Withdrawal Intention of Farmers from Vacant Rural Homesteads and Its Influencing Mechanism in Northeast China: A Case Study of Jilin Province

The effective use of land in Northeast China is of great significance for ensuring national food security and regional rural revitalization.In this study,based on the survey data collected from Jilin Province,Northeast China,we analyzed the vacancy rates of rural homesteads in suburban,outer suburban,and remote villages,as well as the withdrawal intention of rural-settled farmers,urbansettled farmers,and farmers with urban and rural dual residency from vacant homesteads.From the perspective of farmers’perceptions,this study constructed a theoretical framework of the influence mechanism of their withdrawal intention and analyzed such mechanism by constructing a structural equation model.The results indicated that:1)rural homestead vacancy rates increased with distance from the village to the city.2)rural-settled farmers showed a low withdrawal intention for vacant rural homesteads,followed by urban and rural dual-residence farmers,and urban-settled farmers showed the highest withdrawal intention.3)the relative importance of the factors influencing withdrawal intention is in the following order:policy awareness>interest perception>living environment perception>family characteristics.Finally,this study discussed the reformation of the homestead system and rural homestead transition in Northeast China,which can provide policy support to increase the potential of cultivated land and promote sustainable rural development and urban-rural coordination.

Economic dependence of rural people on homestead forestry in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Homestead forests contribute substantially to the rural econ- omy of Bangladesh. Rural people depend on trees and plants for their energy usage, housing, food and other forms of subsistence livelihood. In order to identify the potential role of forests on homestead dwellers, an empirical field investigation was conducted in the four Upazilas of My- mensingh district of Bangladesh. It was found that land holdings of the respondents within the four sites are the highest in Mymensingh. The study made an important observation that among all homestead vegeta- tion between 5-6 years old, tree species are generally preferred over plants. This is perhaps due to the efforts of the social forestry extension service to demonstrate that planting trees is an important long-term in- vestment. In all four Upazilas, there was a significant correlation between household annual income and homestead forestry, agriculture and fisher- ies practice, suggesting that higher income families tend to have larger holdings of homesteads, farms and pond areas. Three Upazilas displayed a strong positive relationship （nearly 45%） between homestead forest areas and annual family income; however, the Fulbaria Upazila showed a very poor relationship （0.2%） in this regard. The results of this study suggest that homestead forests play a positive role in the rural economy, in addition to helping mitigate the increasing problem of deforestation in Bangladesh.

A Probe into Reform of Rural Homestead Acquisition System

Using the methods of literature research,normative analysis,and empirical analysis,this study is intended to analyze the acquisition system of homestead in rural area of China.By adopting questionnaire survey and face-to-face interview,this study explores the problems of current homestead acquisition system and the dilemma of homestead management.The results indicate that homestead acquisition reform is the key aspect to the homestead management system reform.A new homestead acquisition system,which includes primitive acquisition,inheritance acquisition,and supporting system,is suggested in this study.The findings of this study will provide important policy implications for rural homestead system reform.The new homestead acquisition system could guarantee the farmers'property right and help improve social justice and rational utilization of nature resources.

Development and Utilization of Rural Idle Homesteads in the Context of Rural Revitalization——A Case Study of Leisure Agriculture

The existence of a large number of idle homesteads in rural areas not only causes waste of land resources,but also injures farmers' property rights and hinders the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. The emergence and vigorous development of rural leisure agriculture provides a new way of utilization and method for the development and utilization of rural homesteads. From the perspective of leisure agriculture,this paper analyzed the characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of the overall development model of rural idle homestead,farmstay model and characteristic industry development model,and discussed the actual case to enrich the research on the development and utilization of idle homestead. It pointed out that there are problems such as insufficient tourism resources and single management content,lack of legal basis for revitalizing the homestead,lagging reform of rural land property rights system,and difficulty in expanding the space for leisure tourism development in the process of developing rural idle homestead. It is recommended to provide reference for the effective improvement of the efficiency of idle homestead utilization,increase farmers' income,and promote the rural revitalization strategy.

Study on Construction of Database for Confirmation of Rural Homestead Right

Confirmation of homestead right is helpful for planning of rural construction land and comprehensive development of new socialist countryside construction. At present,China is carrying out confirmation of rural homestead right on a large scale. Theoretical analysis on construction of database for confirmation of rural homestead right is of great significance for promoting confirmation of rural homestead right. Using the Mapgis urban cadastral management system database,this paper studied the process of creating database for conformation of rural homestead right,and came up with recommendations for update and maintenance of the database.

Study on Proper Use of Rural Homestead in Anhui Province

On the basis of analyzing current situations and problems in conserving and intensive use of rural homestead in Anhui Province,this paper came up with corresponding countermeasures and recommendations,to provide certain reference for promoting proper use of rural homestead,realize sustainable use of land,and promoting beautiful countryside construction of Anhui Province.

Practice and Thinking of Rural Homestead System Reform in Anhui Province

Rural homestead system reform is an important manner of saving and intensive use of rural land in Anhui Province and an important means of impelling new urbanization development in Anhui Province. In the analysis process of urbanization development status quo and trend in Anhui Province,combining the characteristics and existing problems of rural homestead system reform,implementation schedule and experience of rural homestead system reform in Anhui Province are summarized,and the influence factors of rural homestead system reform in Anhui Province are pointed out. By constructing five mechanisms: planning,withdrawing,transfer,management platform and public participation,it could provide the thought and direction for rural homestead system reform in Anhui Province.

Farmers'Willingness to Withdraw from Rural Homesteads

In order to grasp the relationship between farmers'willingness and behavior to withdraw from rural homesteads,based on the theory of planned behavior,a survey was conducted in Jizhou District,Tianjin using convenience sampling method.A total of 443 valid questionnaires were collected and they were analyzed by SPSS.The results are as follows.(i)The willingness of farmers to withdraw from rural homesteads is affected by pre-cognitive factors such as behavioral attitude,subject norm and perceived behavior control.(ii)Among the benefits that can be brought by the withdrawal of homesteads,farmers value the improvement of the housing environment the most.(iii)Family members'view and relatives and neighbors'withdrawing from homesteads also exerts greater pressure on farmers.(iv)Farmers generally lack trust in the village committees or government departments'claims.(v)The cost of relocation also restricts the perceived behavior control of farmers'homesteads withdrawing.Based on above result,the following suggestions are made:strengthening policy publicity,raising farmers'awareness of policies related to the withdrawal of homesteads,fully respecting farmers'wishes,promoting the withdrawal of rural homesteads in an orderly manner,expanding the scope of compensation for withdrawal of rural homesteads,and enriching compensation methods.

ARTICLE Research on the Leading Value Drive of Rural Homestead Transfer under Rural Revitalization--Based on the Evidences of China

With the development of urban-rural integration in China,the functional value of homestead bases has evolved from a single residential security value to a multiple composite values,and the property income of homestead bases has gradually become the value driver of transfer and the intrinsic demand of farm households.This paper takes Baitafan of Jinzhai County,Chongqing City,and Xiaofang Yu Village of Ji County as examples for in-depth discussion,and finds that the dominant value drivers of home base transfer mainly include three kinds:capitalization income,commercialization income,and non-farm employment income.The study concludes that it is important to give full play to the resource endowment effect and identify the dominant value of home base transfer according to local conditions to promote the standardized home base transfer and implement the rural revitalization strategy.

宅基地“三权分置”助力乡村振兴的作用方向与机制完善——基于三个改革试点典型实践的对比分析

宅基地“三权分置”是农村宅基地制度改革的重要内容,是乡村振兴的重要抓手。宅基地“三权分置”助力乡村振兴具有特定的作用方向,理论上可通过加速农村产业发展、提升农村居住环境、促进城乡文化交流、优化乡村治理结构、增加农民财产收入等途径发挥推动作用,实践上改革试点地区已探索出诸多特色路径模式。基于对上海松江区、安徽金寨县、广西北流市三地典型实践的对比分析发现,宅基地“三权分置”助力乡村振兴既与制度初衷和目标追求精准匹配,也存在作用发挥不充分的离散困境。为此,建议从联动设计相关配套政策、建立分级联动工作机制、相关职能部门协助好服务保障、搞好宣传咨询与跟进引导服务等方面完善相关机制,从而更好地提升宅基地“三权分置”助力乡村振兴的作用效果。

农户社会资本与宅基地退出意愿——基于政府规制的调节效应分析

基于江西省余江区545份农户调研数据,采用二元Logit模型进行实证检验,探究社会资本对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响机理。结果表明:社会资本、社会网络、社会规范、社会参与、社会信任、社会声望等均显著提高农户宅基地退出意愿,受教育程度、政治面貌、非农收入比例、家庭人口数量均显著影响农户宅基地退出意愿;异质性分析发现,近郊型村庄和远郊型村庄促进农户的宅基地退出意愿,而边远型村庄显著抑制农户宅基地退出意愿,平原、山地、丘陵地形均对农户宅基地退出意愿产生正向影响,丘陵地形作用最为显著;政府规制中激励型政府规制和约束型政府规制均在社会资本与农户宅基地退出意愿过程中发挥正向调节作用。基于此,建议积极培育社会资本,充分利用农户社会网络加大政府规制政策的宣传力度,制定差异化的退出政策,多措并举共同提升农户宅基地退出意愿。

农村宅基地制度改革的现实需求、主要困境与应对策略

基于江西省农村宅基地制度改革实践经验,采用演绎归纳法分析农村宅基地制度改革的现实需求和面临的主要困境,并提出应对策略,为稳慎推进农村宅基地制度改革、促进乡村振兴提供实践参考。结果表明:1)农村宅基地制度改革有助于策应“三产融合”发展用地保障、农村人居环境改善、新时代文明乡风建设、农村社会治理提升等多维现实需求。2)改革面临村庄差异难以形成可推广的统一模式,村集体自组织能力偏弱使得改革内生动力形成难,政策稳定性不足导致宅基地历史问题处置难,退出宅基地再次利用优势不足使得闲置宅基地盘活难等现实困境。据此,深化农村宅基地制度改革,应坚持需求导向、系统思维、农民主体地位,以及先立后破的原则,对待历史遗留问题保持历史耐心,充分发挥村民的主人翁精神,把农村宅基地制度改革与乡村振兴战略融合,因村施策精准推进。

基于开发权的宅基地用途管制体系建构

“三权分置”是显化宅基地财产价值的重大制度改革。本文从开发权的视角,厘清宅基地开发权的法理依据,并在分析我国宅基地用途管制发展历程的基础上,发现其管制模式存在以下问题:一是标准化的宅基地开发权初始配置尚未建立;二是宅基地开发权的管制规则亟待优化;三是宅基地开发权市场尚未建立;四是宅基地开发权转移制度尚未形成。由此提出了以构建标准化的宅基地开发权初始配置、制定适度的宅基地用途管制规则、建立宅基地开发权市场、建构宅基地开发权转移体系为核心的宅基地用途管制体系。

风险认知、生计资本与农户宅基地退出意愿研究——以兰州市八里镇移民安置区农户为例

农户自愿有偿退出宅基地对深化农村改革影响深远。研究风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,以及生计资本在风险认知影响农户宅基地退出意愿中的调节作用,引导农户自愿有偿退出宅基地,提高农村土地资源利用效率,对促进城乡融合发展、推动乡村振兴战略实施具有重要现实意义。本研究基于兰州市八里镇移民安置区农户调研数据,利用二元Logit模型和调节效应模型,理论分析并实证检验了风险认知与生计资本对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,进而分析生计资本在其中发挥的调节作用。研究结果表明,农户在宅基地退出决策中具有显著的规避风险的意识,农户在宅基地退出中产生的风险认知对退出意愿有负向作用,而生计资本则对农户宅基地退出意愿有正向作用;此外,生计资本还可以缓解农户宅基地退出意愿中的风险认知。基于此,加快推进农户宅基地自愿有偿退出,应完善农户宅基地退出后的各项保障政策、引导农户树立正确科学的风险意识以及构建差别化的宅基地退出机制。

论审核批准对宅基地强制收回制度的体系构造——兼论《土地管理法》第66条第1款的适用

宅基地强制收回直接关乎着宅基地有偿退出的范围,是新一轮深化宅基地改革的关键性内容。而受制于收回效力认定的不完备性,还应当以对此具有实质影响的审核批准作为类型化的区分标准。其中,作为构成性事实的审核批准,与宅基地收回关系的形成和变更直接相关,能够产生消灭宅基地使用权的法律效力;作为确认性事实的审核批准,则仅确认宅基地使用权是否已经消灭,而不决定或直接影响宅基地使用权的变动。基于此,两类不同的审核批准构成了宅基地强制收回制度的基本类型,从而实现了该制度的体系化构造。

农村宅基地制度改革后农民福利变化研究--基于义乌试点地区的调查

基于阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力理论,采用模糊数学综合评价方法构建模糊函数,对浙江省义乌农村宅基地制度改革后的农民福利变化进行评价。评价结果表明,农民福利总模糊综合指数为0.568,农民经济状况模糊综合指数为0.542,居住水平为0.589,社区环境为0.632,社会保障为0.527,政治参与为0.570。研究结果显示,宅基地制度改革后农民福利水平总体得到提升;宅基地制度改革改善了农民的社区环境和居住条件,但并没有显著改善农民的家庭经济状况和社会保障状况;宅基地制度改革降低了农民从事农业活动的收入,也降低了农民对农村医疗保险的获得感。政策含义为,宅基地制度改革须坚持“农民生活质量不下降”“先立后破”的原则;改革推进的着力点分别是促进非农就业,完善社会保障和丰富社区建设,通过着力点的建设提高农民收入,提升农民获得感、幸福感和安全感,从而全方位提升农民福利水平。

土地政策松绑与县域新型城镇化——来自农村宅基地改革的经验证据

以县域为重要载体的新型城镇化是实现中国式现代化的必由之路,但随着农村剩余劳动力的不断外流,土地粗放利用、宅基地闲置甚至抛荒问题日益凸显。宅基地改革是促进土地要素与新型城镇化协调发展的重要举措,基于宅基地改革试点政策,运用多期双重差分法构造准自然实验,检验农村宅基地改革能否促进县域新型城镇化。研究发现:农村宅基地改革可以显著提升县域新型城镇化水平。政策路径识别发现,农村宅基地改革从非农就业、产业结构升级和激发市场潜能三方面提升县域新型城镇化水平。异质性研究表明,行政区划上,农村宅基地制度改革对于县、县级市和市辖区的新型城镇化水平提升能力呈现递增趋势;地区差异上,农村宅基地制度改革的政策效应在东部、中部地区县域得到有效发挥,对西部地区县域新型城镇化水平提升效果有限。通过土地政策改革推进以县域为载体的新型城镇化提供了经验证据,同时也从经验上就如何稳慎推进农村宅基地改革试点提供政策启示。

海南省宅基地“三权”分置试点方案之比较研究

全国农村宅基地制度改革试点工作正在推进,海南结合本省情况对宅基地“三权”分置开展试点探索。三亚市试点探索了农村集体经济组织在宅基地退出、收回和整治基础上,为第三方设立宅基地经营权的“两权”分置模式,且允许设立物权性质宅基地经营权,该探索具有一定的创造性与突破性。文昌市试点既探索了农户基于宅基地使用权或农村集体经济组织基于农户暂时退出的宅基地,将债权性质宅基地利用权流转给第三方的“三权”分置模式,也探索了农村集体经济组织在农户永久退出宅基地的基础上将债权性质宅基地利用权流转给第三方的“两权”分置模式,该探索更具有全面性。三亚市与文昌市的试点方案均有进一步完善的空间。

价值均衡视角下宅基地使用权继承纠纷的裁判规则构建

现阶段宅基地使用权继承纠纷解决存在司法处理态度不一、缺少统一立法规范的实践困境。根本原因在于宅基地使用权兼具身份价值和财产价值,而现有纠纷处理模式不能达成两种价值取向的均衡。鉴于此,建议适用“身份资格—房地关系”双重标准的限制继承规则作为司法裁判指引,同时明确“三权分置”背景下宅基地使用权的成员权内涵,以填补双重标准裁判规则的理论漏洞,消解新规则的内在矛盾。

政府治理对农户宅基地扩张意愿的影响机制研究

治理农村在县域城镇化过程中出现的宅基地扩张现象,对于促进城乡融合发展、提高农村土地资源配置效率和实现共同富裕等具有重要意义。基于湖南省1316户农户样本数据,结合OLS模型和中介模型研究地方政府治理能力对农户宅基地扩张意愿的影响及机制。结果表明:地方政府治理能力对农户宅基地扩张意愿有显著的负向影响,城镇化水平在地方政府治理能力影响农户宅基地扩张意愿过程中发挥了完全中介作用;农户信息获取能力负向调节地方政府治理能力与农户宅基地扩张意愿之间的关系。因此,地方政府应提升治理能力、协调好农户住房与经济发展之间的关系、引导集中居住等,改善农户宅基地不断扩张的现象。