Surface-to-bulk engineering with high-valence W^(6+) enabling stabilized single-crystal LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2) cathode

Single-crystal Nickel-rich layered oxides has been recognized as one of the promising cathodes for nextgeneration lithium batteries on account of their high capacity,while its practical application was hindered by structural instability and slow Li^(+) transfer kinetics.Herein,a surface-to-bulk engineered single-crystal LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(Ni90) cathode,which features W-doped bulk and Li_(2)WO_(4) surface layer,was successfully achieved by a one-step high-valence W^(6+) modification.The as-obtained W-modified Ni90 delivers excellent cycling stability(89.8% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5 C)and rate capability.The enhanced electrochemical performance was ascribed to the doped-W induced stabilized lattice oxygen,reduced Li^(+)/Ni^(2+) mixing and inhibited H2-H3 phase transition in the bulk,and Li_(2)WO_(4) layer generated stabilized cathode/electrolyte interface.In addition,the thinner LiF-rich cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) on surface and smaller grain size for W-modified Ni90 benefit to its Li^(+) diffusion dynamics.The effect of high-valence W^(6+)on single-crystal Ni-rich cathode was firstly revealed in detail,which deepens the understanding of electrochemical behavior of Ni-rich cathode with high-valence cations modification,and provides clues for design of high-performance layered cathodes.

Topotactically constructed nickel-iron(oxy)hydroxide with abundant in-situ produced high-valent iron species for efficient water oxidation

The low efficiency of oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is regarded as one of the major roadblocks for metal-air batteries and water electrolysis.Herein,a high-performance OER catalyst of NiFe_(0.2)(oxy)hydroxide(NiFe_(0.2)-O_(x)H_(y)) was developed through topotactic transformation of a Prussian blue analogue in an alkaline solution,which exhibits a low overpotential of only 263 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) and a small Tafel slope of 35 mV dec-1.Ex-situ/operando Raman spectroscopy results indicated that the phase structure of NiFe_(0.2)-O_(x)H_(y) was irreversibly transformed from the type of α-Ni(OH)_(2) to γ-NiOOH with applying an anodic potential,while ex-situ/operando 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopic studies evidenced the in-situ production of abundant high-valent iron species under OER conditions,which effectively promoted the OER catalysis.Our work elucidates that the amount of high-valent iron species in-situ produced in the NiFe(oxy)hydroxide has a positive correlation with its water oxidation reaction performance,which further deepens the understanding of the mechanism of NiFe-based electrocatalysts.

Enhancing water-dissociation kinetics and optimizing intermediates adsorption free energy of cobalt phosphide via high-valence Zr incorporating for alkaline water electrolysis

Developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is required to enhance the sluggish kinetics of water dissociation and optimize the adsorption free energy of reaction intermediates.Herein,we tackle this challenge by incorporating high-valence Zr into CoP(ZrxCo_(1-x)P),which significantly accelerates the elementary steps of water electrolysis.Theoretical calculations indicate that the appropriate Zr incorporation effectively expedites the sluggish H2O dissociation kinetics and optimizes the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates for boosting the alkaline water electrolysis.These are confirmed by the experimental results of Zr_(0.06)Co_(0.94)P catalyst that delivers exceptional electrochemical activity.The overpotentials at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)(j10) are only 62(HER) and 240 mV(OER) in alkaline media.Furthermore,the Zr_(0.06)Co_(0.94)P/CC‖Zr_(0.06)Co_(0.94)P/CC system exhibits superior overall water splitting activity(1.53 V/j10),surpassing most of the reported bifunctional catalysts.This high-valence Zr incorporation and material design methods explore new avenues for realizing high-performance non-noble metal electrocatalysts.

甲状旁腺功能亢进症高频超声联合^(99m)Tc-MIBI显像与血清甲状旁腺激素相关性研究

目的:探讨甲状旁腺功能亢进患者血清甲状旁腺激素与高频超声特征及^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT显像半定量参数T/NT的相关性,提示多种影像学联合对甲状旁腺功能亢进程度的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析70例依据手术病理或指南定性诊断为甲状旁腺功能亢进症并均行高频超声及^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT显像检查的患者,评价甲状旁腺功能亢进患者高频超声特征、^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT显像半定量参数T/NT与血清甲状旁腺激素的相关性,并探讨二者对甲状旁腺功能亢进程度的预测价值。结果:70例研究对象中,原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(PHPT)和继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)患者两组间T/NT值、血流半定量评分差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。高频超声检出病变甲状旁腺腺体个数与血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)的一致性较差,血清PTH与病变腺体总体积、高频超声血流半定量评分、T/NT值相关性系数分别为0.289、0.460、0.453,相关性具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);T/NT值与病变腺体总体积、高频超声血流半定量评分无相关性(P均>0.05)。以血清PTH=300 pg/mL作为判断亢进程度为重度和非重度的截断值,绘制腺体体积、血流评分及T/NT值的ROC曲线:腺体体积、血流评分、^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT显像T/NT值曲线下面积分别为0.824、0.831、0.702,敏感度分别为92.3%、80.8%、60.1%,特异度分别为65.9%、68.2%、88.9%;三种指标联合诊断曲线下面积0.865,敏感度72.0%,特异度91.1%(P均<0.05)。结论:病变甲状旁腺体积、血流半定量评分、^(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT显像半定量参数T/NT值对血清PTH水平升高程度均有较好的预测价值,多指标联合更准确地反映了病变甲状旁腺功能亢进程度,可为治疗方式的选择提供有益补充。

锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液联合甲氨蝶呤及硫酸羟氯喹治疗对类风湿性关节炎患者红细胞沉降率及类风湿因子的影响

目的:探究锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液联合甲氨蝶呤及硫酸羟氯喹治疗对类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者红细胞沉降率(ESR)及类风湿因子(RF)的影响。方法:选取2021年4月—2022年5月抚州市立医院收治的RA患者66例,选用随机数字表法分为两组,各33例。对照组接受甲氨蝶呤及硫酸羟氯喹治疗,观察组接受锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液联合甲氨蝶呤及硫酸羟氯喹治疗,两组均持续治疗3个月。对比两组临床疗效、炎症因子水平、ESR及RF、类风湿关节炎活动度(DAS28)评分、症状改善情况、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、不良反应。结果:观察组临床总有效率为96.97%(32/33),高于对照组的75.76%(25/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组白介素-6(IL-6)(3.52±0.47)pg/mL,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)(3.91±1.02)pg/mL,C蛋白反应(CRP)(12.33±5.15)mg/L,RF(31.62±15.16)IU/mL,ESR(25.89±10.69)mm/h,均低于对照组的(8.03±1.02)pg/mL、(7.94±2.54)pg/mL、(16.38±6.41)mg/L、(42.98±16.87)IU/mL、(35.92±11.84)mm/h,关节肿胀数目(2.01±0.45)个,关节压痛数目(4.15±1.31)个,均少于对照组的(4.05±1.56)、(6.14±2.02)个,僵硬时间(25.56±9.13)min,短于对照组的(32.85±11.85)min,双手平均握力(12.03±2.91)kPa,高于对照组的(9.51±1.05)kPa,DAS28评分(2.02±0.74)分,VAS评分(2.12±0.29)分,均低于对照组的(4.38±1.29)、(4.15±0.57)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液联合甲氨蝶呤及硫酸羟氯喹在RA患者中应用效果较佳,能够减轻炎症反应,改善临床症状及关节活动度,减轻疼痛,且未增加不良反应。

锝[^(99m)Tc]放射性药品注射用配套药盒中Sn(II)含量测定方法概述

氯化亚锡的含量是锝[^(99m)Tc]放射性药品注射用配套药盒质量控制的重要指标之一,直接影响锝[^(99m)Tc]放射性药品的临床使用效果,选择合适的分析方法对其进行准确测定至关重要。通过对比《中国药典》2020年版收录的放射性药品质量标准以及相关文献资料,对常用的氯化亚锡含量测定方法包括电位分析法、分光光度法、高效液相色谱法等的特点、测定原理以及应用进行分析总结,可为建立更科学、合理的锝[^(99m)Tc]放射性药品注射用配套药盒质量标准提供技术参考。

不同标记时间的锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液在靶器官中放射性摄取量的显著性差异分析

目的判断在标记后第0小时和标记后第6小时锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液在小鼠肝脏和甲状腺中的放射性摄取率是否存在显著差异,为产品有效期的制定提供依据。方法以3批锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液和9只小鼠为实验对象,将小鼠分为3组,每组3只。通过尾静脉注射的方式向第1~3组小鼠体内注射第1~3批标记后第0小时的锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液604~734kBq,通过单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)对实验数据进行统计分析,先行判断批间显著性差异;以3批锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液和18只小鼠为实验对象,将小鼠分为6组,每组3只。其中,通过尾静脉注射的方式向第1~3组小鼠体内注射第1~3批标记后第0小时的锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液440~584kBq,同法向第4~6组小鼠体内注射第1~3批标记后第6小时的锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液440~584kBq,通过单因素方差分析对实验数据进行统计分析。结果第1~3组小鼠肝脏和甲状腺摄取率的假设检验F值分别为0.307和0.800,均小于F-crit值5.143,即3批锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液的肝与甲状腺放射性摄取率差异没有统计学意义;第1~3组、4~6组小鼠肝脏和甲状腺摄取率的假设检验F值分别为0.084和0.941,均小于F-cirt值4.494,即标记后0h和标记后6h的锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液在小鼠体内的分布差异无统计学意义。结论标记6h后的锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液在小鼠肝脏和甲状腺的放射性摄取率均满足药典要求,且药物仍然可以保持良好的生物分布特性,锝[^(99)Tc^(m)]植酸盐注射液的有效期制定为不大于6h。

Direct technetium-99m labeling of anti-hepatoma monoclonal antibody fragment:a radioimmunoconjugate for hepatocellular carcinoma imaging

AIM To directly radiolabel an anti-hepatomamAb fragment HAb18 F（ab’）2 with 99mTc bystannous-reduced method,and assess thestability,biodistribution and radioimmun-oimaging（RⅡ）.METHODS Immunoreactive fraction wasdetermined according to Lindmo’s method.Ellman’s reagent was used to determine thenumber of thiols in the reduced F（ab’）2.Labelingefficiency and homogeneity were measured bypaper chromatography,sodium dodecylsulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（SDS-PAGE）and autoradiography.Challenge assay involvedthe incubation of aliquots of labeled antibody inethylenediaminetetraacetate（ EDTA ）and L-cysteine（L-cys）solutions with different molarratio at 37℃ for 1h,respectively.Investigationsin vivo utilized nude mice bearing humanhepatocellular carcinoma（HHCC）xenograftswith gamma camera imaging and tissuebiodistribution studies at regular intervals.RESULTS The labeling procedure was finishedwithin 1.5 h compared with the'pretinning'method which would take at least 21h.In vitrostudies demonstrated that the radiolabeled mAbfragment was homogeneous and retained itsimmunoreactivity.Challenge studies indicatedthat 99mTc-labeled HAb18 F（ab’）2 in EDTA is morestable than in L-cys.Imaging and biodistribution showed a significant tumor uptake at 24 h post-injection of 99mTc-labeled HAb18 F（ab’）2.Theblood,kidney,liver and tumor uptakes at 24hwere 0.56±0.09,56.45±11.36,1.43±0.27 and6.57±3.01（%ID/g）,respectively.CONCLUSION 99mTc-HAb18 F（ab’）2 conjugateprepared by this direct method appears to be aneffective way to detect hepatoma in nude micemodel.

Effect of Technetium-99 Conjugated with Methylene Diphosphonate on IgM-RF,IgG-RF and IgA-RF

To explore the effect of technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ( 99 Tc-MDP) on IgM-RF, IgG-RF and IgA-RF (RFs), 47 cases were selected for study, including 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 15 patients with joint pain/arthritis. After 99 Tc-MDP for drips model being given to the patients by intravenous drip 0.2 g daily for 5 days, the injection A and B models of 99 Tc-MDP were used to the patients by intravenous injection one set daily for 10 days, that was one course of treatment. The next course started after 10 days. Each case used it from 2 to 4 courses of treatment. The RFs in serum were determined by the method of enzyme-linked immunoabsorption assay (ELISA) before and after 2 and 4 courses of treatment. In the patients with RA, the concentrations of IgM-RF were 296.2±108.4 IU/ml, 189.5±92.3 IU/ml and 107.8±72.5 IU/ml; the concentrations of IgG-RF were 325.6±126.2 IU/ml, 209.7±98.2 IU/ml and 160.2±80.8 IU/ml; the concentrations of IgA-RF were 330.4±136.3 IU/ml, 210.7±89.2 IU/ml and 148.8±72.2 IU/ml before and after 2 and 4 courses of treatment, respectively. The concentrations of the above RFs were significantly lower after 2 and 4 courses than those before treatment ( P <0.05 and P <0.01). There was no significant difference in RFs concentrations in the patients with joint pain/arthritis before and after use of 99 Tc-MDP. In the patients with positive RFs before treatment, the RFs concentrations were decreased significantly after 2 and 4 courses of treatment ( P <0.05 and P <0.01). There was no obvious change of RFs concentrations in the patients with negative RFs after treatment of 99 Tc-MDP. It was concluded that 99 Tc-MDP could obviously reduce the abnormally high concentrations of RFs, but not influence the normal RFs, which indicated that 99 Tc-MDP has an important effect on controlling the activities of RA.

Technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging for detecting prosthetic joint infection in a rabbit model

Accurate and timely diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is essential to initiate early treatment and achieve a favorable outcome. In this study, we used a rabbit model to assess the feasibility of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V for detecting prosthetic joint infection. Right knee arthroplasty was performed on 24 New Zealand rabbits. After surgery, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was intra-articularly injected to create a model of prosthetic joint infection （the infected group, n = 12）. Rabbits in the control group were injected with sterile saline （n= 12）. Seven and 21 days after surgery, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging was per- formed in 6 rabbits of each group. Images were acquired 1 and 4 hours after injection of technetium-99m- labeled annexin V （150 MBq）. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios were calculated for quantitative ana- lysis. Seven days after surgery, increased technetium-99m-labeled annexin V uptake was observed in all cases. However, at 21 days a notable decrease was found in the control group, but not in the infected group. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the infected group were 1.84 ±0.29 in the early phase and 2.19 ±0.34 in the delay phase, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group （P=0.03 and P=0.02）. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the delay phase at 21 days was the best indicator, with an accuracy of 80%. In conclusion, technetium- 99m-labeled annexin V imaging could effectively distinguish an infected prosthetic joint from an uninfected prosthetic joint in a rabbit model.

Leukocyte-technetium-99m uptake in Crohn's disease:Does it show subclinical disease?

AIM:To evaluate inflammatory activity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) using technetium-99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) granulocyte scintigraphy.METHODS: Twenty patients (7 male and 13 female) with CD and five healthy volunteers were selected for 99mTc-HMPAO granulocyte scintigraphy. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), blood tests and C-reactive protein (CRP) of each patient were performed 7 d before the scintigraphic images. The leukocytes were labeled according to the International Society of Radiolabeled Blood Elements (ISORBE) consensus protocol and the scintigraphic images, including single photon emission computed tomography, were obtained 30 min and 2 h after injection of the radiolabeled leukocytes.RESULTS:The labeling yield of the leukocytes with the lipophilic complex 99mTc-HMPAO was 55.0%±10%. Six of the 20 patients (30%) presented congruent results for the three parameters investigated (CDAI, Scintigraphic Index and CRP). On the other hand, 14 patients (70%) did not show congruent results. There was no significant correlation between the indices analyzed according to the Spearman test (P>0.05,n=20).CONCLUSION: The results suggest that 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy could be important for determining inflammatory activity in CD even in the absence of clinical symptoms.

First-principles calculations of lattice stability of technetium and rhenium

Lattice constants, total energies and densities of state of technetium(Tc) and rhenium(Re) with different crystalline structures were calculated with the GGA+PBE function, ultra-soft pseudo-potential and plane wave method in first-principles. The results were compared with those of projector augmented wave(PAW) method in first-principles and experimental data. The lattice stability results prove that HCP phase is the most stable phase, which agrees well with those of PAW method in first-principles and CALPHAD method. Further analyses of densities of state also give the same result of lattice stability for HCP-, FCC-, BCC-Tc and Re. Analyses of atomic populations show that the lattice stability of technetium and rhenium is probably related to the electrons in p and d state.

Technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan for diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome: A prospective study comparing brain uptake and whole-body uptake

BACKGROUND Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an arterial oxygenation defect induced by intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD) in the setting of liver disease and/or portal hypertension.This syndrome occurs most often in cirrhotic patients(4%-32%) and has been shown to be detrimental to functional status,quality of life,and survival.The diagnosis of HPS in the setting of liver disease and/or portal hypertension requires the demonstration of IPVD (i.e.,diffuse or localized abnormally dilated pulmonary capillaries and pulmonary and pleural arteriovenous communications) and arterial oxygenation defects,preferably by contrast-enhanced echocardiography and measurement of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient,respectively.AIM To compare brain and whole-body uptake of technetium for diagnosing HPS.METHODS Sixty-nine patients with chronic liver disease and/or portal hypertension were prospectively included.Brain uptake and whole-body uptake were calculated using the geometric mean of technetium counts in the brain and lungs and in the entire body and lungs,respectively.RESULTS Thirty-two (46%) patients had IPVD as detected by contrast-enhancedechocardiography.The demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients with and without IPVD were not significantly different with the exception of the creatinine level (0.71±0.18 mg/dL vs 0.83±0.23 mg/dL;P=0.041),alveolararterial oxygen gradient (23.2±13.3 mmHg vs 16.4±14.1 mmHg;P=0.043),and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (81.0±12.1 mmHg vs 90.1±12.8 mmHg;P=0.004).Whole-body uptake was significantly higher in patients with IPVD than in patients without IPVD (48.0%±6.1%vs 40.1%±8.1%;P=0.001).The area under the curve of whole-body uptake for detecting IPVD was significantly higher than that of brain uptake (0.75 vs 0.54;P=0.025).The optimal cut-off values of brain uptake and whole-body uptake for detecting IPVD were 5.7%and 42.5%,respectively,based on Youden’s index.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of brain uptake> 5.7%and whole-body uptake> 42.5%for detecting IPVD were23%,89%,and 59%and 100%,52%,and 74%,respectively.CONCLUSION Whole-body uptake is superior to brain uptake for diagnosing HPS.

2-41 Gas-phase Chemistry of Technetium Carbonyl Complexes

Gas-phase chemical behaviors of short-lived technetium carbonyls were studied by using low temperature isothermalchromatograph (IC) coupled with a 252Cf spontaneous fission (SF) source. Fission products recoiled from the252Cf SF source were thermalized in a CO contained mixed gas, and then technetium carbonyls were formed inreactions of CO gas and various technetium isotopes. A gas-jet system was employed to transport the volatilecarbonyls from a recoil chamber to the IC. Short IC columns made of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) Teflonand quartz were used to obtain the chemical information of technetium carbonyls. The results of 104Tc -106Tc car-bonyls were found to be strongly influenced by theirprecursors, showing the chemical behaviors of 104Mo-106Mo carbonyls, respectively. However, 107Tc and108Tc could represent the chemical information of elementtechnetium, due to their high independent yieldsand very short half-lives of their precursors 107Mo and108Mo.

Quantitative Analysis of the Tomographic Technetium-99m MIBI (^(99m)Tc-MIBI) Myocardial Bullseye Display: Application to Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease

In this study, the 99mTc-MIBI myocardial bullseye display of 31 healthy persons and 34 patients with myocardial ischemia and 17 patients with myocardial infarction were analyzed quantitatively, and compared with the results of myocardial tomography analysis and qualitative bullseye analysis. The sensitivities of the three methods were 88.2%, 91.2 % and 94.1 % respectively (P>0.05),and the specificities were 93. 5%, 83, 9% and 83. 9% respectively (P<0.05).On the other hand, the quantitative analysis obviously outperformed the other two methods in the detection of ischemic segments of myocardium near infarction zone (P<0. 01). The quantitative analysis of 99mTc-MIBI myocardial bullseye (quantitative bullseye) was an objective, specific and sensitive method for diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Removal of Technetium (⁹⁹Tc) from Aqueous Waste by Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded into Activated Carbon

Technetium-99 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 2.13 × 105 year. 99Tc is a significant contaminant of concern to the world. For this reason, a detailed understanding of technetium chemistry is essential for the protecting the public and the environment especially after increasing the various applications and uses of isotopes in the medical practices. Therefore, treatment of waste increases prior to the safe discharge to the environment or the storage. The sorption of technetium in the form of pertechnetate on a nano manganese oxide loaded into activated carbon has been investigated. Nano manganese oxide (NMO) was synthesized from manganese chloride and potassium permanganate by co-precipitation and forming a new composite by loading a nanoparticle into a modified activated carbon by different ratios. Modifications of activated carbons using different concentrations of HNO3 (4 M, 6 M and 8 M) are used in prepared composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the prepared composites. The adsorption of anions from low level radioactive aqueous waste was examined using batch technique. Different parameters affecting on the adsorption process were studied for the removal of . The results revealed that NMO/AC (4 M, 6 M and 8 M) has a high adsorption efficiency (93.57%, 90.3% and 90.3%) respectively compared to NMO and AC which have a lower adsorption efficiency (41% and 38.9%) respectively. Moreover, the adsorption isotherm belonged to Freundlich model, the adsorption data followed pseudo-second order model and the thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption of on Nano-composites was an exothermic and spontaneous process.

锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液对类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用及对心理弹性、生活质量的影响

目的探讨锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液对类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用及对心理弹性、生活质量的影响。方法选取2021年1-12月黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院类风湿性关节炎患者100例为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组采用传统治疗方案(甲氨蝶呤片+来氟米特),观察组在对照组基础上加用锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液进行治疗。统计分析两组临床治疗效果、心理弹性、生活质量。结果用药后,观察组压痛关节计数、肿胀关节计数、疼痛评分、患者对疾病总体状况的自我评分、第三方医生对患者目前疾病总体状况的评分、类风湿因子、血沉、C反应蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);用药后,观察组乐观性、力量性、韧性评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组生活质量评分为(91.45±5.52)分,高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=12.143,P<0.05)。结论锝[^(99)Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液对类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用显著,能够改善患者的心理弹性、生活质量。

Nanopore-rich NiFe LDH targets the formation of the high-valent nickel for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

Nickel-iron layered double hydroxides(NiFe LDHs)represent a promising candidate for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),however,are still confronted with insufficient activity,due to the slow kinetics of electrooxidation of Ni^(2+)cations for the high-valent active sites.Herein,nanopore-rich NiFe LDH(PR-NiFe LDH)nanosheets were proposed for enhancing the OER activity together with stability.In the designed catalyst,the confined nanopores create abundant unsaturated Ni sites at edges,and decrease the migration distance of protons down to the scale of their mean free path,thus promoting the formation of high-valent Ni^(3+)/^(4+)active sites.The unique configuration further improves the OER stability by releasing the lattice stress and accelerating the neutralization of the local acidity during the phase transformation.Thus,the optimized PR-NiFe LDH catalysts exhibit an ultralow overpotential of 278 mV at 10 mA∙cm^(−2)and a small Tafel slope of 75 mV∙dec^(−1),which are competitive among the advanced LDHs based catalysts.Moreover,the RP-NiFe LDH catalyst was implemented in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolyzer devices and operated steadily at a high catalytic current of 2 A over 80 h.These results demonstrated that PR-NiFe LDH could be a viable candidate for the practical electrolyzer.This concept also provides valuable insights into the design of other catalysts for OER and beyond.

^(99m)Tc标记的前列腺特异性膜抗原抑制剂HYNIC-P137的制备与临床转化

为开发低膀胱滞留的前列腺癌SPECT显像剂,在68 Ga-P137结构的基础上制备了^(99m)Tc-P137,对其进行临床前评估和初步的临床转化研究。通过固相合成方法制备标记前体HYNIC-P137,用EDDA作为共配体对前体进行^(99m)Tc标记,并对产物^(99m)Tc-P137进行质控。考察^(99m)Tc-P137的脂水分配系数和体外稳定性,考察其在PSMA阳性细胞和阴性细胞上的摄取和抑制。进行正常昆明小鼠的生物分布和荷瘤鼠的SPECT/CT显像,最后进行临床转化研究。结果表明,前体HYNIC-P137的固相合成方便易得,标记产物^(99m)Tc-P137的放化纯度接近100%,体外稳定性好,亲水性较强。正常昆明小鼠生物分布显示,该探针血液清除较快,主要通过肾脏代谢。荷瘤鼠的小动物SPECT/CT显示,^(99m)Tc-P137主要在PSMA阳性肿瘤和肾脏区域浓集,且均可被明显抑制,显示出高度的体内特异性。临床转化显示,^(99m)Tc-P137在膀胱蓄积较低,肝内放射性较高,对前列腺癌原位灶和淋巴结转移均具有良好的检出性能。研究表明,^(99m)Tc-P137有望成为高亲和性、低膀胱滞留的新型三七素类SPECT前列腺癌显像探针。

模拟高放废物地质处置条件下锝在去离子水体系中的胶体行为

^(99)Tc是高放废物地质处置中重点关注的关键核素,深地质处置条件下其在地下水中的胶体行为对其迁移行为可能存在较大影响,亟需系统开展研究。本文在模拟高放废物地质处置的低氧和低浓(氧气含量小于5 ppm、^(99)Tc初始浓度10^(-9)~10^(-5) mol/L)条件下,首先探讨了用膜过滤法研究锝胶体行为的可行性,发现pH值和离子强度等对^(99)Tc的液闪测定无明显影响,且过滤器对Tc(Ⅳ)和Tc(Ⅶ)均无显著吸附行为,基于此初步建立了锝胶体行为研究的膜过滤实验方法,并采用该方法研究了去离子水体系中锝的胶体行为。结果表明:Tc(Ⅶ)不易发生水解反应,在低氧条件下无明显胶体行为,并能长期稳定地存在于体系中,可能具有较强的迁移能力;Tc(Ⅳ)易水解而聚集为胶体,在较宽pH值范围内(pH=4~11)以真胶体形式在398 d实验周期内较长期地稳定存在于体系中,其浓度高于以离子形态存在的Tc(Ⅳ)的数倍甚至1个数量级,所形成的胶体可能会提高地质处置条件下Tc(Ⅳ)的迁移能力,但体系离子强度升高会使Tc(Ⅳ)胶体易凝聚为大颗粒物质甚至沉淀,导致锝以真胶体形态存在和迁移的可能性降低,因此高放废物处置中,锝胶体行为对其迁移行为的影响应予以足够重视和研究。