Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-pretreated lespedeza stalks for the production of ethanol

Lespedeza stalks were subjected to steam pretreatment at 210℃ for some steaming time before simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF）. Cellulose-derived glucose was extensively utilized by yeast during SSE The ethanol yields after steam pretreatment of the lespedeza stalks at 210℃ were 59.3%, 72.8% and 62.2% of the theoretically expected values when the steaming times were 2, 4 and 6 min, respectively. The highest yield from α-cellulose was 92.7% of the theoretical value. Steam explosion pretreatment of lespedeza stalks increased ethanol yields by a factor of 4.4, from 16.4% （untreated） to 72.8% （steam explosion pretreated）.

Optimization of rice wine fermentation process based on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation kinetic model

Chinese rice wine making is a typical simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） process. During the fermentation process, temperature is one of the key parameters which decide the quality of Chinese rice wine. To optimize the SSF process for Chinese rice wine brewing, the effects of temperature on the kinetic parameters of yeast growth and ethanol production at various temperatures were determined in batch cultures using a mathematical model. The kinetic parameters as a function of temperature were evaluated using the software Origin8.0. Combing these functions with the mathematical model, an appropriate form of the model equations for the SSF considering the effects of temperature were developed. The kinetic parameters were found to fit the experimental data satisfactorily with the developed temperature-dependent model. The temperature profile for maximizing the ethanol production for rice wine fermentation was determined by genetic algorithm. The optimum temperature profile began at a low temperature of 26℃ up to 30 h. The operating temperature increased rapidly to 31.9 ℃, and then decreased slowly to 18℃ at 65 h. Thereafter, the temperature was maintained at 18 ℃ until the end of fermentation. A maximum ethanol production of 89.3 g.L 1 was attained. Conceivably, our model would facilitate the improvement of Chinese rice wine production at the industrial scale.

Optimization Studies in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Wheat Bran Flour into Ethanol

The effects of process variables in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran flour were studied in bulk fermentation using a coculture of Aspergillus niger - Kluveromyces marxianus. The effect of substrate density, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration on wheat bran was predicted by designing experiments in which a single parameter is varied keeping other variables at a constant level. The above parameters were optimized for a batch culture in a fermentor. Optimal values for substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration during processing were 200 g/l, 5.5, 65°C, and 7.5 IU, respectively. In pre-treatment experiments, the concentration of enzymes and the pre-treatment temperature are highly correlated. The influence of pH, temperature, and substrate density on ethanol production was investigated. Temperature pH was determined as optimal, 32°C and 5.5, respectively. After 48 hours of fermentation at optimum pH, a solution of wheat bran containing a maximum of 6% starch produces a maximum of 22.9 g/l ethanol.

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Alkali-Acid Pretreated Sugarcane Trash to Ethanol

The Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation （SSF） of alkali-acid pretreated sugarcane trash to ethanol was optimized using commercial cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5596 cells. Substrate concentration （12.5% w/v, 15% w/v, 17.5% w/v and 20% w/v）, enzyme loading （25 FPU/g Dry Substrate （DS）, 50 FPU/g DS and 75 FPU/g DS）, and temperature （30 ~C, 35 ~C and 40 ~C） were evaluated. The SSF optimal conditions for alkali-acid pretreated sugarcane trash were 20% w/v of substrate concentration, enzyme loading 50 FPU/g DS, temperature 35 ~C, initial pH 5.0 and yeast inoculum 107 cells/mL. Under the above optimal conditions, ethanol concentration was possible to reach in the range between 50.14 g/L and 55.08 g/L at 96 hrs and 144 hrs, respectively. This study could establish the effective utilization of sugarcane trash for bioethanol production using optimized fermentation parameters.

Process Research on Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation(SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation(SSF) of Ethanol Production by Lignocellulose

[ Objective] The research aimed to explore the efficiency of ethanol production under the optimal conditions of separate hydrolysis and fermentation （SHF） and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF）. [ Method ] Under the optimal conditions of hydrolysis and fermenta- tion, SHF and SSF process were designed respectively. SHF process was conducted under the optimal conditions of hydrolysis and fermentation separately, while SSF process was carried out at the optimum temperature of hydrolysis and fermentation. [ Result] In SHF process, the efficiency of ethanol production was similar during both supematant and mixture fermentation, and yeast was more active during the mixture fermentation. In SSF process, the efficiency of ethanol production was higher at 35 ℃, and the production of xylose was higher than that in hydrolysis process. [ Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the efficiency of ethanol production during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was higher than that during separate hydrolysis and fermentation.

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sweet potato powder for the production of ethanol under conditions of very high gravity

Due to its merits of drought tolerance and high yield,sweet potatoes are widely considered as a potential alterative feedstock for bioethanol production.Very high gravity(VHG)technology is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of ethanol fermentation from starch materials.However,this technology has rarely been applied to sweet potatoes because of the high viscosity of their liquid mash.To overcome this problem,cellulase was added to reduce the high viscosity,and the optimal dosage and treatment time were 8 U/g(sweet potato powder)and 1 h,respectively.After pretreatment by cellulase,the viscosity of the VHG sweet potato mash(containing 284.2 g/L of carbohydrates)was reduced by 81%.After liquefaction and simultaneous saccharification and fer-mentation(SSF),thefinal ethanol concentration reached 15.5%(v/v),and the total sugar conversion and ethanol yields were 96.5%and 87.8%,respectively.

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of wheat bran flour into ethanol using coculture of amylotic Aspergillus niger and thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus

Studies on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)of wheat bran flour,a grain milling residue as the substrate using coculture method were carried out with strains of starch digesting Aspergillus niger and nonstarch digesting and sugar fermenting Kluyveromyces marxianus in batch fermentation.Experi-ments based on central composite design(CCD)were conducted to maximize the glucose yield and to study the effects of substrate concentration,pH,temperature,and enzyme concentration on percentage conversion of wheat bran flour starch to glucose by treatment with fungalα-amylase and the above parameters were optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).The optimum values of substrate concentration,pH,temperature,and enzyme concentration were found to be 200g/L,5.5,65℃ and 7.5IU,respectively,in the starch saccharification step.The effects of pH,temperature and substrate concentration on ethanol concentration,biomass and reducing sugar concentration were also investigated.The optimum temperature and pH were found to be 30℃ and 5.5,respectively.The wheat bran flour solution equivalent to 6%(w/V)initial starch concentration gave the highest ethanol concentrationof 23.1g/Lafter 48hoffermentation at optimum conditions of pH and temperature.The growth kinetics was modeled using Monod model and Logistic model and product formation kinetics using Leudeking-Piret model.Simultaneous saccharificiation and fermenta-tion of liquefied wheat bran starch to bioethanol was studied using coculture of amylolytic fungus A.niger and nonamylolytic sugar fermenting K.marxianus.

Study of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for steam exploded wheat straw to ethanol

Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)has been investigated extensively,the optimum condition for SSF of wheat straw has not yet been determined.Dilute sulfuric acid impregnated and steam explosion pretreated wheat straw was used as a substrate for the production of ethanol by SSF through orthogonal experiment design in this study.Cellulase mixture(Celluclast 1.5 1 and β-glucosidase Novozym 188)were adopted in combination with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae AS2.1.The effects of reaction temperature,substrate concentration,initial fermentation liquid pH value and enzyme loading were evaluated and the SSF conditions were optimized.The ranking,from high to low,of influential extent of the SSF affecting factors to ethanol concentration and yield was substrate concentration,enzyme loading,initial fermentation liquid pH value and reaction temperature,respectively.The optimal SSF conditions were:reaction temperature,35℃;substrate concentration,100 g·L^(-1);initial fermentation liquid pH,5.0;enzyme loading,30 FPU·g21.Under these conditions,the ethanol concentration increased with reaction time,and after 72 h,ethanol was obtained in 65.8%yield with a concentration of 22.7 g·L^(-1).

Feasibility Study of Ethanol Production from Food Wastes by Consolidated Continuous Solid-State Fermentation

To save the cost and input energy for bioethanol production, a consolidated continuous solid-state fermentation (CCSSF) system composed of a rotating drum reactor, a humidifier and a condenser has been developed. In this research, the feasibility of using this system for production of ethanol from food wastes was carried out. The ethanol conversion of bread crust and rice grain (uncooked rice) as substrates reached up to 100.9% ± 5.1% and 108.0% ± 7.9% (against theoretical yield), respectively. Even for bread crust, a processed starchy material which contained lower carbohydrate content than rice grain, the amount of ethanol obtained in a unit of CCSSF per year was higher due to easy saccharification and fermentation. The salt contained in potato chips directly affected yeast activity resulting to low ethanol conversion (80.7% ± 4.7% against theoretical yield).

厨余垃圾同步糖化发酵产纤维素乙醇的工艺优化

为提高纤维素乙醇产率,以未经腐烂的果皮和蔬菜垃圾作为原料,采用酿酒酵母与纤维素酶作为催化添加剂进行同步糖化发酵,结合单因素实验和正交实验,优化了利用厨余垃圾同步糖化发酵产生纤维素乙醇的工艺条件。结果表明:在单因素实验中,采用SSF(同步糖化发酵)工艺时,纤维素酶酶加量、酵母用量、发酵温度和初始pH等因素均能使乙醇产率升高,差异不显著;在正交试验中,采用SSF工艺时,对乙醇产率影响的因素从强到弱为发酵温度>纤维素酶酶加量>酵母用量,且在纤维素酶酶加量30 mg、酵母用量10 mL、初始pH=5、发酵温度45℃、发酵72 h条件下,乙醇浓度最高,可达6.43 g/L,产率为0.089 g/(L·h)。研究发现,采用SSF工艺,为提高乙醇产率、实现废弃物资源化、缓解能源短缺压力等方面提供了新的方向。

玉米酒精的浓醪同步糖化发酵工艺研究

以我国目前玉米酒精生产工艺为基础,通过选择液化[拌料干物浓度(dry solid,DS)、液化pH、液化时间、耐高温α-淀粉酶剂量、液化温度]和同步糖化发酵(葡萄糖淀粉酶剂量、酵母接种量、发酵温度等)等过程主要控制参数建立实验室玉米酒精发酵方法。实验确定液化条件为拌料DS 25%、液化pH 5.6、液化时间120 min、耐高温α-淀粉酶剂量40 U/g、液化温度88℃,此时液化醪黏度(91.2±2.8)mPa·s、还原糖为(11.65±0.03)g/100 g,符合同步发酵玉米酒精的液化指标要求。实验确定同步糖化发酵条件为葡萄糖淀粉酶剂量150 U/g、酵母接种量3%、发酵温度32℃,在该条件下酒精发酵过程稳定,CO 2失重数据最大标准差为0.38,占相应CO 2平均失重仅为2.96%;在发酵成熟醪中乙醇含量为(12.58±0.04)g/100 mL,发酵效率为97.71%,粮酒转化率为2.425 t/t,实验结果符合我国玉米酒精生产的实际情况。因此该方法可以为酒精生产工艺的优化及原辅料的选择提供数据参考。

表达漆酶的重组酿酒酵母菌株同步糖化发酵产乙醇特性研究

将来源于硬毛拴菌(Trametes trogii CICC 2689)的lcc1基因通过Di-CRISPR技术整合到酿酒酵母Y6中以实现漆酶的稳定表达,考察漆酶在酚类抑制剂及同步糖化发酵中的抗逆作用。结果显示:平板拮抗和液体摇瓶实验中,重组菌株Y6/Lac的生长状况、对数期生长速率及延滞期较对照菌株Y6均表现出相应优势;同时Y6/Lac对碱木质素的降解率提高41%,同步糖化发酵产乙醇效率提高14%。

不同液化pH对发酵生产玉米酒精的影响

为研究不同液化pH对玉米酒精同步糖化发酵的影响,以我国目前玉米酒精生产工艺为基础构建玉米酒精发酵模型,研究不同液化pH对液化、发酵过程和发酵成熟醪指标的影响。结果表明,液化还原糖在液化pH为5.6时最高,分别较液化pH为5.2和4.8的提高16.48%和121.08%;在液化pH为4.8~5.6内的CO_(2)失重标准差表明,该模型稳定性良好,最大标准差仅为0.55,同时发酵CO_(2)的失重速率随着液化pH的提高而下降;发酵成熟醪酒精浓度在液化pH 5.6的最高,分别较液化pH 5.2和4.8提高0.32%和1.18%;发酵成熟醪残淀粉浓度在液化pH 5.6的分别较液化pH 5.2和4.8的降低0.66%和5.26%;同时发酵成熟醪残过滤总糖浓度在液化pH 5.6的分别较液化pH 5.2和4.8的降低3.61%和提高11.93%。因此,玉米酒精生产过程必需同时兼顾耐高温α-淀粉酶的作用效果和发酵初期的还原糖浓度,以保证发酵速率和发酵成熟醪指标。

同步糖化发酵甘蔗渣产乙醇的尖孢镰刀菌筛选及其产醇性能

为获得同步糖化发酵(Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,SSF)产乙醇的优良尖孢镰刀菌菌株,对14株尖孢镰刀菌依次进行纤维素酶活力测定、刚果红平板染色、滤纸片崩解试验筛选,获得纤维素降解能力较强的菌株,进而以甘蔗渣为底物,进行SSF产乙醇试验,探究其纤维素降解及糖转化性能。结果表明:菌株mh2的纤维素降解能力较强,其纤维素酶活力达到14.28 U/mL,透明圈直径为4.5 cm,能使滤纸片完全降解成糊状;并且对含残糖及去糖的甘蔗渣均具有良好的同步糖化发酵产醇效果,乙醇得率分别可达98、41.7 g/kg,其乙醇转化率最高可达33.36%;此外mh2纤维素酶系统中的滤纸酶、内切葡聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖苷酶、外切葡聚糖酶活力分别达到25.63、15.69、19.61、22.44 U/mL,对甘蔗渣纤维素降解率达到25.6%,对葡萄糖和木糖的乙醇转化率分别可达0.443、0.213 g/g,分别是对照菌株Cs20降解率和葡萄糖、木糖乙醇转化率的1.58、1.17、3.8倍,表明mh2在SSF过程中具有良好的降解及糖转化性能。本研究可为丰富SSF菌株资源及单菌株利用木质纤维素生产乙醇的SSF研究提供数据参考。

木薯干原料同步糖化发酵生产乙醇

提出了用木薯干为原料,同步糖化发酵(SSF)开发燃料乙醇的新工艺.对各个影响条件进行了研究,获得了最佳的工艺条件:原料粉碎粒度0.45mm,加水比2.8,100℃下蒸煮30min,α?淀粉酶、糖化酶的添加量分别为10,180U/g,30℃下发酵48h.并与普通的先糖化后发酵(SHF)生产模式进行了对比,认为SSF具有工艺简单、能耗低、发酵迅速、醪液酒精度高等众多优点,值得工业推广.

汽爆玉米秸秆同步糖化发酵产乙醇的工艺优化

该文对同步糖化发酵玉米秸秆生产纤维乙醇的工艺条件进行了研究,分别利用单因素试验和正交试验考察了影响发酵的工艺条件。结果显示:温度37℃、pH值4.8、底物15%(质量分数)、表面活性剂Tween-200.15%(质量分数)、纤维素酶用量30U/g、酵母用2%的葡萄糖溶液活化,接种量5‰(相对底物干质量)、培养基的组成:KH2PO42.5g/L,(NH4)2SO42.0g/L,MgSO4·7H2O0.15g/L,CaCl20.35g/L、发酵时间60h为同步糖化发酵(SSF)生产乙醇的最优工艺条件,该条件下乙醇的体积分数为2.85%,乙醇得率达理论值的88.12%。

Plackett-Burman实验设计优化餐厨垃圾发酵产燃料酒精的研究

针对餐厨垃圾中营养元素含量丰富的特点,利用运动发酵单胞菌对餐厨垃圾发酵生产燃料酒精,采用Plackett-Burman实验设计分析多种酶制剂和营养物质对发酵过程的影响.结果表明,糖化酶和蛋白酶对于酒精发酵影响显著,其他酶和营养物的添加对发酵均无显著影响,说明餐厨垃圾自身所含的丰富营养即可以满足细菌生长的需要.进一步的单因素试验分析表明糖化酶的最佳添加量为100 U/g.当同时添加100 U/g蛋白酶和100 U/g糖化酶时,酒精产量达到最大值53 g/L,比单纯添加糖化酶时产量高10%,其酒精转化率为44%.经酒精发酵后,餐厨垃圾粗蛋白增加了1.5倍且纤维素含量较低,可作为饲料使用.利用餐厨垃圾产酒精不仅处理了污染严重的废物,同时也为酒精生产提供了廉价的原料,具有较高的环境效益和经济效益.

木质纤维生物质同步糖化发酵(SSF)生产乙醇的研究进展

综述了有关木质纤维生物质原料同步糖化发酵生产乙醇的最新研究进展和未来发展方向:同步糖化发酵是一种用于从木质纤维原料生产乙醇的工艺过程,此工艺的优点是酶水解与发酵同时进行,可以减少最终产物对酶水解的抑制作用,并减少投资成本,是最具发展潜力和优势的工艺之一。近年来在优化预处理工艺、降低纤维素酶成本以及己糖戊糖协同发酵等方面的研究都取得了长足的进步,其中以小麦秸秆为原料进行同步糖化发酵所得到的乙醇浓度接近40g/L。

高底物浓度纤维乙醇同步糖化发酵工艺的比较

引言日益加剧的能源危机和环境污染,正迫使人们寻求新的可再生替代能源。纤维乙醇作为一种重要的生物质替代能源,经过近40多年的发展,已经具备了实现工业化生产的潜力。