Cenozoic Denudation and Vertical Faulting History of the Central Segment of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt

Objective The uplift process and uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau has been a research focus among geologists in recent years. This work put emphasis on the Cenozoic exhumation histories of the blocks bounded by the major faults at the central segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, and the vertical faulting history, including the starting time and the total vertical displacement, of the major faults. Then we quantitatively established a complete active process for the central segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, combining with the previous geophysical data in the deep and geologcial data. This study is critical for deeply and completely understanding the Cenozoic uplift history of the Longmenshan, and also provides thermochronology constraints to the different models for the uplift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.

The Drifting History of the China Main Blocks during Specific Periods and their Tectonic Constraints on Marine Potash Formation

1 Introduction Most of the world well know potash mines are deposited in marine environment.Regarding the serious potash shortage,no significant progress has been made in marine potash in China,while the terrestrial potash

RECONSTRUCTING THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE UR Ⅲ STATE:SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE USE OF YEAR FORMULAE

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDIn the introduction of her recent book on Ur-Namma in the Sumerian literarytradition,E. Flckiger-Hawker offers a comprehensive account and summary ofthe previous scholarship of the complicated political history between the fall ofthe Akkadian empire and the beginning of the Ur Ⅲ period.From this account,itbecomes clear that this scholarship primarily relies on various interpretations

A Brief Introduction of the History of the English Language

English is spoken throughout the continent of North America,in the British Isles, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, and is also the most important of the languages of colonization in Asia,Africa and Oceania. In addition it is the language of commerce,and the second language of many countries which formerly had French or German in that position.

Hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene reservoir in the northern Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene in the northern Dongpu Depression was analyzed in detail based on a comprehensive analysis of the generation and expulsion history of the major hydrocarbon source rocks, fluorescence microscopic features and fluid inclusion petrography. There were two main stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of oil from the major hydrocarbon source rocks. The first stage was the main hydrocarbon expulsion stage. The fluorescence microscopic features also indicated two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation. Carbonaceous bitumen, asphaltene bitumen and colloidal bitumen reflected an early hydrocarbon charge, whereas the oil bitumen reflected a second hydrocarbon charge. Hydrocarbon inclusions also indicate two distinct charges according to the diagenetic evolution sequence, inclusion petrography features combined with the homogenization temperature and reservoir burial history analysis. According to these comprehensive analysis results, the hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene reservoir in the northern Dongpu Depression was divided into two phases. The first phase was from the late Dongying depositional period of the Oligocene to the early uplift stages of the late Paleogene. The second phase was from the late Minghuazhen period of the Pliocene to the Quaternary. Reservoirs formed during the first period were widely distributed covering the entire area. In contrast,reservoirs formed during the second period were mainly distributed near the hydrocarbon generation sags. Vertically, it was characterized by a single phase in the upper layers and two phases in the lower layers of the Paleogene.

The Thermal History of the Huangmeijian Granite Intrusion in Anhui and Its Relation to Mineralization: Isotopic Evidence

Whole-rock Rb-Sr, zircon U-Pb and hornblende, biotite and K-feldspar K-Ar ages areused to reconstruct the cooling history of the Huangmeijian intrusion in the Anqing-Lujiangquartz-syenite belt in Anhui. Oxygen isotope geothermometry of mineral pairs demonstrates thatdiffusion is a dominant factor controlling the closure of isotopic systems. Assuming the coolingof the intrusion is synchronous with a dicrease in local geothermal gradients, an emplacementdepth of about 8 km and the magma crystallization temperature of 800±50℃ are estimated. TheHuangmeijian intrusion experienced a rapid cooling process and uplifted after its emplacementand crystallization at 133 Ma B.P. with a cooling rate of 34.5℃/Ma and an uplifting rate of 0.35mm/a. The intrusion was rising until it rested at a depth of 3km at a temperature of 300±50℃about 14 Ma later. Then the intrusion was in slow cooling and uplifting with a cooling rate of4.4℃/Ma and an uplifting rate of 0.04 mm/a. U-Pb dating of pitchblende is done for the hydrothermal uranium deposit formed in thecontact zone of the Huangmeijian intrusion. The result shows that the mineralization age is closeto the closing time of the K-Ar system in biotite. The fluid inclusion thermometry indicates thatthe mineralization temperature is in agreement with the closure temperature of the biotite K-Arsystem. This suggests a close relationship between the slow cooling of the intrusion and thehydrothermal uranium mineralization process.

Accumulation Mechanisms and Evolution History of the Giant Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,China

Solid bitumens were found throughout the carbonate reservoirs in the Puguang gas field, the largest gas field so far found in marine carbonates in China, confirming that the Puguang gas field evolved from a paleo-oil reservoir. The fluid conduit system at the time of intensive oil accumulation in the field was reconstructed, and petroleum migration pathways were modeled using a 3-D model and traced by geochemical parameters. The forward modeling and inversion tracing coincided with each other and both indicated that oils accumulated in the Puguang-Dongyuezhai structure originated from a generative kitchen to the northwest of the Puguang gas field. The deposition of organic-rich Upper Permian source rocks dominated by sapropelic organic matter in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, the development of fluid conduit system that was vertically near-source rock and laterally near-generative kitchen, and the focusing of oils originated from a large area of the generative kitchen, were the three requirements for the formation of the giant paleo-oil reservoir from which the giant Puguang gas field evolved. The Puguang gas field had experienced a three-stage evolution. The post-accumulation processes, especially the organic-inorganic interaction in the hydrocarbon-water-rock system, had not only profoundly altered the composition and characteristics of the petroleum fluids, but also obviously changed the physicochemical conditions in the reservoir and resulted in complicated precipitation and solution of carbonate minerals.

Thermal History of the Naruo Porphyry Deposit in the Duolong Ore District,Western Tibet:Evidence from U-Pb,^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar and(U-Th)/He Thermochronology

The Naruo porphyry copper deposit containing more than 2 Mt of copper is located in the Duolong ore district in the west of the Bangongco–Nujiang belt in central Tibet.New zircon U-Pb,biotite^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar,zircon(U-Th)/He ages,published age data together with thermal modeling were presented in this paper to investigate the thermal history of Naruo deposit.Thermal modeling reveals a prolonged magmatic-hydrothermal evolution firstly cooling from~700℃to~350℃at 120 Ma,then cooling to 230℃at 106 Ma and maintaining at 200℃from 106 to 90 Ma which is attributed to multiple magmatic events and thermal effect of strike-slip fault.Affected by thrust nappe structure,the sample was consistent with 120℃from 70 to 63 Ma.The Naruo deposit started to experience exhumation at a rate of~0.07 km/Myr since 60 Ma which is related to India-Asia collision.The prolonged magmatic-hydrothermal evolution process might have important influence on the Naruo deposit.The ore-related intrusions preserved in the foot walls of strike-slip fault and thrust nappe structure are the objects of future exploration in the Duolong ore district.

History of the discovery and clinical translation of prostate-specific antigen

1.Introduction In recent years,there has been considerable controversy concerning the discovery and translation into clinical practice of the prostate-specific antigen(PSA)[1e4].In this brief review,I offer the relevant historical facts as I believe them to be true.

The Particularity of the Development of Labor Relationship in the 70-Year History of the People’s Republic of China

The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsification"in forthcoming days.A major cause is rooted in that labor relationship is the output of economic development that would request that labor relationship chime with it.The development course of labor relationship since the founding of PRC explicitly evinces that"flexibility"might be incurred in case labor relationship fails to align with economic development and with demands of marketing competitiveness.It might even propel main bodies of labor relationship to circumvent labor laws,as is verified by prevalence of large-scaled labor dispatching,and of"labor dispatching under the disguise of outsourcing".Lawmakers thus need to further ruminate over degree of tolerance on labor legislation.

Cenozoic Exhumation History of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt Constrained by Apatite Fission-Track Thermochronology

Objective The East Kunlun Orogenic belt constitutes the first marked change in the topographic reliefs north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of this orogenic belt is crucial for understanding the remote deformational effects of the Eurasian plate collision and the migration track at the northern margin of the plateau.However,when and how the uplift occurred remains

History of the Chinese Medicinal Gelatin

This article discusses the history of animal glue(gelatin)used in medical practice in China.In ancient times,gelatin was widely made from cowhide and has been found in excavations and wall paintings older than 2000 years in Egypt,Greece,and China.However,it has been used medicinally almost exclusively in China and other East Asian countries influenced by Chinese medicine.Since 11th century,donkey-hide has gradually been replaced with cowhide in medicinal gelatin.Currently,donkey-hide gelatin is widely used medicinally in China.During the Edo period,medicinal gelatin was imported to Japan from China.Owing to the distaste for eating animal flesh in traditional Japanese culture,the production of gelatin and its medicinal use is not widespread in Japan.

The History of the Former Han Dynasty:A Critical Translation with Annotations Translated by Homer Hasenpflug Dubs

Translation is an important medium of cultural communication.It is not a mere transfer of two languages,but the interaction of two cultures.Cultural misreading,which results from cultural discrepancy and translator’s subjectivity,truly reflects where the blockade and conflict in the cultural communication is.Cultural misreading is an objective phenomenon that exists in the entire process of translation.This paper intends to make a comprehensive analysis and discussion on The History of the Former Han Dynasty:a Critical Translation with Annotations translated by Homer Hasenpflug Dubs.As for the reasons of cultural misreading,this paper divides them into three types—language,thinking habit,traditional culture.It is to be hoped that this paper will draw more attention from the translation circle to the phenomena,and make contribution to the development of literary translation.

The History of the Basal Ganglia: The Contribution of Karl Friedrich Burdach

It took many centuries for the basal ganglia (BG) to be recognized as specific brain entities involved in the control of psychomotor behavior. Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) was the first to delineate this set of structures, but he did not name them nor payany attention to their functional significance. This was left to the English physician Thomas Willis (1621-1675), who used the term corpus striatum (striated or chamfered body) to designate the largest BG constituent, which he considered a major sensorimotor integration center. Willis’s pioneering description influenced markedly some 18th and 19th centuries scholars, particularly the German physician and anatomist Karl Friedrich Burdach (1776-1847). Burdach’s insightful studies of the human brain are summarized in a three-volume treatise entitled Vom Baue und Leben des Gehirns (1819-1826). This landmark opus provides a description of the BGwhose originality has largely been overlooked. Burdach’s careful investigation allowed him to differentiate the caudate nucleus from the putamen, which he respectively termed Streifenhügel (elongated hillock) and Schale (shell). He also called the putamen Linsenkern (lens-shaped nucleus), a term that he admittedly borrowed from his compatriot Johann Christian Reil (1759-1813). He further identified a paler structure (blasser Klumpen) within the inner portion of the lentiform nucleus that he called globus pallidus, and correctly identified its inner and outer segments (innern und ?ussern Theil). He aptly pointed out that the major BG nuclei are separated from one another by fibers fascicles that he termed inner and ?ussre Capsel (internal and external capsules). Burdach also referred to the substantia nigra (schwarzgraue Schicht or stratum nigrum) and claustrum (Vormauer), but gave full credit to the French anatomist Félix Vicq-d’Azyr (1748-1794) for their discovery. Although Burdach did not comment much on BG function, his anatomical description was sufficiently cogent to be still in use two centuries after its inception.

The Uranium Exploration History of the Central African Republic

The Uranium exploration history of the Central African Republic(CAR)extends on two periods separated by the independence in 1960,of the ex-Ubangi-Chari,a colony of French Equatorial Africa.The uranium research is contemporary of the French Atomic Energy Commission(CEA)implementation in this country in 1947 and done by the CEA.There began the first period.The second period started after the 1960 year.Before the independence,the exploration works were realized in two stages from 1947 to 1957 and from 1958 to 1961.The first stage regarded the recognizing of uranium occurrences in the magmatic and pegmatitic formations.For this,three missions were organized in the east of the CAR.The first mission took place from March to July 1947.The second mission was realized from April to June 1949,and the third mission from November to April 1956.The second stage had concerned the uranium research in sedimentary basins by the prospecting Mba?ki Series(January 1958-January 1960)and Fouroumbala Series(August 1959-June 1961).These series offered the chance to CEA to discover the Bakouma uranium deposits.After this discovery in 1965,the falls of prices of the uranium provoked altered stoppings and resumptions of works with the following societies:the Company of uranium ores of Bakouma(URBA)1969;Centralafrican uranium(URCA)in 1975 but dissolved in 1981;in 1989-1991,the Japanese Nuclear Power Corporation(PNC)for a deposit re-examination;URAMIN Centrafrique in 2004-2005 and AREVA Resources Centrafrique in 2007.The last-mentioned had stopped works since 2012.

Exhibition at National Museum of China Highlight the Cultivation History of the Rice

Beginning in November 2000,archaeologists excavated the world’s earliest known remains related to rice cultivation,settlements and a large number of painted pottery remains in Pujiang County,Zhejiang Province.The remarkable archaeological discoveries at the Shangshan Site provide exceptional proof that the site was the birthplace of global rice farming,as well as an important starting point in the formation of Chinese civilization,one based on rice farming in the south and millet farming in the north.

The History of the Derivation of Euler’s Number

This paper summarizes the works of numerous inspiring hard-working mathematicians in chronological order who have toiled the fields of mathematics to bring forward the harvest of Eulers number, also known as Napiers number or more infamously, e.

A Brief History of the Mobile Phone

When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication. For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as cdearly as if they were in the same room. Nowadays,though, we mainly use Bell’s invention for taking photographs, accessing the Internet, or watching video clips, rather than talking.

A Brief History of the Development of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.

Across two phylogeographic breaks: Quaternary evolutionary history of a mountain aspen (Populus rotundifolia) in the Hengduan Mountains

Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both.Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia,a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China.Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches.Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia,but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group.Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P.rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring.We also found that the Hengduan Mountains,where multiple genetic barriers were detected,acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia.Ecological niche modeling suggested that P.rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum,and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka.The phylogeographic pattern of P.rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits,wind patterns,barriers,niche differentiation,and Quaternary climate history.This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.