On Translation of Classical Chinese Literary Texts

Chinese classical literature is precious treasure of the world literature. In order to transmit and carry forward it, translation is an effective and necessary way, especially as the development ofglobalization and China＇s economy. This paper mainly discusses the history, difficulties, ways and skills on translation of classical Chinese literary texts in this paper.

Poetry Translation as Rewriting:A Case Study of Zhang Zhizhong’s Reading English Literature to Translate Classical Chinese Poems

In the summer of 2023,Zhang Zhizhong’s Reading English Literature to Translate Classical Chinese Poems got published as one of the“Comparative Literature and World Literature Research Series”edited by Cao Shunqing.It presents Zhang’s latest theory and praxis of translating classical Chinese poems.As a kind of rewriting,Zhang’s translations are similar to modern English poems—with creative expressions in contemporary English,the enjambments from free verses,the form of concrete poetry,and the artistic conceptions of classical Chinese poetry,but without the rhymes in original works.How this poetry translation as rewriting generates in the constraints of ideology,poetics,and patronage is to be analyzed in the light of AndréLefevere’s rewriting theory.By examining the non-textual factors related to Zhang’s rewriting,it aims to reveal how this rewriting,as an experimental approach to poetry translation,can shed light on the global circulation of Chinese poetry.

The New Result of Studies in the History of Medieval Calligraphy:A Review of The Manual of Calligraphy by Sun Guoting of the Tang:A Comprehensive Study on the Manuscript and Its Author

The Manual of Calligraphy by Sun Guoting of the Tang:A Comprehensive Study on the Manuscript and Its Author is one of the representative monographs by the Italian sinologist Pietro De Laurentis,which includes the textual and historical research of Sun Guoting(a famous calligrapher and calligraphic theorist in the Tang Dynasty)and his calligraphy.The integrity and circulation of Shu pu(one of Sun Guoting’s most famous calligraphic works,which is an important work of traditional Chinese calligraphic theory)and its textual content and visual form,featuring meticulous historical analysis and unique insights,have created a dialogue with the existing studies of Shu pu in China.The English translation of Shu pu and historical records regarding Sun Guoting are presented in this monograph,with informative notes in the translation that convey Sun Guoting’s aesthetic ideas and experiences while learning calligraphy.This book enriches the studies of calligraphy history in China by presenting a new perspective and approach,and the research-based translations provide inspiration and reference for the transmission of Chinese calligraphy in the West.

On the Translation of Iconography of the Decorated Writing-Paper of the Ten Bamboo Studio Based on the Theory of Translational Action

Based on the theory of translational action of the functionalism,this paper selects three aspects,translation as an inter-cultural and communicative action,a purposeful text-processing action and an inter-personal action,to analyze the important issues as well as the translation strategies,methods and techniques adopted in the translation of Chinese allusions.The study shows that the theory of translational action is important for the translation of allusions and that it helps to modify the target text.The translator,also the author of this paper,hopes that this study will be useful for the translation of allusions and the publicity of traditional Chinese culture across the world.

A history of standardization in the English translation of traditional Chinese medicine terminology

In order to facilitate and propose further international standardization of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） terminology, this article applies methods of historiography, philology and descriptive study to divide the history of TCM into three phases, based on representative experts and social events; to illustrate different aspects of these experts and their translation principles and standards and to discuss associated factors and inherent problems. The authors find that the development of a terminology standard for TCM has generally progressed from early approaches that were ill-suited to the contemporary needs to culturally and professionally referenced approaches, from uncoordinated research to systematic studies, and from individual works to collaborative endeavors. The present international standards of TCM terminology have been attained through the work of numerous scholars and experts in the history of the field. The authors are optimistic that a more comprehensive and recognized standard will come out soon.

典籍议论文以语篇为翻译单位的可行性——以《劝学》与Of Studies为例

在图尔敏论证模式下,汉语典籍议论文《劝学》论证发散、杂乱,与英语世界脍炙人口的议论文Of Studies论证模式迥异。议论文翻译可采用语篇作为翻译单位,并将其细分为翻译的转换单位和翻译的分析单位。议论文中语篇的本质是论点,转换单位和分析单位可以分别由分论点和中心论点担任。

A Statistical Approach to Annotation in the English Translation of Chinese Classics:A Case Study of the Four English Versions of Fushengliuji

Annotation in translation is of great value in communicating"the local"to the global readership.Based on our content and function-centered statistics on the 483 notes of the four English versions of Shen Fu’s autobiographical work Fushengliuji,we find that 1)in terms of content,cultural,geographic,historical,and literary references are the most important categories of annotation in the English translation of this work;annotations in the four versions are employed to serve 6 major functions/purposes:to further inform,to facilitate understanding,to avoid misunderstanding,to interpret personally,to cite or allude,and to correct mistakes;2)no correlation can be established between the use of annotation and the reception of the work per se,but it can reflect the translator’s poise and strategy which ultimately affect the reception of the work;and 3)Lin’s version used relatively few notes and relied heavily on paraphrasing,a practice which leads to better accessibility of his translation and at the same time to the possible sacrifice of some culturally and socially significant elements of the original.Black’s translation used notes sparingly,and she was so creative as to rearrange and edit the original text,revealing her approach of radical"reader-centeredness".Pratt and Chiang’s version and Sanders’version used a large number of notes carrying a sinological mission,revealing their respect for the original and their decision to inform and inspire their readers.We argue that cultural translation,whether aided by annotation or not,is predominantly an art about"glocalism"and that both author-centeredness and reader-centeredness can be reconciled,since ultimately they serve the same"communicative"purpose.

On the Imperfection and Improvement of the Chinese-English Dictionary as an Important Aid in the Translation of Chinese Classics into English： A Case Study of Buddhism-Related Entries

Theoretically, the Chinese-English dictionary （CED） is vitally important to the translation of Chinese classics into English（TOCCIE）. In reality, however, many CEDs in general use fail more or less to function as an indispensable aid in TOCCIE actions by offering either inadequate information or, more alarmingly, partial or even total misinformation in Chinese-civilization-specific entries that defy easy rendering. This paper attempts to illustrate this deplorable fact with a case study of the Buddhism-related entries （BILE） in three CEDs representative of state-of-the-art Chinese bilingual lexicography. The conclusion is that it is high time to substantially improve the CED as an important TOCCIE aid, so that a large-scale, systematic execution of TOCCIE, which seems befitting the global image of present-day China as a rising power not only politico-economically but also culturally, will be performed with greater facility.

Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven is the place where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties （1368-1911） worshipped heaven and prayed for good harvests. It is an axial arrangement of the Circular Mound Altar to the south with the conic.ally roofed Imperial Vault of Heaven immediately to its north. This is linked by a raised sacred way to the circular, three tiered, conically roofed Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests further to the north.

中国农学典籍英译研究:回顾与展望

作为世界农业发源地之一,中国的农耕文明在历史上长期居于世界先进水平。农业生产实践上的优势催生了大批宝贵的、种类繁多的农学文化古籍,对世界农作物种植、生产工具和技术的开发影响深远,是现今中国“文化外译”战略的重要组成部分。基于这一事实,本文将回顾我国农学典籍英译的发展历程,统计国内与农学典籍英译相关的研究论文,从发文概况、文本考察、研究主题、理论视角、期刊来源分布等方面梳理农学典籍英译的研究现状。分析发现,当前研究存在诸如译本数量少、文本考察单一、宏观研究欠缺、研究方法传统等问题。据此,本文最后对我国农学典籍的译介提出了展望与建议。

中华典籍外译的易读性与可读性研究——以《西游记》韦利译本和蓝诗玲译本为例

本文以《西游记》韦利译本和蓝诗玲译本为例,通过软件量化分析和文本细读研究,比较了两节译本的易读性和可读性。结果发现,两节译本均遵循“一致性”原则和“缩短距离”原则以提高译本易读性,同时利用副文本构建叙事语境,采用编译结合或译创结合策略以增强文本故事性和时代性,从而提高译本可读性。两节译本的成功经验或可为今后中华典籍外译提供一些新的启示。

汪榕培典籍英译“三化”研究

中国典籍英译专家汪榕培从文学角度英译《老子》和《庄子》,使道家典籍文学化,接受效果良好。他将中国传统文学作品译为当代英语,使中国文学当代化,展现中国文学魅力。他借用中国传统哲学理论和绘画理论提出“译可译,非常译”复译观和“传神达意”翻译标准,使典籍翻译理论古典化,丰富了中国传统译论研究。汪榕培典籍英译的“三化”实践有助于中国典籍英译水平的提高及翻译理论研究的深化,也有助于中国传统文化走出去。

《离骚》英译的符号美学分析

诗歌是具备美学功能的符号艺术形式。以霍克思英译《离骚》为例,从符号美学视角分析了译诗对原诗美学特征的传达策略和翻译效果。《离骚》原诗语言具有能指感性美、所指含蓄美和叙述新奇美,而霍克思的译诗对原诗美学特征既有呼应也有改换,在音韵美感、多义语符、象喻修辞和叙述方式层面均衡考量翻译的充分性和可接受性,体现了中西诗学审美的和谐碰撞。

重新发现意大利汉学家儒拉

本文基于新近在儒拉故居发现并整理出的一手资料,以及中意两国官方档案馆藏历史文献,重新叙述意大利汉学家儒拉的在华经历及交游情况,诠释其作品内容,还原其创作过程,剖析内蕴思想,从而对儒拉的历史形象及其汉学贡献进行重新评价。在华期间,儒拉凭借医术和对中国文化的热爱,不仅成功地融入中国社会生活,还获得了广泛认可,甚至成为清末民初最接近中国权力和文化中心的欧洲人之一,与晚清皇室、民国政要、文化精英等交往密切。儒拉的多重身份和丰富经历可为近代中意文化交流史、中国文学域外传播史、西医在华传播史等领域研究提供翔实资料和新鲜思路。

接受美学视域下的中国古典散文英译分析——以《项脊轩志》的两个译本为例

接受美学理论是以审美主体欣赏、接受审美客体的具体过程为研究中心的美学流派,该理论以读者为中心,强调读者阅读过程中对文本空白和不确定性填补的重要性,对文学创作和文学研究都有重要影响。而在翻译实践中,接受美学理论同样有启示作用,其重要概念引起译者对读者的关注,进而影响译者翻译过程中对文本的解读和翻译策略的选择。该文基于接受美学理论,选取中国古典散文《项脊轩志》的两个英译本为对比研究材料,分析译者对期待视野或召唤结构的关注度,以及接受美学的重要概念在译本中的具体体现和相应影响,旨在探究接受美学理论之于散文英译的指导意义,为中国文学“走出去”提供一定的借鉴。

古诗英译中的叙事化转向寻析

古诗的译介总是无法避却诗歌精神的佚失现象。这种现象集中表现为诗歌经语际转换后于译文中呈现出一种叙事化转向。所谓叙事化转向,并非意指译文中的抒情因素为叙事因素所替代进而渐趋消弭,而是体现为其叙事性的增强与呈现。这种叙事性的增强归根结底产生于主体对情节机制的识别以及抒情性、叙事性与诗性三者的相互关系。

“第三极文化”与安乐哲的中国哲学典籍译介和传播

“第三极文化”是北京师范大学黄会林教授与绍武先生提出的中国文化发展理念,在学界引起很大反响,并得到国外学者的关注。美国比较哲学家与汉学家安乐哲是“第三极文化”理念的响应者、倡导者与践行者,他通过思想阐释、典籍英译、文化传播等途径为“第三极哲学文化”的重新确立作出了重要贡献。他指出,优化共生体系的“和”概念是“第三极文化”的发展趋势,中国文化的最大贡献是关系构成的人的理念。安乐哲英译中国典籍是为了让原汁原味的中国哲学走向世界,使用阐释域境、术语表、中国学者注解、中西译者合译等方式努力纠正西方读者的误读。此外,他还出版中国哲学阐释著作、类比西方哲学概念、积极开展课堂教学,并指出中国文化对外传播不能急功近利,应形成全方位多渠道立体化的传播格局。

跨文化视域下少儿国学经典英译:从文化传递到价值认同——以《三字经》《孺子歌图》英译本为例

该研究采用文献研究法、案例分析法和跨文化交际理论相结合的方法,对《三字经》和《孺子歌图》的英译过程进行了深入研究。首先,通过文献研究法梳理了国内外少儿国学经典英译的已有研究成果,明确研究问题和方法。其次,采用案例分析法对《三字经》和《孺子歌图》的英译本进行深入剖析,探究其文化传递和价值认同的实现方式。最后,运用跨文化交际理论作为指导,分析译本在中西文化交流中的影响和价值。该研究不仅有助于更好地理解文化传递和价值认同的实现方式,还为中西文化交流提供新的思路和方法。

译者主体性视角下《逍遥游》三个英译本对比分析研究

在当今中国文化“走出去”的时代背景之下,从译者主体性角度研究译者对翻译活动的影响,对于译者发挥主观能动性,译介中国文化传统典籍具有重要意义。该文从译者主体性角度出发,探究译者对于原文本的选择、理解和表达的重要作用;对比分析任博克(Brook Zipron)、林语堂和汪榕培三位译者的《逍遥游》英译本,发现不同译者因其文化教育背景和语言表达习惯不同,在词汇选择、句子理解、篇章衔接这三方面存在较大差异,希望通过探究不同译者在翻译中发挥的译者主体作用为中国传统典籍英译的译者研究提供新思路。

亚瑟·韦利《论语》翻译的跨文化互释

海外典籍译者是中外文化交流的重要力量,他们凭借对中国文化的热爱和严谨的学术精神,为中国传统文化的海外传播做出了重要贡献。英国20世纪著名的汉学家、翻译家亚瑟·韦利是20世纪上半期蜚声世界汉学界的中国典籍译者,一生致力于中国文化的传播和介绍,1938年出版的《论语》译本是其中国哲学典籍翻译的代表译作。该译本注重历史文化背景考证、呈现历史上真实的孔子形象、挖掘儒学核心术语意义,译本出版后深受西方读者欢迎,对于中国文化的传播具有重要的借鉴意义。该研究聚焦于韦利《论语》英译本的深入剖析,旨在通过对其翻译策略与阐释精神的系统分析,为中西文明交流互鉴有所助益。