Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography

Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.

Tailoring electron vortex beams with customizable intensity patterns by electron diffraction holography

An electron vortex beam(EVB) carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM) plays a key role in a series of fundamental scientific researches, such as chiral energy-loss spectroscopy and magnetic dichroism spectroscopy. So far, almost all the experimentally created EVBs manifest isotropic doughnut intensity patterns. Here, based on the correlation between local divergence angle of electron beam and phase gradient along azimuthal direction, we show that free electrons can be tailored to EVBs with customizable intensity patterns independent of the carried OAM. As proof-of-concept, by using computer generated hologram and designing phase masks to shape the incident free electrons in the transmission electron microscope, three structured EVBs carrying identical OAM are tailored to exhibit completely different intensity patterns. Furthermore, through the modal decomposition, we quantitatively investigate their OAM spectral distributions and reveal that structured EVBs present a superposition of a series of different eigenstates induced by the locally varied geometries. These results not only generalize the concept of EVB, but also demonstrate an extra highly controllable degree of freedom for electron beam manipulation in addition to OAM.

A holographic optical communication system based on RSA algorithm and quaternion function

A facile encryption way was successfully applied to the holographic optical encryption system with high speed,multidimensionality,and high capacity,which provided a better security solution for underwater communication.The reconstructed optical security system for information transmission was based on wavelengthλand focal length f that were keys to encryption and decryption.To finish the secure data transmission(λ,f)between sender and receiver,an extended Rivest-Shamir-Adleman(ERSA)algorithm for the encryption was achieved based on three-dimension quaternion function.Therein,the Pollard’s rho method was used for the evaluation and comparison of RSA and ERSA algorithms.The results demonstrate that the message encrypted by the ERSA algorithm has better security than that by RSA algorithm in the face of unpredictability and complexity of information transmission on the unsecure acoustic channel.

4K-DMDNet:diffraction model-driven network for 4K computer-generated holography

Deep learning offers a novel opportunity to achieve both high-quality and high-speed computer-generated holography(CGH).Current data-driven deep learning algorithms face the challenge that the labeled training datasets limit the training performance and generalization.The model-driven deep learning introduces the diffraction model into the neural network.It eliminates the need for the labeled training dataset and has been extensively applied to hologram generation.However,the existing model-driven deep learning algorithms face the problem of insufficient constraints.In this study,we propose a model-driven neural network capable of high-fidelity 4K computer-generated hologram generation,called 4K Diffraction Model-driven Network(4K-DMDNet).The constraint of the reconstructed images in the frequency domain is strengthened.And a network structure that combines the residual method and sub-pixel convolution method is built,which effectively enhances the fitting ability of the network for inverse problems.The generalization of the 4K-DMDNet is demonstrated with binary,grayscale and 3D images.High-quality full-color optical reconstructions of the 4K holograms have been achieved at the wavelengths of 450 nm,520 nm,and 638 nm.

Time-sequential color code division multiplexing holographic display with metasurface

Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation.In this study,we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing(CDM)to realize dynamic manipulation.Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anticracks.A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density,and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation.Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage,optical encryption,multiwavelengthversatile diffractive optical elements,and stimulated emission depletion microscopy.

Direct field-to-pattern monolithic design of holographic metasurface via residual encoderdecoder convolutional neural network

Complex-amplitude holographic metasurfaces(CAHMs)with the flexibility in modulating phase and amplitude profiles have been used to manipulate the propagation of wavefront with an unprecedented level,leading to higher image-reconstruction quality compared with their natural counterparts.However,prevailing design methods of CAHMs are based on Huygens-Fresnel theory,meta-atom optimization,numerical simulation and experimental verification,which results in a consumption of computing resources.Here,we applied residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network to directly map the electric field distributions and input images for monolithic metasurface design.A pretrained network is firstly trained by the electric field distributions calculated by diffraction theory,which is subsequently migrated as transfer learning framework to map the simulated electric field distributions and input images.The training results show that the normalized mean pixel error is about 3%on dataset.As verification,the metasurface prototypes are fabricated,simulated and measured.The reconstructed electric field of reverse-engineered metasurface exhibits high similarity to the target electric field,which demonstrates the effectiveness of our design.Encouragingly,this work provides a monolithic field-to-pattern design method for CAHMs,which paves a new route for the direct reconstruction of metasurfaces.

跨学科主题学习:认知偏差、应然指向与建构路向

自《义务教育课程方案(2022年版)》提出跨学科主题学习以来,跨学科主题学习引起了教育专家及一线教师的广泛关注。基于全息教学理念,从学习目标、课堂运行、关系结构三方面分析目前中小学教师对跨学科主题学习存在的认知偏差,明确跨学科主题学习的应然指向,即学习目标体现“完整儿童”发展特征,学习过程以“主动发现”为主线,学习内容整合对应人类社会结构;提出探索跨学科主题学习的建构路向,即建构以“目标—评价”为导向的逆向设计路径、以“问题—发现”为系统的探究过程、“大概念—联结”的多学科知识网络。

基于数字全息的模糊图像复原技术研究

采用数字全息方法研究物体经散射介质(毛玻璃)成像复原机理。首先,在菲涅尔离轴数字全息原理的基础上,建立了数字全息记录与再现的数学模型。然后,设计和搭建了全息散射成像系统,建立了毛玻璃的数学模型,并提出一种消除毛玻璃散斑噪声的算法,利用菲涅耳再现算法对实验得到的数字全息图进行再现。最后,用频谱滤波法对全息图再处理后进行再现。实验结果验证了理论算法和实验方法的正确性,为今后物体经过复杂介质的图像复原的深入研究提供了帮助。

全媒体时代“大思政课”建构的审视与优化

“大思政课”是新时代落实立德树人根本任务的新型课程教育理念。伴随全媒体技术同思想政治教育的融合发展,“大思政课”在教育内容、载体、主体、环境上凸显出“全程、全息、全员、全效”(即“四全”)的崭新时代特征。这不仅给传统思政课教育教学提出了现实挑战,同时也为当前思政课教育教学的优化发展明确了前进方向。全媒体语境下,善用“大思政课”,不仅要把握媒体深度融合的时代背景,明确“大思政课”建构的“四全”特征,还要从凝聚价值共识、加快媒体融合、提升媒介素养、拓展传播格局等路径入手,推动全媒体技术与思政课教育教学深度融合,使“大思政课”无处不在、无时不有,充分发挥思政课在立德树人、铸魂育人中的关键作用。

基于声全息法和单目视觉技术的柴油机噪声可视化实现

柴油机属于多噪声耦合动力装置,其噪声的识别和控制是内燃机研究领域的难点。为实现柴油机噪声的可视化,本研究结合了近场声全息法与单目视觉技术,开发了基于Labview的声像匹配模块,测试系统人机界面友好,并通过已知声源试验验证了声像匹配模块的正确性。将验证后的测试系统应用于高压共轨柴油机对主/次推力侧声源进行识别,结果表明:在大气压力为80kPa、转速为1800r/min的最大扭矩工况下,主推力侧出现较大辐射噪声的位置为中冷器进气管、曲轴定时齿形带轮、排气管、脚架和涡轮增压器等;次推力侧辐射噪声峰值出现在起动机位置。

基于双折射晶体透镜的自干涉全息成像系统

该文介绍了采用α–BBO双折射晶体透镜进行分光和光程差补偿方法,以及使用偏振相机进行单次采集的自干涉全息成像方法。该方法不需要使用额外器件补偿共轴干涉光路的光程差,适用于非相干白光照明情况下日常物体的全息图采集与图像重建。该文推导了再现距离与放大率等重要参数,并在此基础上,搭建了单发成像系统,还进行了实验验证。实验通过单次曝光采集了LED灯组的四幅不同偏振态全息图,并用四步相移法得到复振幅全息图,最后通过图像重建算法反演计算获得准确的再现图像。实验验证了基于α–BBO双折射晶体透镜的单次曝光自干涉全息成像方法的三维成像能力。

耳部铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆对脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者的影响

目的观察基于全息论的耳部铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆对脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者睡眠质量和日常生活的影响。方法选取2022年9月—2023年4月南宁市某三级甲等中西医结合医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊82例符合纳入条件的脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为观察组和对照组,每组41例。对照组患者实施耳鸣门诊常规护理的同时予两耳交替耳穴压豆,每周1次,连续4周;观察组在对照组措施的基础上行基于全息论的双侧耳部铜砭刮痧,每周1次,连续4周。于干预前、干预结束时和干预结束后4周采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评估患者睡眠质量,采用耳鸣致残量表(THI)评估耳鸣对患者日常生活的影响。结果两组各有39例患者完成研究。两组患者干预前、干预结束时、干预结束后4周PSQI的总分有逐渐降低的趋势,时间之间差异有统计学意义(P时间<0.05);干预结束时、干预结束后4周PSQI总分观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P组间<0.05);随观察时间延长,组间差异逐渐增大,组间随时间变化的差异有统计学意义(P交互<0.05)。两组患者干预前、干预结束时、干预结束后4周THI总分有逐渐降低的趋势,时间之间差异有统计学意义(P时间<0.05),但THI总分组间效应及交互效应无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预结束后4周,观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于全息论的耳部铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆的方法所需用物简单、绿色安全,可改善脾胃虚弱型耳鸣患者的睡眠质量,并减轻耳鸣对患者日常生活的影响。

基于小波变换的全息图压缩编码比较研究

在全息三维显示及全息视频应用中,减少全息图的信息量、满足通信带宽的要求是一项重要的研究工作。使用小波阈值和量化的方法有损压缩全息图,对比分析使用不同小波基阈值对全息图再现像质量和全息图压缩比的影响。研究结果表明,对离轴数字全息图小波阈值有损压缩后,Haar和db5小波基得到的再现像质量最高,其峰值信噪比(PSNR)达到了26.38 dB,使用sym2和db2小波得到的压缩比最高,达到了6.68。相息图小波阈值有损压缩后,Haar和Daubechies小波得到的再现像质量最高,其PSNR达到了32.32 dB,使用Biorthogonal小波得到的压缩比最高,达到了4.47。研究结果可为如何有效使用小波变换实现全息图的压缩提供参考。

基于GPU和角正交投影视图的多视角投影全息图

针对多视角投影全息图生成速度慢的问题,提出一种基于计算机图形处理单元(graphics processing unit,GPU)的多视角投影计算全息图合成方法.获取多个角正交投影视图,充分利用GPU强大的并行计算能力,同时计算多幅投影视图对全息图的作用,即在计算过程中同时将沿着投影方向移位后的一系列角正交投影视图乘以其相应的常数相位因子.其中,每个投影图像的投影角决定了其移位的距离和常数相位因子.将所有并行计算结果累加,可以得到一个包含物体三维信息的二维复矩阵,即菲涅尔全息图.相较于使用计算机中央处理器(central processing unit,CPU)进行计算,本方法显著提升了计算速度,将计算效率提高了30~40倍,为多视角投影全息图的高效生成提供一种可行途径.

数字全息与定量相位成像:进展与展望(特邀)

全息术的提出为光波场的定量分析提供了一个开创性的技术方案。经过70余年的发展,基于全息术的计算成像已成为光场定量测量的重要工具,它的出现为物理学、生物学和材料科学领域提供了新的观测维度,搭建了光学成像和光散射领域的桥梁,突破了传统光学成像系统与图像采集设备的物理限制,在疾病的病理研究和材料的表征中起着至关重要的作用。本文从信号分析的角度出发,将全息的记录与重建过程看作是复数域与实数域之间的转换,讨论全息重建的数学原理与物理实现过程,并以生物医学领域为应用导引,总结了全息成像的新挑战和机遇。

基于可调剪切干涉曝光方法的大口径液晶偏振光栅制备

为了解决传统偏振全息干涉方法受限于过长的光路难以制备长周期的大口径液晶偏振光栅的问题,提出了基于液晶偏振光栅模板的可调剪切干涉曝光方法,并通过理论分析了制备偏振光栅的周期随模板方位角及沿光轴轴向位置的变化。利用小口径高效液晶偏振光栅作为模板搭建可调剪切干涉曝光光路,并基于此制备了数十微米周期的200 mm口径液晶偏振光栅,平均衍射效率达到99%以上,平均周期约为59.86μm,周期分布不均匀性约为0.07%。实验结果表明,调剪切干涉曝光方法能够制备大口径的长周期偏振光栅,周期和效率分布均匀,还具备周期易于调节、结构紧凑和抗振动干扰强等优势。

大型射电望远镜主反射面调整方法研究

随着毫米波天文学和空间通信的重要性日益提高,对天线性能提出了越来越高的要求,而天线性能往往受到其反射器表面精度的限制.微波全息技术是一种快速有效的检测反射面天线表面轮廓的测量技术.通过微波全息测量得到天线口径场,计算天马65m射电望远镜反射面与理想抛物面的偏差.天马65m射电望远镜的主反射面板是放射状的,有14圈.面板的每个角都固定在面板下方促动器的螺栓上进行上下移动,且相邻面板交点处的拐角共用一个促动器.采用平面拟合的方法可以计算各块面板拐角处的调整值,但是同一个促动器会得到4个不同的调整量.通过平面拟合,同时以天线照明函数为权重的平差计算方法得到相邻面板拐角的一个平差值,即天马65m射电望远镜1104个促动器的最佳调整值.通过多次调整和新算法的应用,天马65m射电望远镜反射面的面形精度逐渐提高到了0.24mm.

数字全息显微中相位像差校正技术综述

数字全息显微技术是数字全息技术与显微技术的结合,兼备两种技术的优点,为微纳领域的定量三维测量提供了一种无损、无标记、准确和近实时的测量手段。然而,由于元件缺陷和失调以及环境扰动等原因,会在数字全息显微测量结果中额外引入相位像差。为了获得准确的定量相位测量结果,必须对像差成因和主要成分进行分析,然后补偿和校正像差。这篇综述介绍了数字全息显微成像测量中主要的像差来源和影响,基于实现的方式对现有的像差校正方法进行了综述,并展望了未来像差校正领域的发展方向,为从事数字全息检测研究的研究者提供参考。

并行相移同轴数字全息偏振成像方法

为了研究并行相移同轴数字全息系统中偏振态传输的问题,提出考虑偏振的并行相移同轴数字全息系统的修正模型,并依据此模型提出偏振成像方法。首先,介绍了理想情况下并行相移同轴数字全息的原理,然后,介绍了考虑偏振的并行相移同轴数字全息修正模型,最后,基于此模型提出了实现偏振成像的方法。实验结果验证了模型的可行性,通过这种方法可以得到外表信息,成像分辨率可达到14μm。该方法扩充了数字全息系统的功能,通过该系统可以对物体的偏振态进行成像。

治疗超声系统中换能器声学性能的声全息法评估

换能器的聚焦特性等声学性能是治疗超声系统的重要参数之一,在出厂前和日常维护中须精确测量。目前常用的水听器测量法结果准确,但受声压幅度及测量效率的限制,高功率量程的声功率计造价较高;而基于声全息的表面振动模式测量法可作为高声压下水听器和声功率计测量法的补充,测量小声压平面并对高幅度声压焦域进行重建。为评估声全息法的准确性,文章研究了在小声压下使用基于声全息的表面振动模式测量法对声场进行测量和重建,分析该方法与水听器测量结果之间的功率和声压误差,以及影响误差的重要参数。结果表明,基于声全息的表面振动模式测量法可重建得到与水听器直接测量相近的结果,有望对高声压下工作的换能器的声场特性进行评估。