Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Crab Shell Using the Hydrothermal Method with Varying Holding Times

Hydroxyapatite(HA)is a bio ceramic commonly utilized in bone tissue engineering due to its bioactive and osteoconductive properties.Crab shells are usually disregarded as waste material despite their significant CaCO_(3) content,and have not been widely utilized in the synthesis of HA.This study aims to synthesize and analyze HA derived from crab shells using the hydrothermal method with different durations of holding time.This study utilized precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC)derived from crab shells.With a hydrothermal reactor set at 160°C and varying holding times of 14(HA_14),16(HA_16),and 18(HA_18)h,a PCC and(NH4)2HPO4 mixture was used to synthesize HA.The synthesis results were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)tests.This study has accomplished the synthesis of HA from crab shells.Nonetheless,the final product of synthesis still contained CaCO_(3) as an impurity.The prolonged hydrothermal holding time of 14 to 18 h resulted in a reduction of impurities while increasing the percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size of HA.Specimen CH_18 is the best-quality product generated in this study.This specimen produced HA with the highest percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size compared to the other specimens.Furthermore,specimen CH_18 exhibited the lowest concentration of impurities.The Ca/P ratio in this specimen was also the closest to 1.67.The Ca/P ratio,crystallite size,and crystal weight percentage of this specimen are 1.54,19.06 nm,and 99.1%,respectively.

Nail Holding Performance of Self-Tapping Screws on Masson Pine and Chinese Fir Dimension Lumbers

Screw connection is a type most commonly applied to timber structures.As important commercial tree species in China,Masson pine and Chinese fir have the potential to prepare wood structures.In this study,the effects of the diameter of the self-tapping screw and the guiding bores on the nail holding performance on different sections of Masson pine and Chinese fir dimension lumbers were mainly explored.The results showed that:(1)The nail holding strength of the tangential section was the maximum,followed by that of the radial section,and that of the cross section was the minimum.(2)The nail holding strength of Masson pine was higher than that of Chinese fir.(3)The nail holding strength grew with the increase in the diameter of self-tapping screws,but a large diameter would lead to plastic cracking of the timber,thus further affecting the nail holding strength.Masson pine and Chinese fir reached the maximum nail holding strength when the diameter of self-tapping screws was 3.5 mm.(4)Under a large diameter of screws,prefabricated guiding bores could mitigate timber cracking and improve its nail holding strength.(5)Prefabricated guiding bores were more necessary for the screw connection of Masson pine.The results obtained could provide a scientific basis for the screw connection design of Masson pine and Chinese fir timber structures.

CAFIU holds a Webinar on the New Vision of China-Bosnia and Herzegovina Cooperation and Role of Civil Society

On January 17,the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)and the Association of Bosnia-China Friendship co-hosted the webinar themed New Vision of China-Bosnia and Herzegovina Cooperation and Role of Civil Society.

China holds the secretariat of ISO/TC 341 on heat supply network

The inauguration of the secretariat of ISO/TC 341,Heat supply net work,was held in Beijing on April 11.China Urban Construction Design&Research Institute,a subordinate enterprise of China Construction Technology Consulting Co.,Ltd.(CCTC),holds the secret ariat,which is China’s first ISO secretariat for standardization in the field of housing and urban-rural development.

Application of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold Technique in Radiotherapy After Breast- Conserving Surgery for Left Breast Cancer and Its Improvement on Cardiac Dose

Objective:To analyze the application of deep inspiration breath hold technique in radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for left breast cancer and the improvement of cardiac dose.Methods:A total of 45 patients with left breast cancer treated in our hospital after breast-conserving surgery were selected,and the selection time was set from January 2020 to August 2022.All patients received radiotherapy.The right breast,heart,and lung volumes,and dose parameters of the heart,lungs,right breast,and left anterior descending coronary artery were compared under free breathing(FB)and deep inspiration breath hold(DIBH)technical modes.Results:The heart volume of the DIBH group was smaller than that of the FB group,and the left and right lung volumes were significantly larger than those of the FB group.In the DIBH group,the heart dose parameters V5,proper lung dose parameters,and left anterior descending coronary artery dose parameters were found lower than that of the FB group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with FB,the DIBH technique can reduce the heart’s size and increase the lung volume when used for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for left breast cancer.It also reduces the dose to the heart,right lung,and left anterior descending coronary artery,thus protecting the heart and lungs.

Optimization of Holding Temperature and Holding Thickness for Controlled Rolling on Plate Mill

Holding temperature and holding thickness are main parameters for two-phase controlled rolling on plate mill. The optimization of holding temperature and holding thickness for pass schedule calculation of two-phase controlled rolling on plate mill was presented and its feature is as follows： （1） Determination of holding thickness can be automatically obtained based on the influence of mill safety limits, tracking zone length and holding time on holding thickness; （2） Determination of holding temperature can be automatically obtained and the holding time can be reduced as much as possible; （3） Algorithm can modify the holding temperature and thickness depending on slab size and product size.

基于排队论模型的蓝牙Hold模式再利用研究

文章调查了蓝牙技术在低速率的网络应用中存在的问题,以排队论模型为基础,对蓝牙低能耗保持模式(Hold)进行了深入的分析和再利用研究。研究表明,蓝牙运行在低速率时,重复性使用Hold模式可减少系统的通信时间,提高系统利用率。仿真和结果验证表明,当Hold时间参数不变和采用较大的基带数据分组类型,例如3-DH5,将减少蓝牙通信时间,提高系统利用率。此外,根据应用速率特点,结合Hold模式再利用的传输方式,合理地设置Hold时间、通信时间和硬件缓存大小等参数,可优化整个系统的成本和运行时的功率消耗。

从“hold住”看网络流行语中的汉英语码混用现象

随着网络的飞速发展,网络流行语也日益丰富,不但成为网上使用的交流常用语,而且也逐渐来到网下,成为人们频繁使用的社会流行语,网络流行语的影响必将越来越大。近年来,网络流行语更是引起了语言学界的诸多关注,成为语言学家的热门研究对象。从最近流行的"hold住"一词出发,着重探讨网络流行语中的汉英语码混用现象,并通过实例分析语码混用的类型特点和现实意义。在积极肯定网络流行语作为语言形式的新发展的同时,也指出其存在的缺陷以及使用中需要注意之处。

流行短语“hold住”与“伤不起”的生成渠道及认知理据

社会的发展变化必然引起词汇的变化,而词汇的变异常常带有明显的时代特征。流行短语"hold住"与"伤不起"的产生说明了汉语自身内在的变动活跃性,而从其外在的认知理据则可看到当今社会的一些时代特征。

“hold不住”—从小儿遗尿看虚证的病理特点

"hold",英语中有"抑制"、"约束"、"控制"的意思。生物体的功能(及其相应结构)有进化、发育意义上的不同层次。不同层次功能间的关系上,以大脑皮层和交感神经为代表的高层次功能对低层次功能有抑制、控制作用。正常情况下,高层次功能能"hold住"低层次功能。虚证(指气虚证和阳虚证)情况下,高层次功能的强度减弱。因此,"hold不住"低层次功能,低层次功能的强度反弹性增强。虚证情况下,高层次功能"hold不住"低层次功能,小儿遗尿是明显的例子。小儿遗尿,指小儿到了能够控制排尿的年龄,而经常在夜间睡眠中不自觉地排尿。中枢神经系统对排尿控制的发育,是由低级中枢反射渐至大脑皮层意识控制的过程。遗尿患儿由于发育迟缓,大脑皮层兴奋性不足,因而低级中枢及其相应的排尿机制过度活跃,使夜间发生无意识的排尿。同时,小儿遗尿虚寒证表现突出。所以,从小儿遗尿看,高层次功能"hold不住"低层次功能,是虚证的病理特点。

网络流行语“hold住”的认知语用分析

随着社会的发展,依托网络得以发展的网络流行语逐步成为网络语言文化的一部分,该文从认知语用角度入手,利用模因顺应论分析了"hold住"作为网络流行语的形成机制,认为"hold住"的流行之所以能够被人们所接受,离不开社会的繁荣和网络的发展,以及人们审美观念的变更,文章最后对网络流行语"hold住"的流行进行了总结。

网络英汉融合词“Hold住”探析

网络英汉融合词"Hold住"时下相当流行,表义非常丰富,在原有单词"Hold"基础上扩展出许多新的意义。文章将结合语料对其语义进行穷尽性的分析,探析其内部结构及造句功能,从使用人群、语用效果、读音三个方面对其语用进行考察,结合语言接触理论探析该词的词源,预测其未来的发展趋势及对汉语的影响。

Available Agricultural Area by Utilization Categories and Ownership Structure of Holdings in the Republic of Serbia

The subject of research in this paper is the analysis and presentation of data on agricultural holdings, the structure of available and utilized area. The data and calculated indicators represent a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics of national agriculture, but they are also an internationally comparable database, based on key features of agriculture. The main goal of this paper is to determine and explain more comprehensively and in detail by using appropriate methods, and based on available data, the condition of utilized agricultural area (hereinafter: UAA) and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics by utilization categories and manner of its use;types of agricultural holdings and statistical regions and lower statistical units of data grouping. Implementation of such a defined basic research goal indicates necessity of more detailed and continuous study of the causes that led to the reduction of available agricultural area and especially its better and more important production categories of utilization and measures and activities to be taken to eliminate or reduce the causes of inadequate management of agricultural area in the coming period. The importance of this research arises from the fact that the results on utilized agricultural area can be used to adopt appropriate measures and undertake certain activities in land and overall agricultural and rural policy related to sustainable utilization, arrangement and protection of agricultural land and more balanced integrated development of rural areas, as well as to find better solutions in the field of utilization, ownership sector and conditions of agricultural area management.

以hold一词为例研究多义词意义的形成过程

本文以hold为例具体探讨了基本词hold的意义及短语意义是怎么样通过隐喻和转喻的手段形成的。

语言模因论视角下流行语“hold住”一词的形成和传播

针对"hold住"这一词语的形成、传播、流行现象,从模因论的概念和模因周期理论的角度分析这一现象的来源,探究强势模因"hold住"一词的复制、传播过程和这一语言模因在复制传播中的复制移植现象,解读社会语用实践催生"hold住"流行的原因,揭示语言发展的进化规律。

Hold-relax手法联合中药溻渍治疗肩袖损伤疗效观察

目的探讨保持-放松(Hold-relax)手法联合中药溻渍治疗肩袖损伤患者的临床疗效。方法选取石家庄市人民医院2016年4月—2017年12月收治的106例肩袖损伤患者为研究对象,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组53例。对照组给予常规手法、药物及物理治疗,观察组给予Hold-relax手法联合中药溻渍治疗。比较2组患者治疗前及治疗1周、4周、12周、1年后UCLA肩关节评分,治疗前及治疗12周后肩关节前屈、内旋、外旋活动度和疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)评分、功能独立性测量(FIM)量表中的自理能力评分,统计2组治疗12周后肩关节功能恢复优良率。结果观察组治疗1周、4周、12周、1年后UCLA评分中疼痛、功能、关节主动前屈、前屈曲力量、患者满意度评分均较本组治疗前明显升高(P均<0.05),且治疗4周、12周、1年后各项评分均明显高于对照组同期(P均<0.05)。对照组治疗1周、4周后疼痛、功能、主动前屈、前屈曲力量评分及治疗12周后疼痛、功能评分均较本组治疗前明显升高(P均<0.05),治疗1年后疼痛、功能、主动前屈、前屈曲力量评分与本组治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),治疗后各时间点患者满意度评分与本组治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。2组治疗12周后肩关节前屈、内旋、外旋活动度均较本组治疗前扩大(P均<0.05),且观察组均大于对照组(P均<0.05)。2组治疗12周后NRS评分均降低,FIM评分均升高,且观察组NRS评分低于对照组,FIM评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗12周后,观察组优良率为88.67%(47/53),对照组为77.36%(41/53),观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Hold-relax手法联合中药溻渍治疗可快速改善肩袖损伤患者肩关节功能和疼痛症状,临床疗效显著。

Effect of pyrolysis temperature and hold time on the characteristic parameters of adsorbent derived from sewage sludge

According to the Doehlert's matrix method, the adsorbent derived from sewage sludge was prepared through chemical activation under controlling the pyrolysis temperature and hold time. The characteristic parameters including the total yield, adsorption of methylene blue, adsorption of iodine, BET surface area, micro-pore volume are 35%—49%, 16.5—38 mg/g, 285—362 mg/g, 185—359 m2/g, and 0.112—0.224 m3/g, respectively. According to the experimental data, the multi-linear regression method was adopted to fit the relations between the characteristic parameters and influential factors. At final, through optimization method, the optimal adsorbent is obtained when using 62 min as hold time and 1105K as pyrolysis temperature. Under the conditions, the adsorbent was produced and compared the characteristic parameters with model forecast value, the coherence is satisfied.

“Hold住”的模因视域探析

针对网络新词"hold住"的一夜爆红的现象,从模因论视域探讨"hold住"的本源,复制和传播的方式及动因,以揭示新词发展传递的过程,为更好的促进语言的运用提供参考。

Effects of Calcining Temperature and Holding Time on the Synthesis of Aluminum Titanate

We aim in this research at synthesizing high-purity aluminium titanate with sludge from the aluminium profile factory by shock cooling method, and mainly discuss the effect of calcining reaction temperature and holding time on crystalline, microstructure and content of aluminum titanate materials to determine the preferred calcining temperature and holding time. XRD and SEM methods were utilized to characterize the crystalline and microstructure of each specimen, Rietveld Quantification software was used for the determination of different crystalline contents of specimens, and Philips plus software was applied to determine the cell parameters of aluminium titanate in different specimens. According to the experimental results, preferred calcining temperature is determined as 1400℃ and preferred holding time is 2 h, at which the grains of aluminum titanate grow completely and the purity of aluminum titanate is 97.2wt%.

Effect of holding pressure on density and cooling rate of cast Al-Si alloy during additive pressure casting

The cast Al-Si alloy was fabricated using the Additive Pressure Casting(APC)method.The effects of holding pressure from 50 to 400 k Pa on the density,cooling rate,and mechanical properties of the alloy,and the corresponding mechanism were discussed.The results indicate that the application of high holding pressure(300 k Pa)enhances the feeding ability of the alloy,leading to an increase of the density.Meanwhile,the cooling rate of the alloy is increased by 100%.In addition,the tensile testing results show that the increase of holding pressure from 50 to 300 k Pa improves the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy by 6.2%and 81.3%,respectively.However,excessive holding pressure(400 k Pa)might lower the density and cooling rate of the alloy due to the feeding channels being blocked.