enhanced steel surface quality. The scales of coated specimen were removed completely and the scales of uncoated specimen were partly residual on the surface after cool ing process. Mn-rich and Fe-rich zones were found in the oxides. The Cr2 O3 found in scales came from the underlying stainless steel and formed a Cr rich layer along the spalled surface.

The Tribological Properties of the Hot-extrusion Nylon Coating in the Oil Well Environment

The friction and wear properties of the nylon coating,prepared by hot-extrusion, used to protect the surface of the flexible continuous sucker rod were studied by using a pin-on-disc wear tester in the simulated oil well environment.The effects of sliding speed and load were considered.The wear mechanism was also studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).The result shows that the friction coefficients of both kinds of materials,JKPA and ZZ7024B,used to protect the surface of the flexible continuous sucker rod decrease with sliding speed increase,but change little with load increase in the simulated oil well environment.The value of friction coefficient of ZZ7024B is smaller than that of JKPA.The minimum value of friction coefficient of ZZ7024B is about 0.05.The wear volume of ZZ7024B is smaller than that of JKPA under the same conditions of experimentation.

New developments for vacuum coating of steel strips

Vapor deposited coatings onto strip steel are a promising alternative as functional layers for corrosion protection or high abrasion resistance.Conventional coating systems have some limits regarding environmental compatibility,the range of coating materials and application properties. Physical vapor deposition(PVD) is an environment-friendly technology and enables nearly unlimited material and process variety.Electron beam high-rate evaporation with deposition rates up to some micrometers per second is the most productive PVD technology for low cost coating.The combination of evaporation with powerful plasma is an efficient way to improve the layer properties.The developed plasma sources can be used for special plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) processes too. The paper gives an overview about the latest developments in these technologies.Furthermore,the paper explains some examples of new layer stacks onto steel strips.While enhanced corrosion protection can be obtained by magnesium,aluminium or copper containing coatings other functional surface properties come more and more in the focus of interest.For instance,decorative gold colored layers,transparent scratch resistant layers,hard coatings and photo catalytic layers were deposited on running steel strips.Functional layers and layer systems for energy saving and sun energy absorption by solar thermal effects and photo voltaics are under development.The coatings are prepared under the conditions of very high deposition rates using our in-line vacuum coater for metallic strips and sheets with the name MAXI.The influence of the process and plasma parameters on the layer properties were investigated and will be demonstrated for some applications.

镁合金超疏水磷酸盐化学转化涂层的制备与耐蚀性能

目的研究超疏水改性处理对磷酸盐化学转化涂层耐蚀性的影响,利用PA和Ce3+的螯合作用及低表面能物质的修饰提升涂层的防护性能。方法将仿生超疏水技术和化学转化技术相结合,对传统的磷酸盐化学转化膜进行后处理改性,在镁合金基体上制备了具有超疏水效应的磷酸盐化学转化膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、接触角测试、电化学测试等方法研究改性后涂层的微观形貌、润湿性和耐蚀性。结果SEM结果显示,经过后处理改性后,磷酸盐化学转化膜(PCC)表面的缺陷被有效封堵,膜层致密性显著提高。接触角测试结果表明,改性后膜层的静态水接触角高达156.5°,滚动角低至5°,呈现出优异的超疏水性能。电化学测试结果显示,后处理改性后的超疏水膜层的防护性能显著提高;相较于PCC膜层,超疏水膜层的腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级,低频阻抗模值则提高了1个数量级,并且经过12 d浸泡后其低频阻抗模值仍然高于104Ω·cm^(2)。中性盐雾测试结果表明,改性后涂层的耐盐雾性能大幅提升,耐盐雾超过100h。结论该涂层展现出了优异的憎水性能和良好的自清洁性能,能够为基体提供高效且持久的腐蚀防护。

滨海环境下水泥基材料有机硅防护涂层的研究进展

有机硅涂料通过对侵蚀介质的传输抑制作用以及诱导结晶作用,赋予了水泥基体优越的表面防护效果,显著提升了混凝土结构的耐久性能与安全可靠性.本文归纳了有机硅涂料的分子结构特征及其对胶凝材料的作用机理,全面阐述了有机硅涂料对水泥基材料耐久性能的提升效果,探讨和展望了有机硅涂料在工程应用中存在的主要问题以及未来发展趋势,旨在为水泥基材料耐久性防护的深入研究与应用提供重要的理论指导与工程参考.

聚脲类水工混凝土防护涂层研究进展

近年来,由于复杂环境水利工程施工存在低温、昼夜温差大、紫外光辐射强烈等极端气候问题,混凝土防护技术迎来了巨大挑战。表面涂层则为混凝土防护技术提供了机遇,表面涂层制备方法与老化机理研究被大量科研人员关注。笔者简要综述了聚脲类混凝土防护涂层材料的特点和研究现状,重点介绍了在国内外的发展历程,以及老化行为和机理方面的研究动态。

316L不锈钢表面抗菌双疏Ag/PFOA复合涂层的制备及其性能

采用化学刻蚀法和液相沉积法在316L不锈钢表面制备了具有抗菌性的双疏Ag/PFOA复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和接触角测量仪对复合涂层的微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,并测试了其耐磨性能和抗菌性能。结果表明:化学刻蚀后的不锈钢表面具有凹凸不平的微纳米结构;复合涂层具有抑制大肠杆菌生长的效果,能够耐受的垂直负荷为40N,水平摩擦负荷为600N;不锈钢表面覆盖复合涂层后,疏水性和疏油性都得到了增强,在模拟真实场景中循环使用15次后,复合涂层的湿润性下降较为明显,但循环使用30次后,湿润性下降速率越来越慢。

基于镀锌涂层的铁塔表面防护技术研究进展

随着网络通信需求的逐年增长,提高通信铁塔钢结构的使用寿命势在必行。这就需要深入研究铁塔钢结构的防腐方法,增强其防腐能力。目前,铁塔防腐涂层主要采用镀锌涂层。镀锌涂层制备技术主要有4种,即热镀锌、冷镀锌、热镀锌+有机涂层、冷镀锌+有机涂层。基于此,综述镀锌涂层制备技术的研究现状,以增强涂层耐蚀性、耐候性、耐盐雾性、附着能力和机械性能,确保铁塔表面得到良好防护。

大型汽油储罐底板在线防腐维修及其风险管控浅析

汽油罐底板内表面防腐检修,涉及储罐的停产和清罐,如何在周边罐群不停产的情况下,安全、高效地实施储罐内部防腐修复,本文通过实例检修过程的方案设计和安全防护措施的分析探讨,从而详细的论述了油罐底板内防腐检修的安全控制过程。

热模拟技术在钢板镀层与防护研究中的应用与展望

首先探讨了热模拟技术的基本原理和方法,包括温度控制、热循环模拟、应力控制以及试样在不同气体氛围下受热形变的过程等。接着分析了热模拟技术在研究钢板镀层的晶粒尺寸、晶界特征、相组成与相变行为、界面反应、缺陷与裂纹以及涂层性能等方面的应用。进一步比较了热模拟技术与其他研究方法的优势和融合方式,包括传统实验方法、数值模拟和材料表征技术等。最后讨论了热模拟技术在钢板镀层研究中的局限性与展望,并探讨了热模拟技术在其他新型材料研究中的潜在应用。

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料的研究与应用

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池的重要核心部件,具有着分割反应气体、收集电流、散热、排水,支撑膜电极、输送气体的作用。文中综述了石墨双极板、复合双极板、金属双极板的研究及应用现状,介绍了三种双极板的优缺点。金属双极板因其具有强度高,延展性好、导电导热性好、加工性好,造价低廉等优点,适合大规模生产。指出了通过对金属双极板进行表面改性处理,从而改善金属基体耐腐蚀性,展望了未来金属双极板的发展前景。

飞机复合材料雷击防护层性能研究

为解决复合材料金属导电性差的特性,可在其表面增加导电功能层来解决复材件雷击损伤的问题。基于此,本文设计了复合材料表面火焰喷涂铝涂层、粘接铜网表面膜两种雷击防护层形式,通过试板制造,从制备工艺特点、导电性能等维度评估两种工艺的实际导电效果和工艺性能。结果表明,铜网表面膜作为防雷击防护层无论从导电性能及工艺性能维度均优于火焰喷涂铝防护层。

镁合金表面热扩渗金属防护层的制备与性能

镁合金是一种轻质结构材料,将镁合金应用在交通工具中,可以降低其整体质量和能源消耗,同时提升其机动性能和续航能力。然而,镁合金易腐蚀,需强化其耐蚀性。表面扩渗法是一种常见的镁合金表面强化方法。在一定温度下,扩渗剂中的金属元素向镁合金表面传输,并形成一层防护层。首先介绍了几种常见的镁合金表面扩渗法,继而介绍了镁合金表面热扩渗的主要影响因素,然后介绍了采用这种方法制备的扩渗层的性能。在镁合金表面热扩渗形成的典型扩渗层厚度可达数百微米,同时扩渗层硬度和耐蚀性相对基体有明显提升。表面热扩渗可对镁合金进行有效的表面强化。

金属表面纳米粒子/聚合物复合防腐涂层的研究进展

纳米材料(NMs)具有独特的性能,由其构成的纳米粒子/聚合物复合涂层在金属表面防腐蚀方面是非常经济有效的。本文总结了氧化物基和碳基两种不同纳米材料对纳米粒子/聚合物涂层性能的影响,概述了典型纳米粒子/聚合物复合防腐涂层防腐机理,表明碳基纳米材料可以作为提高防腐涂层阻隔性能的较有前途的纳米填料。最后展望了将纳米粒子/聚合物材料有效应用到金属表面防腐涂层中所面临的挑战和未来发展前景。

镁合金表面腐蚀防护技术研究进展

镁合金较差的耐腐蚀性能限制了其大规模应用。利用表面腐蚀防护技术可以有效改善镁合金的耐蚀性能,延长镁合金的服役寿命。因此,可靠的表面腐蚀防护技术是突破镁合金应用瓶颈的关键。从镁合金表面腐蚀防护技术的分类入手,阐述了各种防护技术的基本原理。在此基础上,综述了近年来镁合金腐蚀防护技术的研究进展,包括电化学方法、化学方法及其他表面腐蚀防护方法等,阐明了各种技术的优缺点及适用范围,并对镁合金表面防护技术的发展趋势进行了展望。经过多年的发展,镁合金表面防护技术的理论研究和应用日臻完善,现有的表面防护方法一定程度上都能为镁合金基体提供腐蚀防护作用。然而,随着镁合金应用范围的扩展,相关结构件常会面临恶劣的服役环境。因此,单一的表面腐蚀防护技术已经很难满足工业领域对镁合金材料的迫切需求,多种表面处理技术联合制备的复合涂层具有广阔的应用前景。镁合金表面防护技术当前正朝着功能化和智能化的复合涂层方向发展,同时对制备工艺的安全环保性也提出了更高要求。未来除了保证高耐蚀性外,开发多功能智能涂层对提升防护层的长效防护能力、拓宽镁合金的应用范围具有重大的现实和长远意义。