Foreign Landscape Architecture History Teaching by Introducing Three-dimensional Graphic Analysis:A Case Study of Italian Renaissance Gardens

Taking contents of Italian Renaissance gardens in the course Foreign Landscape Architecture History as an example,this paper introduces case teaching method and analyzes application of three-dimensional graphic analysis method in case teaching in detail,aiming at typical cases of Italian Renaissance gardens,namely,Villa Medici,Fiesole and Villa d’Este,Tivoli.Three-dimensional graphic analysis can help students form intuitive feeling of terrain and space,further understand the typical gardening techniques of foreign gardens,so as to improve the teaching effect of landscape architecture history course.

Gu Jiegang’s “Discussion of Ancient History” Movement and It Relationship with Developments in Western Sinology

The scholarship in modern China is closely related to Western sinology in terms of school ties.Gu Jiegang’s launching of the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement centered on the"theory of the accumulated creation of Chinese ancient history"was a representative example.At the beginning of the movement Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang proposed the notion that,"there was no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty"which was indebted to the historical skepticism by Philip Van Ness Myers(American scholar)and Friedrich Hirth(German sinologist)of the same period.The idea that"the Shang Dynasty is still in the late Stone Age"advocated by Hu and Gu was also directly influenced by J.G.Andersson’s An Early Chinese Culture.Conversely,American sinologist Arthur W.Hummel Sr played a key role in introducing and evaluating the first volume of Discussion of Ancient History to Western academia.Paradoxically,while Swedish sinologis Bernhard Karlgren wrote On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan to refute Kang Youwei’s reinterpretation of Confucian Classics(The Forged Classics of the Wang Mang Period),his work however became of value for Chinese historic doubt scholars to reaffirm the value of New Text Confucianism and advance the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement.If we would like to choose a saying to describe the relationship between the"Discussion of Ancien History"movement and Western Sinology,the Chinese proverb,"Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade of this one,"may be an appropriate choice.

Furtherance and Shaping:On the Media-Making of Hankow in the“Foreign Newspaper Era”(1866-1900)

“The Era of Foreign Newspapers”refers to the period from the emergence of the first modern newspaper in Hankow in 1866 to 1900 when Wuhan’s newspaper industry was dominated by foreign newspapers.The well-known foreign newspapers in Wuhan during this period mainly included Hankow Times,The New Edition of Tan Dao,and Han Bao.The subjective purpose of foreigners’early endeavors of running newspapers in Wuhan was mainly to use newspapers to convey business information,spread religion,or influence public opinion in order to safeguard their own interests in China.However,foreign newspapers in this period played a constructive role in the development of Wuhan’s local society:It gave birth to the emergence and development of the first private and official newspapers in Wuhan and shaped the local social,cultural,and political changes in Wuhan in the late Qing Dynasty.Sorting out and explaining the constructive influence of Hankow’s foreign newspaper in this period has certain significance for restoring the social and political landscape of Wuhan at that time and better understanding the context of historical development.

China’s Foreign Trade:A History

China’s foreign trade has been developing in tandem with the pulse of the country’s overall economic development.During the

Nanjing Foreign Affairs Office Conducts Sino-Japanese History Teachers’ Exchanges for Third Consecutive Year

Since 2014,the Nanjing Foreign Affairs Office has cooperated with the Japan Association of History Educators to organize three annual exchanges of Chinese and Japanese history teachers as one part of a series of activities under the theme'Joining hands with foreign friends to build peace cities'.The Japanese association is a nongovernmental organization with

A Brief History of the Shanghai People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries

Founded on September 13,1956,the Shanghai People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries(SPAFFC)is one of the first local branches of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.In its 60-year history,it has been committed to people-to-people exchanges with foreign countries and regions.It is proud to say that up

Spatial Distribution and Changes of Heavy Metals of Agricultural Lands in Typical Pregrading Coast in Dongtai City,Jiangsu Province,China

According to the historical changes of coastal lines, seven soil sampling districts, from land to sea, were arranged in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province to sample soils from surface and profile. Concentrations of seven major heavy metals (HMs), granularity, pH, organic matters and C/N of the soil samples were analyzed. Results show that concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural land present a certain spatial variance, decreasing from land to sea. Pollution assessment indicates that the agricultural soils were not polluted by HMs, but the potential pollution of Cu and Hg needs to be alerted. Different HMs accumulate in the surface and sub-surface of the soil profiles, and concentrations of Hg and Pb decrease significantly with the increment of soil depth. Concentrations of HMs exhibit a significantly negative correlation to pH, but have no significant relation with organic matters in soil. Principle component analysis show that the concentrations of HMs relate to the land use history. Concentrations of Hg, Ni and Cr in soil are closely related with land use history, and concentrations of Pb, Cu and Cr are affected by land use history as well as other factors. However, there is no significant relation between concentration of As and land use history.

The Qing Dynasty Ministry of Justice Memorials and“The New History”

The Qing Dynasty Grand Secretariat Archives are considered to be among the four great ancient texts discovered in modem Chinese history,and the memorials from the Ministry of Justice have garnered particular attention due to their well-preserved socio-economic contemt(S)).From the 20th century onwards the New History,with its emphasis on drawing upon the social sciences'discussions of citizens,comnnunities and society,came to replace the more traditional"Imperial Genealogy"style of historiography,affording us a grander view of history.Progressing fbrward with"the times,"the New History continued to innovate and diversify the field;in terms of Qing dynasty social historical research,it brought about constant exploration and change within the field,first having shifted from socio-economic history to social history,then moving on to life history,the investigation of the"seeds of capitalism,"class relations,lower-clss society,marriage and family relations,law and justice,gender studies,daily life(Tif T,livelihood and environment"),and so on,continually pushing the boundaries of academic research.Yet,underlying all this change wqs a close relationship between the use of the Ministry of Justice Memorials and the field's overall development.This article not only introduces several findings made by academicians in using the Ministry of Justice Memiorials,but also sets out to further reveal the relationship between the New History and the memorials themselves,probing into the deeper question of broader changes in historiography and their relationship with generational shifts in inrellectual thought.

A Case Study of Allocasuarina robusta Recovery Using History and Biogeography to Identify Future Priorities

Identifying the cause of a threatened species can aid in how best to formulate recovery actions. Recovery can be based on broad concepts and may not reflect a specific community or species requirements. Urban sprawl and intensification of land are known as threatening processes. How a threatening process interacts with a threatened species can aid in the recovery efforts. In South Australia, the species Allocasuarina robusta provides an opportunity to understand how past land usage may direct recovery efforts. Information on past land usage can involve identifying and using data from multiple repositories. The investigation focused on the relationship between changes in land use and herbarium data to understand a relationship between a common and threatened species. As a species evolves and adapts, the conservation practices used, including the methods used for identifying future actions, needs to be reflective of a changing environment. A changing environment can have consequences to biodiversity, creating several issues for a land manager. Traditional species recovery techniques can slow the threatening process down. Sometimes these threats may be visible like grazing from fauna(native and introduced). The threat to Allocasuarina robusta is a change in land use originating from anthropogenic activities. Supplementary planting with tube stock is a well-grounded practice, but the implications from this practice may need further investigation. Natural regeneration is crucial for long term population survival, but in Allocasuarina robusta, this is not occurring. The Allocasuarina robusta investigation aims to explore the relationships between herbarium data and land-use histories to guide future recovery efforts.

Foresights, Expectations and Implications of China＇s Foreign Language Proficiency Scaling and Rating Framework

Referring to the well established foreign language proficiency evaluation scale frameworks such as the CEFR （Common European Framework of Reference for Languages） in Europe and ILR （The Interagency Language Roundtable） scale in the United States, Chinese language education authority is dedicating great efforts to the contruction of the Chinese targeted and tailored national proficiency evaluation system. This initiative will tremendously subvert the traditional language learning and testing mechanism, bring phenomenal transformations and innovations to the future language learning and teaching approaches and methodologies, and meanwhile impose great influence on the language concerning administration and profession.

文明的求索:晚清民国思想史中的现代化理论

现代化是晚清民国思想史的主旋律。鸦片战争以降,古老的中华农业文明遭遇发轫于西欧的现代工业文明的挑战,中国在文明冲突中通过文化传播而采纳融合现代文明。面对现代文明转型的“三千年未有之大变局”,一代代民族精英对中国的现代化进行了艰苦不懈的改革实践和思想探索。“洋务”、“富强”、“维新”、“新民”、“革命”、“文明”、“新文化”、“西化”和“现代化”这些新观念的递嬗,呈现了晚清民国思想史上早期中国现代化理论形态的曲折演进。从晚清“中体西用”的“洋务”思潮,到20世纪30年代思想界对“文明”与“文化”、“现代化”与“西方化”的分辨,表征着中国早期现代化理论形态的趋于成熟。

时间的教育意义与我国外国教育史研究的新进路

时间是人类展示文明、承接记忆的文化工具。历史学是时间中的人类的科学,脱离特定的时间,任何历史现象都难以得到理解。人类的全部历史存在于由时间和空间构成的体系之中,时间和空间为人类认识自然界和自身历史提供了方法论支持,而时间与人的发展的内在联系确立了教育时间的存在价值和意义,所以说时间的教育意义成就了教育时间,任何教育活动都离不开教育时间,因此,也赋予了其人类教育历史研究的基本内涵。于我国外国教育史研究而言,彰显教育时间在外国教育史研究中的本体论意义,运用教育时间构建涵盖全部人类教育活动的教育史体系,嵌入教育时间更新外国教育史的阐释与分析框架,基于教育时间探究外国教育史的结构性主题,都将有助于我国外国教育史研究新进路的开辟与拓展。

Physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various farming systems of cold arid region in Balochistan,Pakistan

Barshore is a small village in the Pishin District,Balochistan,Pakistan,with dry summers and cold rainy winters.This is an agrarian region,mostly with orchards of various fruit trees.This study investigated the physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various agricultural management practices of this region.The concentrations of soil organic matter(SOM),soil organic carbon(SOC),nutrients,pH,electrical conductivity,soil texture,and the abundance and number of species of soil macrofauna of the agricultural fields were measured.Fifteen agricultural fields were sampled.Fourteen fields were orchards of apple,apricot or the mixture of apple and apricot trees and one field was a cropland,cultivated with wheat as a monocrop.The orchards were under conservation agricultural practices;whereas,the cropland was under conventional management.These agricultural lands were 2-26 years old.The concentration of soil organic matter(SOM)in the upper 0-10 cm depth of these field sites ranged from 11.6 g kg^(-1)to 32.8 g kg^(-1)soil.As compared to cropland,orchards had significantly higher concentration of SOM and SOC.A total of 18 soil macrofauna species were found and the most common and abundant were ants(Monomorium minimum,Camponotus pennsylvanicus,Solenopsis invicta,and Lasius niger)followed by Arion ssp.(Brown Slug)and earthworm Lumbricus terrestris.Regression analysis revealed non-significant relationship of the age and the concentration of SOM with the number of macrofauna species and with the concentrations of total mineral nitrogen,bioavailable phosphorus and clay.The existence of ants had no relationship with the concentration of SOM;whereas,existence of Lumbricus terrestris tended to had a positive relationship with the concentration of SOM.The field of tree-based intercropping system was 2 years of age since the land was converted from rangeland to a cropland,had two ant species coexisting.This indicates the positive influence of crop diversification on soil macrofauna.

曹孚先生生平与教育学术大事编年

曹孚先生是我国著名的教育学家、教育史学家。他生于清末辛亥年,长于民国,勤学博览,专攻教育。先后任教于复旦大学、华东师范大学。从1954年起,历任人民教育出版社编审、中央教育科学研究所研究员,参与师范学校教育学教学大纲和教材的编修、国家十二年教育科学规划的制订、中央教育科学研究所的筹办,主持编写高校文科教材《外国教育史》,为我国教育科学规划事业、教育科研机构的发展、教育学教材编写、中国化教育学体系和外国教育史学科的建设等作出了重要贡献。

西部陆海新通道对沿线地区新质生产力提升的影响研究

聚焦于西部陆海新通道,运用T检验、动态面板数据模型、双重差分法、多时点双重差分法及事件分析法,系统分析该通道设立对沿线地区新质生产力提升的直接影响及内在机制。研究发现:西部陆海新通道的设立显著促进了沿线地区新质生产力的提升,且这一正面效应随时间推移逐步增强,突显出通道建设对区域经济发展的长期贡献。中介效应分析进一步发现,贸易的中介效应显著且正向,表明通道通过促进区域内外贸易的流通与繁荣,有效推动了沿线地区新质生产力的提升;外商直接投资的中介效应相对较弱,表明沿线区域在吸引高质量外资方面仍面临挑战;值得注意的是,虽然通道设立后基础设施得到了一定程度的改善和提升,但其作为中介对沿线地区新质生产力的间接提升效应并不显著,这提醒我们需要定制更为细致的政策规划和长期发展战略,以确保基础设施建设能够切实支撑区域新质生产力的持续增长。

黄运基《异乡三部曲》中的唐人街叙事与“家国”“异乡”协商

美华作家黄运基的《异乡三部曲》以旧金山唐人街为书写对象,多视角呈现了一个半世纪中华人在美国的历程,在历史视域下对华人的美国梦进行再审视。这种基于唐人街人文地理风貌、融合华人移民历史与个体经验的唐人街叙事,呈现了以华人家国情怀、兄弟情谊为代表的唐人街人文生态。小说在展现这种族裔文化特质的同时,还通过唐人街新一代华人的政治成长以及主人公与非裔好友的共同经历,强调华人必须克服唐人街思维、走出心理上的“唐人街”,在作为华人“家国”象征的唐人街和“异乡”象征的他族社区之间达成和解,从而在族裔共同体的合力之下真正实现“美国梦”。

罗马法复兴与近代欧洲法治文明

罗马法复兴运动是欧洲法律史上的重大历史事件,它反映了欧洲法治文明近代化的过程。这一运动起于中世纪意大利的各自治城市,前后有帕维亚、拉文纳、博洛尼亚等地的法学家的持续推动和助力。而罗马法研究之所以能在欧洲蔚然成风,是因为罗马法是当时的政教斗争中的有力武器,亦是文艺复兴之人文主义传播的重要手段之一。作为欧洲共同法的罗马法,一举奠定了中世纪欧洲多元一体的科学法律秩序,其后期兴起的法律民族主义思想也促进了欧洲民族法的编撰和研究,此外,罗马法中蕴含的自然法观、权利观、正义观、理性观等经进一步发展,成为了近代欧洲法治的核心内容。

20世纪我国外国教育史学科建设的回顾与展望

20世纪,我国外国教育史学科建设经历了初创、初步发展、以俄为师、艰难探索、恢复与重建以及深入发展六个阶段,每个阶段呈现出不同的特征。20世纪我国外国教育史学科在学科基础、学科性质、学科体系、研究对象和历史分期问题等方面获得了积极进展。新时代我国外国教育史学科的建设,需要进一步凸显学科自主发展意识、优化研究队伍建设、加强学科史料挖掘工作,加强学科的对外交流借鉴。

李健中篇小说集《脐血之地》的历史、人性与性别主题辨析

以长篇小说《木垒河》步入文坛的新疆作家李健,2022年由人民文学出版社推出中篇小说集《脐血之地》,试图将民国时期新疆大时代的动荡勾连到小人物的命运中去,隐现了追溯新疆多元一体文化、“讲好新疆故事”的努力;作家着意于人性的探幽发微,再现了民国时期边陲新疆混合多元的伦理环境;既试图对女性的整体处境寄予同情和理解,又不自觉将女性对象化为他者,表现了一定的男性中心意识。《脐血之地》对历史、人性和性别的书写源自作家生命历程中的故乡文化体验。