A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

Analyzing the Influences on Women’s Upbringing and Their Educational Significance Using the Case of Estella,the Heroine of Great Expectations

This paper explores the influences on women’s upbringing and their educational significance by using the character Estella from Great Expectations as a case study.Through analyzing the impact of social environment,family education,and self-awakening,this article aims to promote gender equality and the construction of a feminist cognitive community.It delves into the class divisions of 19th-century England,the manipulative family education imposed on Estella by Miss Havisham,and Estella’s journey towards self-consciousness after her foster mother’s death.The study highlights the challenges faced by women in societal constraints,family expectations,and the importance of self-discovery in overcoming these limitations.

Report on the Educational Process for the Promotion of Health of Women Attended in a Reference Center of Social Assistance

This article discusses one experienced by students and preceptors of Programs Pro-Pet-Health and Health of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí in the Reference Center for Social Assistance (CRAS) in the municipality of experience Santa Cruz/RN, with a view to the relationship between preventive health activities and social assistance. The proposed work of Pro-Pet in the assistance unit sought to unravel the lifestyle of the target audience in order to know the risk factors and suggest the adoption of health measures for disease prevention. Work to guide the educational process for health promotion with socioeconomic and cultural contextualization built on scientific papers surveyed in Lilacs and Scielo data was used. On average, 12 women aged between 35 and 60 years participated in the group. Eight group sessions occurred in the period from March to May 2014. Regarding work methodologies, we used dynamic integration and self-knowledge;dialogued lectures;lectures;reports of experiences;thematic workshops;educational videos;wheels conversation complemented by the use of texts and poems;as well as application of the checklist in conducting health and anthropometry. The experience helped identify the characteristics of the group and plan understandable and meaningful guidance for women, facilitating the understanding of the importance of self-care in preventing disease.

The Rise of Women’s Education and the Modernity of East Asia:Focusing on the Education of“Virtuous Wives and Worthy Mothers”in China and Japan

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan.Looking back on the past and forward to the future,we realize modernity has become a critical issue that not only China and Japan,but the whole East Asian region should pay attention to.China and Japan are both within the“Circle of Confucius Culture”and are both modern latecomer countries.As they were coerced by western countries to enter the modern age,they shared multiple common features.An exploration of the two countries’respective rising of modern women’s education is an important path to discuss the reconstruction of gender and an important method of the course of the embodiment of east-Asian women into modernization drives.With regards to conclusion,entering the modern age,Chinese and Japanese intellectuals reshaped the female gender in terms of interpersonal relationship,value system,and knowledge structure by advocating the idea of“virtuous wives and worthy mothers”education.In the concept of virtuous wives and worthy mothers in East Asia,the Confucian ethics of“docility and virtue”is the soul,and modern scientific knowledge serves this core value.On the other hand,in the course of localization in China and Japan,this imported concept from the West has encountered a completely different historical fate.

Failure of a “Modern” Education: Mansfield Park as a Case Study

This paper explores the moral anarchy caused by the failed education in Mansfield Park, and demonstrates the insufficiency of mere intellectual education and the absolute necessity of moral education in the formation of a mature and responsible character.

Facilitators and Constraints:Perceptions of Gender Differences on Women’s Career Advancement

The underrepresentation in top management positions has made women’s status in the hospitality industry a great concern.The study examined hospitality students’,educators’,and industry recruiters’perceptions of facilitators and constraints on women’s career advancement and identified if there were any significant differences among them.Data were collected through an online survey.Perceptions of gender differences of facilitators and constraints in women’s career advancement and gender issues were analyzed within the three groups(students,educators,and recruiters).Results revealed significant gender differences between male and female educators and recruiters.The findings suggested that hospitality education should make a contribution and reveal barriers and gender issues in the industry.

How did women’s education and differential family planning policies shape transition to second and third births in historical China? New evidence from micro data

The influence of China’s family planning policies on fertility transition is widely acknowledged in research studies.However,little is known about how improve-ments in women’s education have shaped reproductive decisions of Chinese women across different family planning regimes,particularly at micro level.This study uses retrospective pooled birth history data from five consecutive population and fam-ily planning surveys collected over the period 1982-2006 to systematically examine the interrelationship between family planning policies and women’s education,and their interactive effect on the second and third birth transitions.We hypothesize that family planning policies had a differential influence on educational groups in reduc-ing the transition to second and third births.The results from discrete time com-plementary log-log survival models provide strong evidence of differential repro-ductive behavior of education groups across time in China,and the simultaneous influence of women’s education and family planning policies in lowering risks to higher parities.The rates of progression to second and third births tend to be lower after the introduction of rigid family planning policies,and more importantly,the policy impact persisted even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.The increase in women’s education overall had a depressing effect on transi-tion to higher parities,and family planning policies implemented overtime have had differential effects on women from different educational groups.The findings show that both family planning policies and women’s education have been instrumental in shaping fertility behavior in China.

以妇女儿童为主体 发挥妇联网络优势开展HIV/AIDS预防教育与关怀活动

以妇女儿童为主体,发挥妇联网络优势,与联合国儿基会合作通过层层培训及大众传媒,深入开展了艾滋病预防知识宣传培训的社会动员工作,包括培养骨干,将宣传材料翻译成11种少数民族文字,利用各种途径传播相关知识,开展针对辍学女童等不同人群为目标人群的HIV/AIDS预防教育培训。通过以上措施,提高了广大妇女儿童有关预防和控制HIV/AIDS知识。

Women's Higher Education in China

AT the Huairou NGO Forum on Women, participants in the Workshop on Women’s Higher Education in China were inspired by Chinese speakers to give voice to their own ideas. The line for speaking grew so long as to require Qi Wenying, Workshop Chairwoman and Professor from Beijing University, to announce a new time limit of

The Development of Women's Education in China

Ⅰ THE long-standing Chinese traditionalculture embodies numerous excellencieswhich have survived the test of time andbeen carried on generation by generation.However, there is no need for reticence inobserving that some obsolete elements have alsosurvived which fetter people’s mind and hindersocial progress. For a long time, distorted gendervalues such as "Man is superior to woman","Three-obedience and four virtues" and"Husband sets the guide for wife", hadcontributed to the weakness and inferioritycomplex in local women’s mentality. Not untilthe democratic movement of contemporaryChina was the progress of women’s liberationwitnessed. The values fettering women’s mindswere shaken and the spiritual shackles shattered.Women’s roles in China’s social developmenthave become prominent.

U-G-S教师教育模式下中学历史教师培养实证研究

U—G—S教师教育模式,即师范院校—地方教育主管部门—优质中学三位一体的协同育人模式。玉林师范学院历史学专业凭借U-G-S模式,通过共建学科教学实践基地,探索"双导师"制度,开展协同创新教研交流等多种途径,不断提高学生的教师职业素养,毕业生中学历史教师资格证通过率逐年提升,且大多对口就业,在中学任教,服务于地方基础教育改革与发展。

以党史学习教育提高教师党员党性修养

百年党史记载了中国共产党领导人民群众创造历史的伟大征程,无论是成功的经验,还是经历过的曲折,都是一笔宝贵的财富。历史是最好的教科书,教师党员在党史学习教育和传承上肩负重任,党史学习对教师党员自身的党性修养,对培养学生和推动教育事业发展发挥着重要作用,结合时代的背景,提升教师党员党性修养需要建立党史学习长效机制,同时也要发挥教师党支部的战斗堡垒作用,不断提升教师专业水平,更好地将学习效果向广大学生辐射。

上海市40~60岁社区妇女保健门诊患者骨质疏松症的认知状况及对预防服务需求的影响

目的了解上海市40~60岁社区妇女保健门诊患者骨质疏松症知识掌握情况、相关服务需求与利用状况,为进一步完善围绝经期妇女骨健康的预防策略提供依据。方法2022年10月—2023年4月,在上海市10家社区卫生服务中心妇女保健门诊就诊的40~60岁患者人群中开展骨质疏松症知识评价、服务需求与利用的问卷调查。结果1278名40~60岁社区妇女保健门诊患者骨质疏松症的知识问卷总知识得分的不及格率为73.00%。不同类别知识的不及格率从高到低排序,依次是危险因素(75.98%)、运动知识(71.83%)和钙知识(31.77%)。经卡方检验,三类知识的不及格率、及格率和良好率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=655.83,P<0.001)。不同年龄组、文化程度、工作情况、月收入的妇女的骨质疏松症知识得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。文化程度越低,月收入越低,知识得分越低;在岗妇女的知识得分更高,无业妇女的知识得分较低。排在前2位的骨质疏松症防治服务项目为“40岁以上妇女体检要增加骨密度检测项目”(81.14%)和“社区定期开展骨质疏松症的筛查”(77.70%)。logistic回归分析结果显示,与三类知识均及格的妇女相比至少一类(OR值为1.714,95%CI为1.068~2.751)或两类(OR值为1.603,95%CI为1.043~2.545)知识不及格的女性未做过骨密度检测的可能性更高。结论在上海市严峻的人口老龄化背景下,应关注骨健康知识薄弱环节,关注低学历、低收入、无职业的围绝经期妇女等重点人群,在围绝经期妇女保健服务中纳入骨质疏松症的健康教育、早期风险识别的预防措施,充分发挥基层妇女卫生保健服务的存量资源作用。

陈衡哲女性教育思想及其当代价值

陈衡哲作为我国近代第一位女教授,以其自身行动促进了女性社会地位的提升,其女性教育思想的形成受到了国内儒家思想与进步思想的浸染以及留学期间西方教育家思想的双重影响。陈衡哲女性教育思想倡导男女机会均等的教育原则;以人文教育与人格教育兼顾为教育内容;以女性能依据自己的兴趣天赋选择为教育目的。陈衡哲重视女性母职教育,肯定了母职的社会价值,为女性平衡家庭与事业树立了良好典范。陈衡哲女性教育思想不仅为女性的解放和独立提供了思想土壤,还对我国女性教育的发展起到了借鉴作用。

基于Java EE的百年党史思政教育系统设计与实现

为了解决互联网环境下高校思政教育缺乏专门的思政信息管理系统和教育平台造成信息泛滥缺、低价值的问题,提出基于B/S三层架构设计并实现一个思政教育系统。该系统实现了对多种不同信息的可视化、检索查询、统计分析、后台管理等功能。有效实现了信息管理和资源大范围共享,同时具备可扩展性强、方便维护等优势,有利于推进高校思政教育的发展,引领社会正确价值观导向。

王尽美教育思想及其当代启示

王尽美作为中国共产党创始人之一,以求学经历及革命教育实践为基点,站在最广大人民群众的视角,从中国社会转型的浪潮中,剖析当时教育问题,提出通过教育改造社会的观点。他反对阶级教育,提倡平民教育,反对旧式教育,提倡新式教育。王尽美教育理念涵盖乡村教育、师范教育、女子教育与工人教育,在当时对普及山东平民教育、培养教育人才、保护受教育权、推动教育改革和革命发展起到积极作用;为当下我们立足社会现实,分析探索教育的改革和发展有重要的借鉴意义。

打造新媒体红色阵地 赋能党史学习教育——以高校共青团公众号“广交青年”党史学习教育实践为例

新媒体是开展党史学习教育的重要阵地,高校共青团公众号充分发挥新媒体优势开展线上党史学习教育势在必行,但也遇到了诸多挑战。以高校共青团公众号“广交青年”党史学习教育实践为例,探索通过新媒体深化党史学习教育的策略和方法,引领青年传承红色基因、赓续红色血脉。

China’s New Laws and Policies on Nongovernmental Education: Background, Characteristics, and Impact Analysis

Purpose:China has a long history of private school education.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,nongovernmental education(private school education)once disappeared from Chinese society until its revival following the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.With its development of more than four decades,nongovernmental education has become an important part of China’s educational system and is vigorously promoting the modernization progress of Chinese education.Design/Approach/Methods:Being different from the overseas private school education,which is mostly funded by donations,China’s nongovernmental education sector has operated on the basis of private capital investments and contributions,with the organizers(contributors)typically expecting economic returns.Marked by the introduction of regulations and policies for nongovernmental education around the year of 2016,China’s nongovernmental education sector officially entered a new era of registration,support,and regulation by category.Findings:The macroscopic policies of China’s nongovernmental education in new era present the following new characters:(Ⅰ)Emphasizing education provision as a public interest and comprehensively strengthening private school leadership;(Ⅱ)managing negative lists and broadening the means by which social forces participate in operating schools;(Ⅲ)implementing preferential policies for private schools through categories based on the principle of being fair but different;(Ⅳ)supporting the development of private schools with the goal of improving education quality;(Ⅴ)standardizing private schools’operating practices in order to promote healthy and orderly development.Originality/Value:The implementing of the new policies on nongovernmental education shall have significant impact on the development and reform of China’s nongovernmental education in the future:(1)The rapid development of nonprofit private schools due to government support;(2)for-profit private schools may face polarization in a fiercely competitive market environment;(3)heavy burden of categorizing and transferring existing stock of schools due to various historical and realistic constraints.

History of the National Women's Congress

The First National Women’s Congress Meeting dates: March 24-April 3, 1949 Location: Beiping (now Beijing) Number of attendees: 474 The opening speech, given by Cai Chang, was followed by a working report read by Deng Yingchao, entitled "The Present Strategies and Tasks of the Chinese

客家女子服饰的演变

从客家民系形成历史入手,以王东的"语言习俗形成说"为标志的民系形成理论为基础(即认为客家民系形成于明代中期),将客家女子服饰演变划分为3个时期并将各时期服饰形制及其特点进行归纳总结:第1时期为明代中期至清末,是客家妇女服饰形成阶段,其服装样制与中原基本一致,出现了与南方少数民族相类似的服饰特点;第2时期为清末民初的客家女子传统服饰成熟阶段,客家传统服饰样制与文化特征基本形成;第3时期从民初至20世纪中叶,为客家妇女服饰的消亡期,传统服饰与现代服饰并存。