Hollowing out of the Real Economy： Evidence from China＇s Listed FirmsI

The paper studies an often-observed phenomenon of diversification of manufacturing firms into real estate development in East Asian economies. Utilizing a sudden change in China＇s accounting standards that requires firms to disclose information about their real estate holdings for investment purpose （or investment property）, we examine both the impact of such diversification on firms＇ investment in their original business and the stock market response to such diversification. Our results confirm there exists underinvestment in original business （or hollowing out of the real economy） for firms diversifying into real estate, and that there is a lack of investor response to such diversification, in both short-rim and long-run. Our study calls for further research on the role of real estate development in the long-run competitiveness of developing economies.

Functional Outcomes of Adult Tibia Shaft Fractures Treated with Solid Intramedullary Nails versus Hollow Nails: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The management of fractures of the tibia shaft is an important aspect of orthopaedic care, and the selection of the surgical method for fixation can substantially impact patient outcomes. The current review aims to compare the outcomes of adult tibia fractures treated with solid nails to those treated with hollow nails. Methods: A search on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, using three keywords (Outcome, Tibia shaft fractures, Nail) was conducted in April 2023. Results were compiled and two independent reviewers screened and selected eligible articles After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were read to exclude ineligible studies. Full-text articles of the remaining papers were read to select eligible studies which were further critically appraised to ascertain their methodological quality. The data extracted from the selected papers were synthesized using a combination of pooling of results, tests of statistical difference (t-test and chi-square) and narrative synthesis methods. Results: A total of 2295 articles were obtained from the databases and citation searching. A total of 9 papers were identified as eligible and included in the review. Findings revealed that there is no statistical difference in the outcomes of tibia fractures treated with either solid or hollow nail groups such as duration of surgery (p = 0.541), rate of delayed and non-union (p = 0.342), and rate of surgical site infections (p = 0.395). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures with either solid or hollow nails have similar functional outcomes.

Gradient‑Layered MXene/Hollow Lignin Nanospheres Architecture Design for Flexible and Stretchable Supercapacitors

With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged.In this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable supercapacitors.By depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene lamella.Moreover,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of lignin.All these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the electrodes.In addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the electrodes.Flexible electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),respectively.Moreover,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release cycling.This study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.

Evolution of microstructure of aluminum alloy hollow shaft in cross wedge rolling without mandrel

During the process of cross wedge rolling of aluminum alloy hollow shaft, the evolution of its microstructure has an important influence on the mechanical properties of the rolled piece. In order to obtain the microstructure evolution law of aluminum alloy hollow shaft in cross wedge rolling without mandrel, a finite element model is constructed through the finite element software Deform-3D. The influences of rolling temperature, sectional shrinkage,spreading angle and forming angle on the average grain size of rolled piece are studied by numerical simulation of microstructure evolution. The cellular automata method reveals the inherent relationship between the process parameters and the evolution of the microstructure, and provides a reference for optimizing the rolling process parameters of aluminum alloy hollow shafts and improving the forming quality. The results show that the average grain size of the rolled piece increases with the increase of the rolling temperature, decreases with the increase of the sectional shrinkage,and decreases first and then increases with the increase of the spreading angle, and changes little with the increase of the forming angle.

Parametric Design Techniques Applied to Creative Hollow out Product Design with 3D Voronoi Patterns

The creation of hollow out art includes a variety of materials, techniques and categories, its content mostly emphasizes the ancient philosophy performance of the alternation of virtual and real, and Yin-Yang depends on the essence of Chinese culture deduction. If this feature is applied to product design, in addition to emphasizing functional orientation, this traditional arts integration with the new media, will give users a different visual inspire. This thesis is mainly in view of the importance of hollow out art in Chinese cultural heritage, and the 3D hollow out production craft has gradually lost. Therefore, the Delaunay triangle is constructed based on the Convex Hull interpolation algorithm, and the Voronoi Diagram feature is constructed based on the Divide and Conquer algorithm. And with Rhino modeling software as the main body, combined with the application of the parametric plug-in design program (GH), the 3D models of the parametric creative hollow pen holder and the parametric creative hollow lampshade were respectively completed. The traditional craftsmanship is integrated into the modern manufacturing process with innovative techniques, and the Chinese cultural spirit and beauty of nature are successfully connected.

About Thermophysical Properties of the Hollow Cathode

One of the problems specifying erosion of the cathode is to establish the conditions giving rise to a diffuse or contracted arc-cathode interaction independent of its type and construction. In various works transition from one interaction mode to another was related to the value of a critical current, a pressure range etc. A criterion related to a thermal state of the cathode has greater generality, since it essentially varies with the arc-cathode contacts. First of all it relates to emission cooling relationship with the other components of the cathode heat flux. It is established that in the contracted sport the emission cooling exceeds the radiation one by a factor of 50 to 100. For a diffuse contact the emission and radiation components of the cathode heat loss become comparable. A cathode thermal state is the effect of the arc confined head load. Under these conditions temperature in the arc-cathode contact area depends on the geometrical dimensions of the electrode. The effect of electrode thickness on temperature is indefinite and depends on the thermophysical properties of the electrode, i.e. thermal conductance and its surface blackness.

A vacuum nano-casting route to magnetite cores/mesoporous silica shell composites

Hollow mesoporous silica spheres with magnetite cores(HMSMC) have been fabricated by Vacuum Nano-casting Route. The amount of magnetite cores and saturation magnetization value can be easily adjusted by changing the concentration of iron nitrate solution used in the synthesis procedure. Furthermore, the as-prepared HMSMCs still maintain narrow mesopore distribution, high surface area and large pore volume after the hollow cores of hollow mesoporous silica spheres were filled with magnetite particles. Specially, when the saturation magnetization value of as-prepared HMSMCs reaches 22.0 emu/g, the surface area and pore volume of corresponding HMSMCs are 149 m^2/g and 0.19 cm^3/g, respectively, and the pore size is 2.30 nm. The corresponding samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, N_2 sorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating-sample magnetometer.

Non-Trivial Linkup of Both Compact-Neutron-Object and Outer-Empty-Space Metrics

In 2011, Chinese researcher Ni found the solution of the Oppenheimer-Volkoff problem for a stable configuration of stellar object with no internal source of energy. The Ni’s solution is the nonrotating hollow sphere having not only an outer, but an inner physical radius as well. The upper mass of the object is not constrained. In our paper, we contribute to the description of the solution. Specifically, we give the explicit description of metrics inside the object and attempt to link it with that in the corresponding outer Schwarzschild solution of Einstein field equations. This task appears to be non-trivial. We discuss the problem and suggest a way how to achieve the continuous linkup of both object-interior and outer-Schwarzschild metrics. Our suggestion implies an important fundamental consequence: there is no universal relativistic speed limit, but every compact object shapes the adjacent spacetime and this action results in the specific speed limit for the spacetime dominated by the object. Regardless our suggestion will definitively be proved or the successful linkup will also be achieved in else, still unknown way, the success in the linkup represents a constraint for the physical acceptability of the models of compact objects.

Compositional and Hollow Engineering of Silicon Carbide/Carbon Microspheres as High-Performance Microwave Absorbing Materials with Good Environmental Tolerance

Microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)characterized by high absorption efficiency and good environmental tolerance are highly desirable in practical applications.Both silicon carbide and carbon are considered as stable MAMs under some rigorous conditions,while their composites still fail to produce satisfactory microwave absorption performance regardless of the improvements as compared with the individuals.Herein,we have successfully implemented compositional and structural engineering to fabricate hollow Si C/C microspheres with controllable composition.The simultaneous modulation on dielectric properties and impedance matching can be easily achieved as the change in the composition of these composites.The formation of hollow structure not only favors lightweight feature,but also generates considerable contribution to microwave attenuation capacity.With the synergistic effect of composition and structure,the optimized SiC/C composite exhibits excellent performance,whose the strongest reflection loss intensity and broadest effective absorption reach-60.8 dB and 5.1 GHz,respectively,and its microwave absorption properties are actually superior to those of most SiC/C composites in previous studies.In addition,the stability tests of microwave absorption capacity after exposure to harsh conditions and Radar Cross Section simulation data demonstrate that hollow SiC/C microspheres from compositional and structural optimization have a bright prospect in practical applications.

N-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated N-TiO2/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube composite photocatalysts for antibiotic photodegradation and H2 production

Exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology regulation, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesize N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatalysts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal sample (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantly enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by elemental doping (P and N), the improved light-harvesting resulting from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal charge separation and transfer capability of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatically boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excellent electron conduction ability of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visible light is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectively, and its ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectively. The optimized performance benefits from excellent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possible degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study clarifies the mechanism of multiple modification strategies to synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential strategy for rationally designing novel photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.

Co/CoO heterojunction rich in oxygen vacancies introduced by O_(2) plasma embedded in mesoporous walls of carbon nanoboxes covered with carbon nanotubes for rechargeable zinc-air battery

Herein,Co/CoO heterojunction nanoparticles(NPs)rich in oxygen vacancies embedded in mesoporous walls of nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanoboxes coupled with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(P-Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT)are well designed through zeolite-imidazole framework(ZIF-67)carbonization,chemical vapor deposition,and O_(2) plasma treatment.As a result,the threedimensional NHCNBs coupled with NCNTs and unique heterojunction with rich oxygen vacancies reduce the charge transport resistance and accelerate the catalytic reaction rate of the P-Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT,and they display exceedingly good electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR,halfwave potential[EORR,1/2=0.855 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode])and oxygen evolution reaction(OER,overpotential(η_(OER,10)=377mV@10mA cm^(−2)),which exceeds that of the commercial Pt/C+RuO_(2) and most of the formerly reported electrocatalysts.Impressively,both the aqueous and flexible foldable all-solid-state rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)assembled with the P-Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT catalyst reveal a large maximum power density and outstanding long-term cycling stability.First-principles density functional theory calculations show that the formation of heterojunctions and oxygen vacancies enhances conductivity,reduces reaction energy barriers,and accelerates reaction kinetics rates.This work opens up a new avenue for the facile construction of highly active,structurally stable,and cost-effective bifunctional catalysts for ZABs.

Hyperbranched polymer hollow-fiber-composite membranes for pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures

The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is crucial in the petrochemical industry.Pervaporation is regarded as a promising approach for the separation of aromatic compounds from alkanes. Developing membrane materials with efficient separation performance is still the main task since the membrane should provide chemical stability, high permeation flux, and selectivity. In this study, the hyperbranched polymer(HBP) was deposited on the outer surface of a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane by a facile dip-coating method. The dip-coating rate, HBP concentration, and thermal cross-linking temperature were regulated to optimize the membrane structure.The obtained HBP/PVDF hollow-fiber-composite membrane had a good separation performance for aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures. For the 50%/50%(mass) toluene/n-heptane mixture, the permeation flux of optimized composite membranes could reach 1766 g·m^(-2)·h^(-1), with a separation factor of 4.1 at 60℃. Therefore, the HBP/PVDF hollow-fiber-composite membrane has great application prospects in the pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures.

Hollow Ni Mo-based nitride heterojunction with super-hydrophilic/aerophobic surface for efficient urea-assisted hydrogen production

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and urea oxidation reaction(UOR)are key reactions of the watercycling associated catalytic process/device.The design of catalysts with a super-hydrophilic/aerophobic structure and optimized electron distribution holds great promise.Here,we have designed a threedimensional(3D)hollow Ni/NiMoN hierarchical structure with arrayed-sheet surface based on a onepot hydrothermal route for efficient urea-assisted HER based on a simple hydrothermal process.The Ni/NiMoN catalyst exhibits super-hydrophilic/aerophobic properties with a small droplet contact angle of 6.07°and an underwater bubble contact angle of 155.7°,thus facilitating an escape of bubbles from the electrodes.Density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate the optimized electronic structure at the interface of Ni and NiMoN,which can promote the adsorption/desorption of reactants and intermediates.The virtues combining with a large specific surface area endow Ni/NiMoN with efficient catalytic activity of low potentials of 25 mV for HER and 1.33 V for UOR at10 mA cm^(-2).The coupled HER and UOR system demonstrates a low cell voltage of 1.42 V at 10 mA cm^(-2),which is approximately 209 mV lower than water electrolysis.

Research on thermal insulation materials properties under HTHP conditions for deep oil and gas reservoir rock ITP-Coring

Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.

High-strength,multifunctional and 3D printable mullite-based porous ceramics with a controllable shell-pore structure

The quest for lightweight and functional materials poses stringent requirements on mechanical performance of porous materials.However,the contradiction between high strength and elevated porosity of porous materials severely limits their application scenarios in emerging fields.Herein,high-strength multifunctional mullite-based porous ceramic monoliths were fabricated utilizing waste fly ash hollow microspheres(FAHMs)by the protein gelling technique.Owing to their unique shell-pore structure inspired by shell-protected biomaterials,the monoliths with porosity of 54.69%–70.02% exhibited a high compressive strength(32.3–42.9 MPa)which was 2–5 times that of mullite-based porous ceramics with similar density reported elsewhere.Moreover,their pore structure and properties could be tuned by regulation of the particle size and content of the FAHMs,and the resultant monoliths demonstrated superior integrated performances for multifunctional applications,such as broadband sound insulation,efficient thermal insulation,and high-temperature fire resistance(>1300℃).On this basis,mullite-based porous ceramic lattices(porosity 68.28%–84.79%)with a hierarchical porous structure were successfully assembled by direct ink writing(DIW),which exhibited significantly higher compressive strength(3.02–10.77 MPa)than most other ceramic lattices with comparable densities.This unique shell-pore structure can be extended to other porous materials,and our strategy paves a new way for cost-effective,scalable and green production of multifunctional materials with well-defined microstructure.

Plasma density enhancement in radio-frequency hollow electrode discharge

The plasma density enhancement outside hollow electrodes in capacitively coupled radio-frequency(RF) discharges is investigated by a two-dimensional(2D) particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision(PIC/MCC) model. Results show that plasma exists inside the cavity when the sheath inside the hollow electrode hole is fully collapsed, which is an essential condition for the plasma density enhancement outside hollow electrodes. In addition, the existence of the electron density peak at the orifice is generated via the hollow cathode effect(HCE), which plays an important role in the density enhancement. It is also found that the radial width of bulk plasma at the orifice affects the magnitude of the density enhancement, and narrow radial plasma bulk width at the orifice is not beneficial to obtain high-density plasma outside hollow electrodes.Higher electron density at the orifice, combined with larger radial plasma bulk width at the orifice,causes higher electron density outside hollow electrodes. The results also imply that the HCE strength inside the cavity cannot be determined by the magnitude of the electron density outside hollow electrodes.

Hollow cathode effect in radio frequency hollow electrode discharge in argon

Radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma source(RF-CCP)with a hollow electrode can increase the electron density through the hollow cathode effect(HCE),which offers a method to modify the spatial profiles of the plasma density.In this work,the variations of the HCE in one RF period are investigated by using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision(PIC/MCC)model.The results show that the sheath electric field,the sheath potential drop,the sheath thickness,the radial plasma bulk width,the electron energy distribution function(EEDF),and the average electron energy in the cavity vary in one RF period.During the hollow electrode sheath's expansion phase,the secondary electron heating and sheath oscillation heating in the cavity are gradually enhanced,and the frequency of the electron pendular motion in the cavity gradually increases,hence the HCE is gradually enhanced.However,during the hollow electrode sheath's collapse phase,the secondary electron heating is gradually attenuated.In addition,when interacting with the gradually collapsed hollow electrode sheaths,high-energy plasma bulk electrons in the cavity will lose some energy.Furthermore,the frequency of the electron pendular motion in the cavity gradually decreases.Therefore,during the hollow electrode sheath's collapse phase,the HCE is gradually attenuated.

Research on casing deformation prevention technology based on cementing slurry system optimization

The casing deformation prevention technology based on the optimization of cement slurry is proposed to reduce the casing deformation of shale oil and gas wells during hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, the fracture mechanism of hollow particles in cement sheath was firstly analyzed by discrete element method, and the effect of hollow particles in cement on casing deformation was investigated by laboratory experiment method. Finally, field test was carried out to verify the improvement effect of the casing deformation based on cement slurry modification. The results show that the formation displacement can be absorbed effectively by hollow particles inside the cement transferring the excessive deformation away from casing. The particles in the uncemented state provide deformation space during formation slipping. The casing with diameter of 139.7 mm could be passed through by bridge plug with the diameter of 99 mm when the mass ratio of particle/cement reaches 1:4. According to the field test feedback, the method based on optimization of cement slurry can effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation, and the recommended range of hollow microbeads content in the cement slurry is between 15% and 25%.

ZrC-SiC closed-cell ceramics with low thermal conductivity:Exploiting unique spherical closed-cell structure through tape casting and CVI techniques

Porous ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are recognized as novel candidates for fulfilling the requirements of thermal protection systems of hypersonic aircrafts,as they possess excellent high-temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity.Currently,the reported porous UHTCs predominantly exhibit an open pore structure.By contrast,closed-cell UHTCs,formed by employing ceramic hollow microspheres(HMs)as pore-forming agents,hold great potential for achieving superior thermal insulation performance.Unfortunately,the implementation of this strategy has been hindered by the scarcity of raw materials and preparation techniques.In this paper,ZrC-SiC closed-cell ceramics were first successfully prepared through a combination of tape casting and chemical vapor infiltration(CVI)techniques,utilizing the self-developed ZrC HMs as the primary raw material.The morphology,microstructure,and thermal insulation properties of the obtained ZrC-SiC closed-cell ceramics were investigated.The results indicate that when the content of ZrC HMs is 30 vol.%,the density of the prepared porous ceramics is 2.09 g cm^(-3),with a closed porosity of 14.05%and a thermal conductivity of 1.69 W(m K)^(-1).The results clearly prove that the CVI process can successfully convert ZrC HMs into closed pore structures within porous ceramics.The introduction of ZrC HMs suppresses the contribution of free electrons to thermal conductivity and brings about a large number of solid-gas interfaces,which increases the interfacial thermal resistance and significantly reduces the phonon thermal conductivity.Consequently,the as-prepared ZrC-SiC closed-cell ceramics show excellent thermal insulation properties.This study provides a new idea and method for the development of porous UHTCs and offers a more reliable material choice for thermal protection systems.

Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe/FeS Tri-Heterojunction Node Spawning N-Carbon Nanotube Scaffold Structure for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery

The Fe-based anode of sodium-ion batteries attracts much attention due to the abundant source,low-cost,and high specific capacity.However,the low electron and ion transfer rate,poor structural stability,and shuttle effect of NaS_(2)intermediate restrain its further development.Herein,the Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe/FeS tri-heterojunction node spawned N-carbon nanotube scaffold structure(FHNCS)was designed using the modified MIL-88B(Fe)as a template followed by catalytic growth and sulfidation process.During catalytic growth process,the reduced Fe monomers catalyze the growth of N-doped carbon nanotubes to connect the Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe/FeS tri-heterojunction node,forming a 3D scaffold structure.Wherein the N-doped carbon promotes the transfer of electrons between Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe/FeS particles,and the tri-heterojunction facilitates the diffusion of electrons at the interface,to organize a 3D conductive network.The unique scaffold structure provides more active sites and shortens the Na^(+)diffusion path.Meanwhile,the structure exhibits excellent mechanical stability to alleviate the volume expansion during circulation.Furthermore,the Fe in Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe heterojunction can adjust the dband center of Fe in Fe_(3)O_(4)to enhance the adsorption between Fe_(3)O_(4)and Na2S intermediate,which restrains the shuttle effect.Therefore,the FHNCS demonstrates a high specific capacity of 436 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),84.7%and 73.4%of the initial capacities are maintained after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1)and 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).We believe that this strategy gives an inspiration for constructing Fe-based anode with excellent rate capability and cycling stability.