A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

Analyzing the Influences on Women’s Upbringing and Their Educational Significance Using the Case of Estella,the Heroine of Great Expectations

This paper explores the influences on women’s upbringing and their educational significance by using the character Estella from Great Expectations as a case study.Through analyzing the impact of social environment,family education,and self-awakening,this article aims to promote gender equality and the construction of a feminist cognitive community.It delves into the class divisions of 19th-century England,the manipulative family education imposed on Estella by Miss Havisham,and Estella’s journey towards self-consciousness after her foster mother’s death.The study highlights the challenges faced by women in societal constraints,family expectations,and the importance of self-discovery in overcoming these limitations.

Report on the Educational Process for the Promotion of Health of Women Attended in a Reference Center of Social Assistance

This article discusses one experienced by students and preceptors of Programs Pro-Pet-Health and Health of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí in the Reference Center for Social Assistance (CRAS) in the municipality of experience Santa Cruz/RN, with a view to the relationship between preventive health activities and social assistance. The proposed work of Pro-Pet in the assistance unit sought to unravel the lifestyle of the target audience in order to know the risk factors and suggest the adoption of health measures for disease prevention. Work to guide the educational process for health promotion with socioeconomic and cultural contextualization built on scientific papers surveyed in Lilacs and Scielo data was used. On average, 12 women aged between 35 and 60 years participated in the group. Eight group sessions occurred in the period from March to May 2014. Regarding work methodologies, we used dynamic integration and self-knowledge;dialogued lectures;lectures;reports of experiences;thematic workshops;educational videos;wheels conversation complemented by the use of texts and poems;as well as application of the checklist in conducting health and anthropometry. The experience helped identify the characteristics of the group and plan understandable and meaningful guidance for women, facilitating the understanding of the importance of self-care in preventing disease.

Women and the Transnational Dynamics of Science Education in Early Twentieth Century China:A Quiet Revolution

This article explores both the personal and transnational dimensions of domestic science education and study abroad for the pioneering generation of Chinese women in science.By focusing on women’s unique calculus of risk and reward,the article not only distinguishes Chinese women’s experiences from those of their male counterparts but also delineates the special contours of the Chinese case within the global advancement of women in science.The article begins by outlining some of the features and dynamics of early Chinese girls’schools that affected students’interest in and preparation for further scientific study.Then it traces the emerging college-level opportunities that made it possible for women who were studying science in China to contemplate advanced work overseas.Turning to study abroad,the article highlights the radicalness of the decision to study abroad by examining the impact of both family background and national circumstances on Chinese women’s strategies of mobility.The article argues that if we are to take women’s experiences seriously,we cannot just look at scientific pursuits in terms of achievements in the development of Chinese science,we also need to consider the ways that·scientific ambitions forced individuals—both male and female—to navigate and reimagine multiple social norms and expectations.

The Rise of Women’s Education and the Modernity of East Asia:Focusing on the Education of“Virtuous Wives and Worthy Mothers”in China and Japan

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan.Looking back on the past and forward to the future,we realize modernity has become a critical issue that not only China and Japan,but the whole East Asian region should pay attention to.China and Japan are both within the“Circle of Confucius Culture”and are both modern latecomer countries.As they were coerced by western countries to enter the modern age,they shared multiple common features.An exploration of the two countries’respective rising of modern women’s education is an important path to discuss the reconstruction of gender and an important method of the course of the embodiment of east-Asian women into modernization drives.With regards to conclusion,entering the modern age,Chinese and Japanese intellectuals reshaped the female gender in terms of interpersonal relationship,value system,and knowledge structure by advocating the idea of“virtuous wives and worthy mothers”education.In the concept of virtuous wives and worthy mothers in East Asia,the Confucian ethics of“docility and virtue”is the soul,and modern scientific knowledge serves this core value.On the other hand,in the course of localization in China and Japan,this imported concept from the West has encountered a completely different historical fate.

Failure of a “Modern” Education: Mansfield Park as a Case Study

This paper explores the moral anarchy caused by the failed education in Mansfield Park, and demonstrates the insufficiency of mere intellectual education and the absolute necessity of moral education in the formation of a mature and responsible character.

Facilitators and Constraints:Perceptions of Gender Differences on Women’s Career Advancement

The underrepresentation in top management positions has made women’s status in the hospitality industry a great concern.The study examined hospitality students’,educators’,and industry recruiters’perceptions of facilitators and constraints on women’s career advancement and identified if there were any significant differences among them.Data were collected through an online survey.Perceptions of gender differences of facilitators and constraints in women’s career advancement and gender issues were analyzed within the three groups(students,educators,and recruiters).Results revealed significant gender differences between male and female educators and recruiters.The findings suggested that hospitality education should make a contribution and reveal barriers and gender issues in the industry.

Korean New Women： Korean New Women＇s Fluctuation in International and Korean Contexts

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, ＂New Woman＂ was an international phenomenon. Although various national contexts contributed many different shades of meaning to the concept of ＂New Woman＂ in each country, New Women across the world shared common ground. In the 1920s, when American New Women experimented with their new identity, New Women in Korea also discovered a new sense of selfhood and confidence to make inroads into public spheres. Under Japan＇s colonial rule （1910-1945）, Korean women, valued as a national hidden reservoir, gained access to education and made attempts to remove traditional constraints. Despite different situations surrounding Korean and American New Women, their recognition, pursuit, and places in history echoed one another＇s. The bold and innovative nature of Korean New Women has attracted much academic as well as public attention. Most of the rich body of scholarship on this topic focuses on famous figures whose flamboyant defiance met a tragic end or on the sacrifices and failures of New Women＇s pursuit in confronting nationalism. The nation is an important and useful framework in history, but additional factors should be considered for a better understanding of New Women. Not only does this paper consider national context, it also pays much needed attention to an international connection in women＇s history.

线上直播联合回馈教学法在孕妇学校中的应用

目的 探讨线上直播联合回馈教学法在孕妇学校中的应用效果。方法 选择2019年1月至2022年8月在该院产检及分娩的584例孕产妇作为研究对象,其中2019年1月至2021年8月产检及分娩的孕产妇(308例)为对照组,2021年9月至2022年8月产检及分娩的孕产妇(276例)为试验组。对照组采用传统孕妇学校模式进行健康教育,试验组采用线上直播联合回馈教学法进行健康教育。分别对2组孕产妇听课情况、课程满意度、健康教育效果及分娩自我效能进行评价对比。结果 试验组孕产妇在听课次数、分娩自我效能、操作类课程满意度方面优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组孕产妇理论课程满意度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组孕产妇健康教育效果相较于对照组有待提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 线上直播联合回馈教学法能提高孕妇的健康教育参与度及其分娩自我效能,但学习效果及学习满意度仍有待提高。

How did women’s education and differential family planning policies shape transition to second and third births in historical China? New evidence from micro data

The influence of China’s family planning policies on fertility transition is widely acknowledged in research studies.However,little is known about how improve-ments in women’s education have shaped reproductive decisions of Chinese women across different family planning regimes,particularly at micro level.This study uses retrospective pooled birth history data from five consecutive population and fam-ily planning surveys collected over the period 1982-2006 to systematically examine the interrelationship between family planning policies and women’s education,and their interactive effect on the second and third birth transitions.We hypothesize that family planning policies had a differential influence on educational groups in reduc-ing the transition to second and third births.The results from discrete time com-plementary log-log survival models provide strong evidence of differential repro-ductive behavior of education groups across time in China,and the simultaneous influence of women’s education and family planning policies in lowering risks to higher parities.The rates of progression to second and third births tend to be lower after the introduction of rigid family planning policies,and more importantly,the policy impact persisted even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.The increase in women’s education overall had a depressing effect on transi-tion to higher parities,and family planning policies implemented overtime have had differential effects on women from different educational groups.The findings show that both family planning policies and women’s education have been instrumental in shaping fertility behavior in China.

书写母亲的历史——二战后日本国民历史学运动与妇女史的实践

第二次世界大战之后,日本左翼思潮兴起,马克思主义的影响尤为重要。由马克思主义史家石母田正领导的国民历史学运动便是一例。这一运动倡导知识分子协助民众,书写工人、农民等民众的历史,进而重构日本历史的主体。在国民历史学运动中,妇女史书写是重要的组成部分,而“母亲的历史”的书写又是最为核心的内容。通过书写母亲的历史这一史学实践,国民历史学运动从立场、方法、资料等多个维度拓展了日本近现代史学发展的空间。

外求与内铄:严修与近代中国女子教育的发轫

严修是启动清末新式女子教育的重要人物。他在“新政”改革期间结合日本近代女子教育经验,以私学形式创办严氏系列女学,培养了近代华北地区首批知识女性和幼教人才。并在担任直隶和学部官员期间,持续督办女学,扶持女性教育家,推进出台《女学章程》,一定程度上改变了直隶乃至全国女子教育的形势。从教育史的宏观进程来看,作为旧式科举出身的文人,严修在时代变革来临时,能主动吸收国外教育近代化经验并身体力行,由微观而至全局,于民国到来前完成中国女子教育的“起手式”,代表了大变局之下中国教育传统自我转型的努力。

以妇女儿童为主体 发挥妇联网络优势开展HIV/AIDS预防教育与关怀活动

以妇女儿童为主体,发挥妇联网络优势,与联合国儿基会合作通过层层培训及大众传媒,深入开展了艾滋病预防知识宣传培训的社会动员工作,包括培养骨干,将宣传材料翻译成11种少数民族文字,利用各种途径传播相关知识,开展针对辍学女童等不同人群为目标人群的HIV/AIDS预防教育培训。通过以上措施,提高了广大妇女儿童有关预防和控制HIV/AIDS知识。

Women's Higher Education in China

AT the Huairou NGO Forum on Women, participants in the Workshop on Women’s Higher Education in China were inspired by Chinese speakers to give voice to their own ideas. The line for speaking grew so long as to require Qi Wenying, Workshop Chairwoman and Professor from Beijing University, to announce a new time limit of

The Development of Women's Education in China

Ⅰ THE long-standing Chinese traditionalculture embodies numerous excellencieswhich have survived the test of time andbeen carried on generation by generation.However, there is no need for reticence inobserving that some obsolete elements have alsosurvived which fetter people’s mind and hindersocial progress. For a long time, distorted gendervalues such as "Man is superior to woman","Three-obedience and four virtues" and"Husband sets the guide for wife", hadcontributed to the weakness and inferioritycomplex in local women’s mentality. Not untilthe democratic movement of contemporaryChina was the progress of women’s liberationwitnessed. The values fettering women’s mindswere shaken and the spiritual shackles shattered.Women’s roles in China’s social developmenthave become prominent.

U-G-S教师教育模式下中学历史教师培养实证研究

U—G—S教师教育模式,即师范院校—地方教育主管部门—优质中学三位一体的协同育人模式。玉林师范学院历史学专业凭借U-G-S模式,通过共建学科教学实践基地,探索"双导师"制度,开展协同创新教研交流等多种途径,不断提高学生的教师职业素养,毕业生中学历史教师资格证通过率逐年提升,且大多对口就业,在中学任教,服务于地方基础教育改革与发展。

以党史学习教育提高教师党员党性修养

百年党史记载了中国共产党领导人民群众创造历史的伟大征程,无论是成功的经验,还是经历过的曲折,都是一笔宝贵的财富。历史是最好的教科书,教师党员在党史学习教育和传承上肩负重任,党史学习对教师党员自身的党性修养,对培养学生和推动教育事业发展发挥着重要作用,结合时代的背景,提升教师党员党性修养需要建立党史学习长效机制,同时也要发挥教师党支部的战斗堡垒作用,不断提升教师专业水平,更好地将学习效果向广大学生辐射。

上海市40~60岁社区妇女保健门诊患者骨质疏松症的认知状况及对预防服务需求的影响

目的了解上海市40~60岁社区妇女保健门诊患者骨质疏松症知识掌握情况、相关服务需求与利用状况,为进一步完善围绝经期妇女骨健康的预防策略提供依据。方法2022年10月—2023年4月,在上海市10家社区卫生服务中心妇女保健门诊就诊的40~60岁患者人群中开展骨质疏松症知识评价、服务需求与利用的问卷调查。结果1278名40~60岁社区妇女保健门诊患者骨质疏松症的知识问卷总知识得分的不及格率为73.00%。不同类别知识的不及格率从高到低排序,依次是危险因素(75.98%)、运动知识(71.83%)和钙知识(31.77%)。经卡方检验,三类知识的不及格率、及格率和良好率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=655.83,P<0.001)。不同年龄组、文化程度、工作情况、月收入的妇女的骨质疏松症知识得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。文化程度越低,月收入越低,知识得分越低;在岗妇女的知识得分更高,无业妇女的知识得分较低。排在前2位的骨质疏松症防治服务项目为“40岁以上妇女体检要增加骨密度检测项目”(81.14%)和“社区定期开展骨质疏松症的筛查”(77.70%)。logistic回归分析结果显示,与三类知识均及格的妇女相比至少一类(OR值为1.714,95%CI为1.068~2.751)或两类(OR值为1.603,95%CI为1.043~2.545)知识不及格的女性未做过骨密度检测的可能性更高。结论在上海市严峻的人口老龄化背景下,应关注骨健康知识薄弱环节,关注低学历、低收入、无职业的围绝经期妇女等重点人群,在围绝经期妇女保健服务中纳入骨质疏松症的健康教育、早期风险识别的预防措施,充分发挥基层妇女卫生保健服务的存量资源作用。

陈衡哲女性教育思想及其当代价值

陈衡哲作为我国近代第一位女教授,以其自身行动促进了女性社会地位的提升,其女性教育思想的形成受到了国内儒家思想与进步思想的浸染以及留学期间西方教育家思想的双重影响。陈衡哲女性教育思想倡导男女机会均等的教育原则;以人文教育与人格教育兼顾为教育内容;以女性能依据自己的兴趣天赋选择为教育目的。陈衡哲重视女性母职教育,肯定了母职的社会价值,为女性平衡家庭与事业树立了良好典范。陈衡哲女性教育思想不仅为女性的解放和独立提供了思想土壤,还对我国女性教育的发展起到了借鉴作用。

基于Java EE的百年党史思政教育系统设计与实现

为了解决互联网环境下高校思政教育缺乏专门的思政信息管理系统和教育平台造成信息泛滥缺、低价值的问题,提出基于B/S三层架构设计并实现一个思政教育系统。该系统实现了对多种不同信息的可视化、检索查询、统计分析、后台管理等功能。有效实现了信息管理和资源大范围共享,同时具备可扩展性强、方便维护等优势,有利于推进高校思政教育的发展,引领社会正确价值观导向。