Selection of Greenhouse Zucchini Varieties and High-Quality,High-Yield and High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques

[Objectives]To select zucchini varieties suitable for cultivation in Zibo City and test its high-yield cultivation techniques.[Methods]Six zucchini varieties were introduced,and their commercial quality and yield were determined.[Results]The yield of Shengfeier,Xiuyu 170 and Xihulu 309 increased by 11.4%,6.9%and 4.6%,respectively compared with S68(control),and zucchini was straight,looked pleasing to the eye,and had strong disease resistance.[Conclusions]The zucchini varieties were selected and the high-quality,high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques were integrated.

Changes in Some Physiological Characteristics After Full Heading Stage in Flag Leaves of Super High-Yielding Inbred Rice

In a field experiment, rice cultivar Shanyou 63 was used as a check cultivar to investigate the changes in activity of peroxidase and contents of malondialdehyde and soluble protein after full heading stage in flag leaves of two super high-yielding inbred rice, including Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan. The results showed that the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents in the leaves of the three cultivars tended to increase gradually to peak values and thereafter descended during stage after full heading. Moreover, both the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents of Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan peaked at 8 days after full heading, which was compared with that of Shanyou 63 at 4 days later. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde contents in the leaves of the three cultivars increased gradually after full heading stage. In addition, activities of peroxidase and contents of malondialdehyde and soluble protein in different cultivars were various at the same time. In general, for Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan, the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents were higher than those of Shanyou 63, whereas the malondialdehyde contents were lower compared with that of Shanyou 63. And these features could make the senescence of leaf become later and slower and photosynthetic product was more in Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan than that in Shanyou 63.

High-yield Characteristics of Summer Sowing Soybean Varieties

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of high-yield soybean varieties.[Method] The agronomic traits of six high-yield soybean varieties and other 57 summer sowing ones were investigated from 2007 to 2010.[Result] The higher-yield summer sowing soybean varieties should have higher plants （R=0.551 6＊）,more effective pods （R=0.739 7＊）,more seeds per pod （R=0.318 9）,more flowers per plant （＞130）,higher pod setting rate （＞52％）,smaller ratio of aborted pods （＜40％）,longer tap roots （more than 20 cm） and lateral roots （more than 15 cm）,shorter bottom nodes （the length of six bottom nodes should be less than 25 cm）,lower center of gravity of the plant （＜40 cm）,greater stem dry weight,higher dry matter transformation rate and continuously increasing seed weight in late seed filling stage.The ideal growth stage model for summer sowing soybean was that the durations between adjacent stages of sowing,seedling emergence,flowering,seed setting and maturity stage were 5,29-33,29-33,32-36 d,respectively.[Conclusion] This pattern could not only satisfy the ecological conditions for double cropping system,but also balance the full development of vegetative and reproductive growth,promote the yield formation of summer sowing soybean.

A high-yield and mid-maturity japonica variety——Chunjiang 03

Chunjiang 03,a late season japonica rice vari-ety developed by CNRRI in 1990,was derivedfrom the cross of Xiushui 11/T82-25.From1994 to 1996,it was tested in provincial riceadaptability trials and provincial rice produc-tivity trials in Hubei and Anhui provinces.Itreached a high yield with an average of 7500kg/ha in large-scale paddy field(see table),and released commercially in 1997 and 1998 inHubei and Anhui provinces,respectively.Thetotal area planted was up to 112000ha,main-ly in the above two provinces.

A blast-resistant and high-yielding rice variety Shuangchao 25

Shuangchao 25 was derived from the cross ofShuanggui 36/Kang 2 in 1983.The female parentwas a panicle-number type with quick growth andstrong-tiUering ability.The male parent was apanicle-weight type with Bl and BB resistance.The segregated progenies were selected by the"Method of Combination and Population Selec-

High-yielding rice variety Zhong 83-49

The early season indica rice variety Zhong83-49 was developed in 1981 as one of theFbreeding lines by selections from IR24/Yuanfengzao(F)//Zhuke 2.After various tri-als and tests,Zhong 83-49 has been proved to be a

Survey on Early-bearing High-yielding Model Plantation of Camellia oleifera

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen the best variety and optimum planting density for constructing early-bearing high-yielding model plantation of Camellia oleifera. [Methed] This survey was carried out in two demonstration bases, one for investigating the relationship between different cultivated varieties with growth and production, the other for investigating the relationship between different planting densities with growth and production. [Result] For different cultivated varieties, Cenruan 2 showed tree height, ground diameter and crown product significantly higher than other two varieties, besides, the per unit area fruit yield of Cenruan 2 was also significantly higher than other two varieties. From flower bud differentiation,the best variety was Changlin 4, which showed number of differentiated flower buds significantly higher than Changlin 27, but there were no significant differences between Cenruan 2 with Changlin 4 and Changlin 27. For different planting densities, plant height and crown product at planting density of 1.5 m×2 m were significantly higher than those of other two planting densities, but from ground diam- eter, the best planting density was 1.5 m×1.0 m, with a ground diameter significantly higher than other two planting densities. From per unit area fruit yield, the best planting density was 1.5 m×2.0 m, under which early plant growth and fruit production were better. Therefore, the best planting density is 2.0 m ×3.0 m when constructing early-bearing high-yielding model plantations. For variety Cenruan 3, it＇s fruit production is high in the early pedod, and the best planting density is 1.5 m× 2.0 m or 1.0 m×1.5 m when constructing early-bearing high-yielding model plantations, and after 4-6 years when it put into production, the plants could be transplanted.

密植育种法在选育玉米自交系中的应用

种植密度影响到玉米群体内小气候,进而影响玉米的生长发育。在自交系选育过程中,通过提高种植密度增加个体间竞争压力,可以提高自交系的选择效果。

我国常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异分析

采用40个SSR标记,分析了329份我国近50年来常规稻主栽品种的遗传变异。结果显示,39个SSR标记具有多态性,在多态性位点共检测到223个等位基因,每个位点2～11个,平均5.7个;平均Nei基因多样性指数(He)为0.632。籼粳亚种间的SSR变异差异明显,籼稻平均等位基因数(Na)和Nei基因多样性指数(Na=5.4,He=0.440)均高于粳稻品种(Na=4.4,He=0.397)。Nei遗传相似系数表明总体样本具有较小的遗传相似度(I=0.366),而骨干亲本具有较高的遗传相似度(籼:I=0.590;粳:I=0.590)。这导致了籼粳亚种内较高的遗传一致性(籼:I=0.558;粳:I=0.600)。早、中、晚稻各类型遗传相似度差异明显,晚籼和早粳类型具有较高的遗传变异。籼粳稻品种尤其是粳稻的聚类结果显示出较强的季节型和地域特征。这些均提示育种家应选择更广泛的亲本源以拓宽选育品种的遗传基础。

玉米骨干自交系京2416的选育与应用

京2416是北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心以京24和5237两个优良黄改系构建(京24×5237)×京24基础材料,利用同群优系聚合和"高大严"自交系选育方法,创制选育出的优良黄改群自交系。具有熟期早、脱水快、耐干旱、抗高温、株型紧凑、叶色浓绿、适宜性广、散粉性好、自身产量及配合力高等多方面优点。利用该自交系育成并通过审定的玉米杂交种已有21个,种植面积100万亩以上的杂交种有京农科728、NK718、MC121、MC812等,其中京农科728为我国首批通过籽粒机收审定的玉米品种,并作为我国黄淮海区玉米籽粒机收组区域试验对照品种。京2416已经成为国家玉米良种重大攻关、国家玉米产业技术体系、七大农作物育种等多个重点项目及育种平台研究应用的骨干自交系。

红鲫近交系的建立

目的 应用人工雌核发育繁殖技术建立红鲫近交系。方法 红鲫卵子被经紫外线照射的鲤鱼精子激活后 ,在 0～ 4℃的温度下进行冷休克处理 30min ,再在常温下静水孵化 ;以红体色为遗传标记 ,在连续 2代雌核发育子代中选择二倍体红鲫 ,放置水泥池中常规饲养 ;用同样的人工雌核发育繁殖技术进行保种 ,随机交配繁殖 1～ 2代供应实验 ;用常规方法测量形态学指标。结果 红鲫卵子激活率在 91 %以上 ;实验组 2中摄食期仔鱼成活率为1 5 2 0 % ,80 %的成鱼为二倍体红鲫 ,其中有较高比例的遗传上真实的雄性个体。鳞式主要为2 7562 8;鳍式主要为 :D .i,1 7～ 1 8;A .i,6;V .i,7～ 8;P .i,1 5～ 1 6;C .2 4～ 2 5;其他外部形态指标与封闭群红鲫近似。结论 本实验建立的人工雌核发育繁殖技术 ,设备要求简单 ,操作安全可靠 ,并且省时节资 ,完全能够用于培育鱼类近交系 ,本实验结果完全可以满足育种繁殖的要求 ;所获得的二倍体红鲫 ,经同工酶电泳等检测 ,被证实是纯合的 ,具备鱼类近交系品系特征 ;出现遗传上真实的雄性个体是正常的。

中国常规水稻品种的更替趋势和核心骨干亲本研究

【目的】明确新中国成立以来中国常规水稻品种的更替趋势和核心骨干亲本。【方法】追踪、分析中国育成并推广的3 656份常规水稻品种的种植面积和血缘。【结果】新中国建立60年来,中国常规水稻品种经历了矮化育种,出现了8次新品种更新换代,其中,1953—1977年发生了3次,1978—2010年发生了5次。对中国常规新品种育成和产量提高作出重大贡献的核心骨干亲本35个,其中,籼稻19个,粳稻16个。研究同时发现,虽然中国水稻的单产和总产保持了较快增长,但是近30年来种质资源的创新和利用速度逐步减缓,高增产品种推广面积和比例逐渐下降。【结论】60年来中国育成和推广的4 000余份优良常规水稻品种及其8次品种更新换代,是提高中国常规水稻单产和总产的主因。加强优异种质的发掘、引进和创新,克服资源瓶颈是水稻育种目前面临的挑战。

高丹草重组自交系群体的遗传变异与高产种质的创新

高丹草是一年生禾本科新型饲用牧草,提高其饲草产量是高丹草育种的重要目标。以高粱314A×棕壳苏丹草的F2:3遗传作图群体的后代材料建立的重组自交系(Recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体为材料,对后代进行遗传变异和DNA多样性分析。结果表明:通过采用两种方法(性状和分子标记)进行同时选择,获得了9个高产的超亲重组后代。通过SSR标记分析RIL群体的DNA多样性,可知家系间存在较大的遗传变异,杂交重组产生的超亲高产种质分布在不同类群中。鉴定获得了2组SSR遗传距离接近0而且在主要农艺性状和产量等方面相似,只在抗性方面有差异的不同家系。农艺性状和抗性等鉴定试验筛选了4份性状优良的高丹草新种质并已有2份进入区域试验。

山东省玉米生产品种和部分自交系对纹枯病抗性鉴定

连续两年对山东省72份玉米生产品种和30份自交系材料在田间进行纹枯病抗性鉴定,采用被病原菌侵染的高粱粒作为接种物,在玉米拔节中后期接种,按照国家玉米区域试验抗性鉴定标准进行病害分级评定和抗性评价。在102份材料中抗性级别为高抗、抗、中抗、感、高感的比例分别为1.96%、20.59%、24.51%、33.33%、19.61%,生产品种‘登海3号’和‘聊玉22号’对纹枯病表现高抗。

基于温热玉米Suwan-Lancaster群体改良自交系QB446的选育与应用

为扩增我国现有玉米种质基础提供重要理论依据,贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所利用热带玉米Suwan1C11群体与温带Lancaster种质核心系Mo17构建的Suwan1C11×Mo17群体(Suwan-Lancaster)为基础材料,基于群间强优势互补与优良基因聚合选育方法,创制选育出优良苏兰(Suwan-Lancaster)群体温热玉米自交系QB446,该自交系具有产量高、出籽率高、脱水快及配合力高等优点。利用QB446自交系育成并通过审定的玉米杂交种目前有8个,QB446已成为我国南方玉米育种和生产应用的骨干自交系。

常规稻与杂交稻谷的仿生电子鼻分类识别

气味是进行稻谷品种及其品质识别的重要方法之一,作为一种基于仿生嗅觉的机器检测方法,仿生电子鼻在水稻品种的分类识别中具有较好的应用前景。常规稻与杂交稻在食味品质等方面存在一定的差异,为了解应用电子鼻进行常规稻谷与杂交稻谷识别的可行性,采用PEN3电子鼻对同季同地域收获的3种常规稻(中香1号、湘晚13、瑶平香)和3种杂交稻(伍丰优T025、品36、优优122)稻谷样品的气味信息进行了采集和分析。首先通过过载分析(Loadings)法分析了电子鼻检测稻谷气体挥发物时的各传感器贡献率,分别针对基于特征值的提取和稻谷气味检测对电子鼻传感器阵列中的传感器进行了优选,阐明了稻谷气体挥发物检测中应以对硫化物、氮氧化合物、芳香成分和有机硫化物敏感的传感器为主。随后,分别采用主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)、线性判别法(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)和BP神经网络对6种不同稻谷之间、常规稻与杂交稻之间的分类识别进行了研究。结果表明,PCA分析法与LDA分析法在对6种不同稻谷之间的分类以及常规稻与杂交稻之间的分类中均未取得理想的效果,存在部分样本数据点重叠或样本数据点较近的情况,在实际应用中易发生混淆;而BP神经网络在对6种不同稻谷之间的分类中对测试集的识别正确率分别达到了90%,在常规稻与杂交稻之间的分类识别中对测试集的识别正确率达到了96.7%。上述试验验证了电子鼻用于常规稻与杂交稻稻谷分类识别的有效性,为常规稻与杂交稻的快速、无损分类识别提供了一种新的方法。

西瓜新品种宁农科1号的选育及其产量、品质和抗病性评价

为提高压砂西瓜生产的经济效益,宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所选育出压砂地专用中熟西瓜新品种宁农科1号。该品种是以高代自交系M204-3为母本,以自交系F306-7为父本配制的杂种一代,于2010年通过国家品种审定。结果表明,该品种全生育期105d左右,果实发育期35d左右;植株生长势强健,易坐果;果实椭圆形,绿底覆墨绿色条带,外形美观;瓤质红色,脆甜。果实整齐度好,商品率高;是高产、抗病、耐贮运的优质品种。

不同苗龄喷施硝酸银对黄瓜雌性系诱雄效果的研究

以华南型与华北型两个黄瓜雌性系品种为试材,在春、秋两季分别试验,研究不同苗龄用AgNO3诱雄的效果。结果表明,诱雄时期相同,春季、秋季雄花出现的节位大致相同,但秋季处理雄花节位更宽泛;随着处理时期的推移,雄花出现节位减少,雄花数目也远远少于前期处理,30节以上更难出现雄花,在春季这一现象尤为明显;两个雌性系品种之间的诱雄效果差别不明显。

玉米自交系亲缘关系的SSR分析

了解玉米自交系亲缘关系,可明确自交系系谱及所属的杂种优势群,为玉米杂交育种亲本选配提供指导。选用了分别位于10对染色体上的30对引物对35份玉米自交系(部分为改良自交系)进行了SSR(simple sequence repeat)分析。通过银染检测,在35份自交系中共检测出299个等位基因变异,变幅4￣19个,平均9.97个;多态性信息量为0.869￣0.108,平均为0.593。利用UPGMA(Unweighted pair groupmethod arithmetic averages)法将供试自交系划分为5类,并将改良自交系归入相应优势群。该划分结果与根据地理来源、种质系谱的分类结果基本一致,利用SSR进行玉米自交系亲缘关系分析是准确可靠的。分子标记辅助的自交系改良将成为玉米品种改良的重要途径。

西藏林芝地区甘蓝型油菜常规品种农艺性状的主成分分析

对引种的8个半冬性甘蓝型油菜常规品种进行春播,成熟期对其农艺性状进行主成分分析。结果表明,茎枝性状的贡献率为35.30%,对产量的影响最大;单株角果性状的贡献率为28.05%,籽粒重量性状贡献率为22.17%,它们是影响产量的主要因子。在进行半冬性甘蓝型油菜常规品种的引种过程中,应注重选择分枝数较多,主花序较长的材料,同时兼顾单株角果数适中,千粒重较大的性状特征。本试验条件下,供试的8个常规品种均能正常生长和成熟,中双11号、中双10号、中双9号、华双5号表现较高的产量水平,为西藏甘蓝型油菜育种、生产及推广提供科学依据。