Semi-blind Adaptive Beamforming for High-throughput Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Systems

A semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is proposed for wireless systems that employ high-throughput quadrature amplitude modulation signalling. A minimum number of training symbols, equal to the number of receiver antenna arrayts elements, are first utilised to provide a rough initial least squares estimate of the beamformer＇s weight vector. A concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft decision-directed scheme is then applied to adapt the beamformer. This semi-blind adaptive beamforming scheme is capable of converging fast to the minimum mean-square-error beamforming solution, as demonstrated in our simulation study.

A 3-D Polarization Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Method and Constellation Mapping

As a new three-dimensional(3-D)modulation,Polarization Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(PQAM) can be regarded as the combination of Pulse amplitude modulation(PAM) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) Modulation.It can better improve the digital communication efficiency and reduce the Symbol error rate(SER) of the system than one-dimensional or two-dimensional modulation scheme.How to design a feasible constellation is the most concerned problem of PQAM currently.This paper first studies the relationship between the SER theoretical value of PQAM and the distribution of M and N,proposes a new M,N allocation scheme.Secondly,a new and straightforward design method of constructing higher-level 3-D signal constellations,which can be matched with the PQAM,and the constellation can divided into three different structures according to the ary for PQAM.Finally,the simulation results show that:in PQAM system,the modulation scheme and the constellation mapping scheme are proposed in this paper which can effectively reduce the system SER and improve the anti-noise performance of the system.

Pilot-added carrier-phase recovery scheme for Nyquist M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation optical fiber communication system

A new two-stage carrier-phase recovery scheme using a combination of an optical pilot-aided algorithm with the crossed constellation transformation algorithm for either square-framed or non-square-framed M-level- quadrature amplitude modulation （QAM） Nyquist systems is proposed. It is verified in 32- and 128-QAM systems that it can provide high linewidth tolerance with little complexity.

Optimization of Mapping Rule of Bit-Interleaved Turbo Coded Modulation with 16QAM

Optimization of mapping rule of bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is investigated based on different impacts of various encoded bits sequence on Turbo decoding performance. Furthermore, bit-interleaved in-phase and quadrature phase (I-Q) Turbo coded modulation scheme are designed similarly with I-Q trellis coded modulation (TCM). Through performance evaluation and analysis, it can be seen that the novel mapping rule outperforms traditional one and the I-Q Turbo coded modulation can not achieve good performance as expected. Therefore, there is not obvious advantage in using I-Q method in bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation.

Experimental performance evaluation of quadrature amplitude modulation signal transmission in a silicon microring

We comprehensively characterize the transmission performance of m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(m-QAM) signals through a silicon microring resonator in the experiment. Using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing based on offset QAM(OFDM/OQAM) which is modulated with m-QAM modulations, we demonstrate low-penalty data transmission of OFDM/OQAM 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM, and 512-QAM signals in a silicon microring resonator. The observed optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR) penalties are 1.7 dB for 64-QAM,1.7 dB for 128-QAM, and 3.1 dB for 256-QAM at a bit-error rate(BER) of 2 × 10^(-3) and 3.3 dB for 512-QAM at a BER of 2 × 10^(-2). The performance degradation due to the wavelength detuning from the microring resonance is evaluated, showing a wavelength range of ~0.48 nm with BER below 2 × 10^(-3). Moreover, we demonstrate data transmission of 191.2-Gbit/s simultaneous eight wavelength channel OFDM/OQAM 256-QAM signals in a silicon microring resonator, achieving OSNR penalties less than 2 dB at a BER of 2 × 10^(-2).

10 Gb/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation signal delivery over a wireless fiber system by using a directly modulated laser for electrical/optical conversion

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme to realize electrical/optical （E/O） conversion on the receiver side of a wireless fiber integration system at the W band. At the receiver, a directly modulated laser （DML） is used to realize E/O conversion. The received 85 GHz wireless millimeter-wave （mm-wave） signal is first down-converted into a 10 GHz electrical intermediate-frequency （IF） signal to overcome the insufficient band- width of the subsequent DML. Then, two cascaded electrical amplifiers （EAs） are employed to boost the elec- trical IF signal before it is used to drive a DML. By using this scheme, we transmit a 10 Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation （16QAM） signal over a 10 m wireless link, and then deliver it over a 2 km single-mode fiber-28 （SMF-28） wire link with a bit error ratio （BER） that is less than the hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 3.8× 10^-3. Our experimental results show that the DML is good device to be used for the E/O conversion of a 16OAM signal.

AN IMPROVED AND EFFICIENT DETECTION SCHEME FOR V-BLAST SYSTEMS WITH QAM MODULATION

The paper proposed an improved Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation(OSIC) detection scheme for V-BLAST systems with square/rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) modulation.It utilizes an equivalent real-valued vector expression of relationship between transmit signals and received signals,exploits the constellation's product-form structure and can eventually make the order,in which components of the transmit signals vector are extracted,more "optimal" in some sense.Thereby,it can offer an improved error probability as compared to the conventional OSIC detection scheme.In addition,the paper also proposes an efficient projection al-gorithm to calculate nulling vectors in a simple recursive fashion in order to avoid the vast increase of complexity,which is due to the fact that the original complex N -dimensional data vector and M×N channel matrix are transformed into a real 2N -dimensional data vector and a real 2M ×2N channel matrix respectively.A scrutinous complexity analysis shows that the complexity increases by only 33% as compared to the conventional scheme.

Iterative Demodulation and Decoding Scheme with 16 QAM

Iterative demodulation and decoding scheme is analyzed and modulation labeling is considered to be one of the crucial factors to this scheme. By analyzing the existent mapping design criterion, four aspects are found as the key techniques for choosing a label mapping. Based on this discovery, a novel mapping design criteflon is proposed and two label mappings are searched according to it. Simulation results show that the performance of BICM-ID using the novel mappings is better than the former ones. The extrinsic information transfer （EXIT） chart is introduced and it is used to evaluate the proposed mapping design criteria.

Enhanced quadrature signaling-based cooperative transmission with full rate and full diversity

Quadrature signaling-based cooperative transmission is an efficient and simple scheme to obtain spatial diversity.However,this scheme causes date rate loss compared with direct transmission.In this work,our focus is on recovering from the data rate loss while simultaneously achieving spatial diversity.Particularly,an enhanced quadrature signaling-based cooperative scheme was designed,which can realize full-rate transmission by using the signal space diversity(SSD)technique.Then,accurate bit error rate(BER)expression for the full-rate scheme was derived over independent and non-identically distributed(INID)Rayleigh fading channels.Specifically,a closed-form BER expression is obtained,which is quite tight over the whole SNR range,and thus allows for rapid and efficient evaluation of system performance under various channel conditions.Moreover,an asymptotic approximation of the BER was derived to show that the full-rate scheme can achieve full diversity.Simulation results verify the tightness of the analysis and show that the full-rate scheme significantly outperforms the traditional quadrature signaling-based scheme by about 2 dB with the same complexity order.

Turbo-Coded Modulation of EVRC Speech Encoder with Unequal Error Protection for Fading Channels

The Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC) is a standard for the Speech Service Option 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital System, which has been employed in both IS-95 cellular systems and ANSI J-STC-008 PCS (Personal Communications Systems). This paper investigated the combination of turbo codes with Unequal Error Protection (UEP) and 16-QAM modulation for EVRC codec of Rate 1 to get power and bandwidth efficient coding scheme. The results show that the UEP system outperforms the Equal Error Protection (EEP) one by 1.45 dB at BER of 10 -5.

基于JDA-BP网络的MQAM信号调制识别

针对小样本条件下由信号调制识别准确率低和信道环境变化导致调制识别网络性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于联合分布适配-反向传播神经网络(JDA-BP)调制识别方法。通过改变信道环境生成概率分布不同的多进制正交振幅调制(MQAM)信号,提取MQAM信号的瞬时统计特征和高阶累积量组成样本,构建3个概率分布不同的数据集,使用联合分布适配(JDA)算法缩小数据集间的特征差异,并将适配后的数据集送入BP神经网络进行训练和测试。对比实验表明,在目标域为小样本的条件下,该文方法针对源域和目标域概率分布不同的情况,能有效地减小概率分布距离,信号调制识别平均准确率可达73.25%;相比于比未使用JDA-BP方法,调制识别准确率平均提高了6.80%。

基于单PD直接检测Twin-SSB-QPSK信号的光纤通信系统

针对孪生单边带正交相移键控(Twin-SSB-QPSK)信号在光传输过程中的高成本问题,提出了一种在接收端采用单光电探测器(PD)直接检测Twin-SSB-QPSK信号的光纤通信系统。在接收端不需要采用光带通滤波器(OBPF)对Twin-SSB-QPSK信号的两路光单边带信号进行分离,而是利用直接检测的拍频效应,通过单PD直接检测孪生的两路光单边带QPSK信号产生相干叠加的单路16阶正交幅度调制(16QAM)信号。仿真演示了两路56 Gbit/s的QPSK信号叠加为一路112 Gbit/s的16QAM信号,并与传统的单路16QAM信号传输方案进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,该方案在降低系统器件要求和部署成本的同时并没有带来额外的功率代价。

基于锁模光学频率梳的高速数据传输

大数据时代网络数据流量的爆炸式增长给通信系统的容量和数据传输速率带来极大的挑战.本文基于锁模光学频率梳的宽光谱范围和高相位相干性提出了一种高频正交幅度调制信号生成方法,通过电光调制器对光学频率梳进行幅度相位整形并下变频至射频域,生成携带编码信息的高速、高阶、低相位噪声的调制信号,再结合锁模光学频率梳窄线宽、多波长的特性,仅使用单个激光器即可实现基于波分复用技术的大规模并行高速通信.仿真验证了该方案的可行性,随后在100 m的自由空间光链路中使用光子微波信号进行16元正交幅度调制通信实验,实现了误码率低于10^(–6)的14 Gbit/s数据传输.

基于轻量化RF算法的高阶QAM信号OSNR估计方法

针对光信噪比(OSNR)估计复杂度高、计算量大的问题,提出了一种基于轻量化随机森林(RF)算法的高阶正交幅度调制(QAM)信号OSNR估计方法。该方法通过将不同OSNR的高阶QAM信号映射为不同的星座图数据集,并利用这些数据集来训练RF模型,从而实现OSNR的快速估计。仿真结果表明:采用基于轻量化RF算法估计64QAM和128QAM信号的OSNR,在系统OSNR真实值为5~30 d B时,2种调制格式的OSNR估计准确率均接近100%;64QAM信号OSNR估计值的平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.08 d B,128QAM的MAE为0.12 d B,比基于长短期记忆(LSTM)算法的信号OSNR估计结果更准确。

Neural network equalization based on delta-sigma modulation

We propose a neural network equalization delta-sigma modulation(DSM)technique.After performing DSM on the multiorder quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)signal at the transmitting end,neural network equalizer technology is used in the digital signal processing at receiving end.Applying this technology to a 4.6 km W-band millimeter wave system,it is possible to achieve a 1 Gbaud 8192-QAM OFDM signal transmission.The data rate reached 23.4 Gbit/s with the bit error rate at 3.8×10^(-2),lower than soft-decision forward-error correction threshold(4×10^(-2)).

BPSK-QPSK和QPSK-16QAM的光调制格式转换

信号在调制方式不同的系统之间传输时,需要对信号调制格式进行转换,而调制格式转换通常在电信号上进行,要将光信号恢复成电信号。在电信号上进行调制格式转换后,再经电光调制器变换成光信号发射。频繁的光电或电光转换通常会增加系统成本,针对该问题,提出了利用相干叠加在光域上实现二进制相移键控(BPSK)到正交相移键控(QPSK)以及QPSK到正交幅度调制(16QAM)的调制格式转换的方法。实验通过Optisystem软件对转换模型进行仿真,采用10 Gpbs伪随机信号作为测试信源,通过星座图观测出信号成功转换为QPSK和16QAM;并在不同光信噪比、光源线宽和信号功率下对转换模型与直接QPSK、16QAM传输模型进行误码分析对比,在相同条件下转换模型和直接传输的误码率高度保持一致,表明这种调制格式转换方法具有较高的稳定性和准确性,能够适用于不同系统间的信号传输。

基于自适应联合调制的massive MIMO-OFDM相位噪声消除方案

极化状态是信号的固有属性,具有对相位噪声不敏感的特性,利用极化状态承载信息的极化调制能消除相位噪声。但极化调制需要2根天线发送和接收,在相位噪声功率较小或无相位噪声时,遍历容量性能较差。为解决此问题,提出一种自适应联合调制方案。该方案结合了正交振幅调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,QAM)和极化调制,并通过自适应调整QAM调制和极化调制阶数的方法,提升不同相位噪声功率时的遍历容量。仿真结果表明,该方案的遍历容量性能优于极化调制和QAM调制方案。

一种5G FBMC-16QAM抗干扰系统仿真研究

为了解决5G通信系统中存在的干扰问题,提出一种将多载波技术(FBMC)与正交幅度调制(QAM)技术相结合的方法,可以更好地解决相邻子载波干扰问题,并提高功率效率、降低带外衰减。进而设计一种基于5G FBMC系统的16QAM调制解调器,并通过星座图和FBMC-16QAM调制解调数据的误码率仿真曲线进行分析与比较,结果表明:随着信噪比的增加,误码率逐渐降低。此外,在信噪比相同的情况下,随着进制数的增加,误码率也逐渐增加。

基于FPGA的改进QAM载波同步算法的研究与实现

对常用的载波同步算法进行分析比较,从频偏捕获能力和相位稳定两方面考虑,提出一种运用正交振幅调制(QAM)系统的联合载波同步算法。运用硬件描述语言Verilog HDL和调用IP核实现各功能模块,采用自顶向下的系统设计思想,在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)平台上实现了极性判决算法、面向判决算法和优化算法的功能,利用MATLAB对解调恢复的基带信号形成星座图,验证了该优化算法能够较大程度地提升QAM系统的解调性能。

FBMC/OQAM系统中改进的峰均比抑制方法

针对偏移正交幅度调制的滤波器组多载波(FBMC-OQAM)系统中峰值平均功率比(PAPR)过高会引起失真且对信道估计性能造成影响的缺点,提出了一种基于相位旋转的干扰消除法(ICM-P)。该方法产生不同的相位序列,与传输数据相乘得到多组数据序列,分别计算其PAPR,并选择PAPR最低的一组进行传输。仿真验证与分析表明:所提方法能有效降低系统过高的峰值平均功率比,误码率不高,且信道估计性能较原ICM方法没有明显下降。