Histological Assessment of Bone Regeneration in the Maxilla with Homologous Bone Graft:A Feasible Option for Maxillary Bone Reconstruction

Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its reliability.Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018.The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla.The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement.All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants.There was a 100%of survival rate.The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface.There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical significance.The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological results.The patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.

Clinical and molecular significance of homologous recombination deficiency positive non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese population:An integrated genomic and transcriptional analysis

Objective:The clinical significance of homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)in breast cancer,ovarian cancer,and prostate cancer has been established,but the value of HRD in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has not been fully investigated.This study aimed to systematically analyze the HRD status of untreated NSCLC and its relationship with patient prognosis to further guide clinical care.Methods:A total of 355 treatment-naïve NSCLC patients were retrospectively enrolled.HRD status was assessed using the AmoyDx Genomic Scar Score(GSS),with a score of≥50 considered HRD-positive.Genomic,transcriptomic,tumor microenvironmental characteristics and prognosis between HRD-positive and HRDnegative patients were analyzed.Results:Of the patients,25.1%(89/355)were HRD-positive.Compared to HRD-negative patients,HRDpositive patients had more somatic pathogenic homologous recombination repair(HRR)mutations,higher tumor mutation burden(TMB)(P<0.001),and fewer driver gene mutations(P<0.001).Furthermore,HRD-positive NSCLC had more amplifications in PI3K pathway and cell cycle genes,MET and MYC in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)mutant NSCLC,and more PIK3CA and AURKA in EGFR/ALK wild-type NSCLC.HRD-positive NSCLC displayed higher tumor proliferation and immunosuppression activity.HRD-negative NSCLC showed activated signatures of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-II,interferon(IFN)-γand effector memory CD8+T cells.HRD-positive patients had a worse prognosis and shorter progressionfree survival(PFS)to targeted therapy(first-and third-generation EGFR-TKIs)(P=0.042).Additionally,HRDpositive,EGFR/ALK wild-type patients showed a numerically lower response to platinum-free immunotherapy regimens.Conclusions:Unique genomic and transcriptional characteristics were found in HRD-positive NSCLC.Poor prognosis and poor response to EGFR-TKIs and immunotherapy were observed in HRD-positive NSCLC.This study highlights potential actionable alterations in HRD-positive NSCLC,suggesting possible combinational therapeutic strategies for these patients.

Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 increases malignant phenotype of human gastric epithelial cells and promotes proliferation,invasion,and migration of gastric cancer cells

BACKGROUND The precise role of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2(MTCH2)in promoting malignancy in gastric mucosal cells and its involvement in gastric cancer cell metastasis have not been fully elucidated.AIM To determine the role of MTCH2 in gastric cancer.METHODS We collected 65 samples of poorly differentiated gastric cancer tissue and adjacent tissues,constructed MTCH2-overexpressing and MTCH2-knockdown cell models,and evaluated the proliferation,migration,and invasion of human gastric epithelial cells(GES-1)and human gastric cancer cells(AGS)cells.The mito-chondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial permeability transformation pore(mPTP)and ATP fluorescence probe were used to detect mitochondrial function.Mitochondrial function and ATP synthase protein levels were detected via Western blotting.RESULTS The expression of MTCH2 and ATP2A2 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly greater than that in adjacent tissues.Overexpression of MTCH2 promoted colony formation,invasion,migration,MMP expression and ATP production in GES-1 and AGS cells while upregulating ATP2A2 expression and inhibiting cell apoptosis;knockdown of MTCH2 had the opposite effect,promoting overactivation of the mPTP and promoting apoptosis.CONCLUSION MTCH2 can increase the malignant phenotype of GES-1 cells and promote the proliferation,invasion,and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating mitochondrial function,providing a basis for targeted therapy for gastric cancer cells.

Cloning, homological analysis and construction of Eg95 Xinjiang strain DNA vaccine

OBJECTIVES: To study the structure specificity of Echinococcus granulosus 95 (Eg95) gene and theopen reading frame (ORF) of the full-length cDNA sequence in Xinjiang, northwestern China andconstruct Eg95 Xinjiang strain DNA vaccine.METHODS: Primers of Eg95 were designed on the basis of the sequence of Eg95 antigen cDNA.Genomic DNA was extracted from E. granulosus protoscoleces (sheep) in Xinjiang. The Eg95 gene andfull-length Eg95 cDNA were amplified by PCR from the genomic DNA and protoscolex cDNA library ofE. granulosus in Xinjiang, respectively. The Eg95 gene was cloned into pUCm-T plasmid and the Eg95cDNA into eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3 for the construction of full-length ORF DNA vaccinepcDNA3-Eg95/XJ. Both Eg95 gene and Eg95 cDNA were sequenced and analyzed by DNAman andNCBI/Blast program.RESULTS: DNA sequence analysis of Eg95 Xinjiang strain (Eg95/XJ) cDNA fragment indicated thatthe coding region of the full-length of Eg95/XJ was 471bp and that encoding a peptide with 156aa and thegenomic DNA size was 1191bp. Homological comparison showed that the ORF of Eg95/XJ cDNA wasidentical to the cDNA sequence of Eg95 reported in the reading frame, but the genomic DNA was anew sequence, named Eg95/XJ and the multiple nucleotide differences, which were represented inEg95/XJ gene in comparison with those of the New Zealand strain, occurred predominantly in thenon-coding regions of the gene. The pcDNA3-Eg95/XJ positive clone was the exact recombinant plasmidand could be used ms a DNA vaccine.CONCLUSION: pcDNA3-Eg95/XJ Xinjiang strain DNA vaccine is successfully constructed.

Differential Homological Algebra and General Relativity

In 1916, F.S. Macaulay developed specific localization techniques for dealing with “unmixed polynomial ideals” in commutative algebra, transforming them into what he called “inverse systems” of partial differential equations. In 1970, D.C. Spencer and coworkers studied the formal theory of such systems, using methods of homological algebra that were giving rise to “differential homological algebra”, replacing unmixed polynomial ideals by “pure differential modules”. The use of “differential extension modules” and “differential double duality” is essential for such a purpose. In particular, 0-pure differential modules are torsion-free and admit an “absolute parametrization” by means of arbitrary potential like functions. In 2012, we have been able to extend this result to arbitrary pure differential modules, introducing a “relative parametrization” where the potentials should satisfy compatible “differential constraints”. We recently noticed that General Relativity is just a way to parametrize the Cauchy stress equations by means of the formal adjoint of the Ricci operator in order to obtain a “minimum parametrization” by adding sufficiently many compatible differential constraints, exactly like the Lorenz condition in electromagnetism. In order to make this difficult paper rather self-contained, these unusual purely mathematical results are illustrated by many explicit examples, two of them dealing with contact transformations, and even strengthening the comments we recently provided on the mathematical foundations of General Relativity and Gauge Theory. They also bring additional doubts on the origin and existence of gravitational waves.

Association between homologous recombination deficiency and outcomes with platinum and platinum-free chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer

Objective:The choice of chemotherapeutic regimen for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)remains controversial.Homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)has attracted increasing attention in informing chemotherapy treatment.This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of HRD as a clinically actionable biomarker for platinum-containing and platinum-free therapy.Methods:Chinese patients with TNBC who received chemotherapy between May 1,2008 and March 31,2020 were retrospectively analyzed with a customized 3D-HRD panel.HRD positivity was defined by an HRD score≥30 or deleterious BRCA1/2 mutation.A total of 386 chemotherapy-treated patients with TNBC were screened from a surgical cohort(NCT01150513)and a metastatic cohort,and 189 patients with available clinical and tumor sequencing data were included.Results:In the entire cohort,49.2%(93/189)of patients were identified as HRD positive(40 with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations and 53 with BRCA1/2 intact with an HRD score of≥30).In the first-line metastatic setting,platinum therapy was associated with longer median progression-free survival(mPFS)than platinum-free therapy[9.1 vs.3.0 months;hazard ratio(HR),0.43;95%confidence interval 0.22–0.84;P=0.01].Among HRD-positive patients,the mPFS was significantly longer in those treated with platinum rather than platinum-free therapy(13.6 vs.2.0 months;HR,0.11;P=0.001).Among patients administered a platinum-free regimen,HRD-negative patients showed a PFS significantly superior to that of HRD-positive patients(P=0.02;treatment-biomarker P-interaction=0.001).Similar results were observed in the BRCA1/2-intact subset.In the adjuvant setting,HRD-positive patients tended to benefit more from platinum chemotherapy than from platinum-free chemotherapy(P=0.05,P-interaction=0.02).Conclusions:HRD characterization may guide decision-making regarding the use of platinum treatment in patients with TNBC in both adjuvant and metastatic settings.

Homological dimension of graded semi-simple module

This paper proved that graded modules for greded division ring R are graded free modules and R is a IBN ring,and if R is a graded commutative ring,RM is a graded module andRM is a finite semisimple module,then gr.inj.dimRM=inj.dimRM.

Homological Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Demonstrations on the Existence of Superconducting Effects Necessaries to Magnetic Levitation/Suspension

Considering results obtained in magnetic levitation and suspension of the symmetrical bodies are designed and developed several experiments of the electromagnetism that demonstrate the effects of a superconductor necessary to the magnetic levitation/suspension. This generates bases to the development of a reactor to impulse and anti-gravitational magnetic displacement of a vehicle considering the production and transference of Eddy currents on their structure to microscopic level and the effect of auto-levitation/auto-suspension that is obtained with the iso-rotations of the impulse magnetic ring of the proper vehicle.

Homological Dimensions and Semisimplicity of Relative Hopf Modules

Let H be a Hopf algebra over a field with bijective antipode, and A a commutative cleft right H-comodule algebra. In this paper, we investigate the ho-mological dimensions and the semisimplicity of the category of relative Hopf modulesAMH.

Homological Dimension of Crossed Products of Hopf Algebras

Let H be a finite dimensional cocommutative Hopf algebra and A an H-module algebra. In this paper, we characterize the projectivity (injectivity) of M as a left A#σH-module when it is projective (injective) as a left A-module. The sufficient and necessary condition for A#σH, the crossed product, to have finite global homological dimension is given, in terms of the global homological dimension of A and the surjectivity of trace maps, provided that H is cocommutative and A is commutative.

A homological multi-information fusion method for processing gastric tumor tissue pathological images

A homological multi-information image fusion method was introduced for recognition of the gastric tumor pathological tissue images.The main purpose is that fewer procedures are used to provide more information and the result images could be easier to be understood than any other methods.First,multi-scale wavelet transform was used to extract edge feature,and then watershed morphology was used to form multi-threshold grayscale contours.The research laid emphasis upon the homological tissue image fusion based on extended Bayesian algorithm,which fusion result images of linear weighted algorithm was used to compare with the ones of extended Bayesian algorithm.The final fusion images are shown in Fig 5.The final image evaluation was made by information entropy,information correlativity and statistics methods.It is indicated that this method has more advantages for clinical application.

Protective Effect of Silent Mating Type Information Regulation 2 Homolog 1 on TGF-β1 Pathway via mTOR in Diabetic Nephropathy

Objective: To demonstrate whether the expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) affects the level of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in HEK293 cells through regulating mTOR. Methods: First, recombinant plasmids DNA (rSIRT1) and siRNA targeting SIRT1 were constructed which were transfected into Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cell (HEK293) cells, respectively. Then, the generation of intracellular ROS in cells was examined by flow cytometry using the oxidation-sensitive probe. Last, the expressions of TGF-β1, smad3, P53, mTOR, p-mTOR, LC3-I and LC3-II in cells were detected to observe the effect of SIRT1 on TGF-β1 Pathway by western blot analysis. Results: We demonstrated that overexpressing of SIRT1 may decrease TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression in HEK293 cells through regulating mTOR. In addition, the result is the opposite when SIRT1 was silent in HEK293 cells. Conclusions: SIRT1 is closely related to TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway that correlates with the regulation of mTOR and ROS generation and causes diabetic nephropathy. The available evidence implies that SIRT1 has great potential as a clinical target for the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis in the development of DN.

COMPARISON OF HOMOLOGIES AND AUTOMATIC EXTENSIONS OF INVARIANT DISTRIBUTIONS

Let G be a reductive Nash group,acting on a Nash manifold X.Let Z be a G-stable closed Nash submanifold of X and denote by U the complement of Z in X.Letχbe a character of G and denote by g the complexified Lie algebra of G.We give a sufficient condition for the natural linear map H_(k)(g,S(U)×χ)→H_k(g,S(X)×χ)between the Lie algebra homologies of Schwartz functions to be an isomorphism.For k=0,by considering the dual,we obtain the automatic extensions of g-invariant(twisted by-χ)Schwartz distributions.

Distributed Secure State Estimation of Multi-Agent Systems Under Homologous Sensor Attacks

This paper addresses the problem of distributed secure state estimation for multi-agent systems under homologous sensor attacks.Two types of secure Luenberger-like distributed observers are proposed to estimate the system state and attack signal simultaneously.Specifically,the proposed two observers are applicable to deal with the cases in the presence and absence of time delays during network communication.It is also shown that the proposed observers can ensure the attack estimations from different agents asymptotically converge to the same value.Sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the asymptotic convergence of the estimation errors are derived.Simulation examples are finally provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Antagonizing adipose tissue-derived exosome miR-103-hepatocyte phosphatase and tensin homolog pathway alleviates autophagy in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis:A trans-cellular crosstalk

BACKGROUND Obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).However,the underlining mechanism is still unclear,where adipose tissue(AT)derived exosomes may actively participate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are commonly secreted from exosomes for cell communication.Though the regulation of miR-103 on insulin sensitivity has been reported,the specific role of AT-derived exosomes miR-103 in NASH is still vague and further investigation may provide novel therapeutic choices.AIM To determine the specific role of AT-derived exosomes miR-103 in developing NASH through various methods.METHODS The expression levels of miR-103 in the AT-derived exosomes and livers were detected and compared between NASH mice and control.The effect of miR-103 on NASH progression was also explored by antagonizing miR-103,including steatosis and inflammation degree changes.The interaction between miR-103 and the autophagy-related gene phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.The role of the interaction between miR-103 and PTEN on autophagy was verified in NASH-like cells.Finally,the effects of miR-103 from adipose-derived exosomes on NASH and autophagy were analyzed through animal experiments.RESULTS The expression of miR-103 was increased in NASH mice,compared to the control,and inhibition of miR-103 could alleviate NASH.The results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed miR-103 could interact with PTEN.MiR-103-anta decreased p-AMPKa,p-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and p62 but increased the protein levels of PTEN and LC3-II/I and the number of autophagosomes in NASH mice.Similar results were also observed in NASH-like cells,and further experiments showed PTEN silencing inhibited the effect of miR-103-anta.AT derivedexosome miR-103 aggravated NASH and increased the expressions of p-AMPKa,p-mTOR,and p62 but decreased the protein levels of PTEN and LC3-II/I and the number of autophagosomes in mice.CONCLUSION AT derived-exosome increased the levels of miR-103 in the liver,and miR-103 aggravated NASH.Mechanically,miR-103 could interact with PTEN and inhibit autophagy.

Analysis of Growth Characteristics and Differentially Expressed Homologous Genes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides under Normal and Simulated Microgravity Conditions

The term “microgravity” is used to describe the “weightlessness” or “zero-g” circumstances that can only be found in space beyond earth’s atmosphere. Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a gram-negative purple phototroph, used as a model organism for this study due to its genomic complexity and metabolic versatility. Its genome has been completely sequenced, and profiles of the differential gene expression under aerobic, semi-aerobic, and photosynthetic conditions were examined. In this study, we hypothesized that R. sphaeroides will show altered growth characteristics, morphological properties, and gene expression patterns when grown under simulated microgravity. To test that, we measured the optical density and colony-forming units of cell cultures grown under both microgravity and normal gravity conditions. Differences in the cell morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images by measuring the length and the surface area of the cells under both conditions. Furthermore, we also identified homologous genes of R. spheroides using the differential gene expression study of Acidovorax under microgravity in our laboratory. Growth kinetics results showed that R. sphaeroides cells grown under microgravity experience a shorter log phase and early stationary phase compared to the cells growing under normal gravity conditions. The length and surface area of the cells under microgravity were significantly higher confirming that bacterial cells experience altered morphological features when grown under microgravity conditions. Differentially expressed homologous gene analysis indicated that genes coding for several COG and GO functions, such as metabolism, signal-transduction, transcription, translation, chemotaxis, and cell motility are differentially expressed to adapt and survive microgravity.

Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Protein Remote Homology

The study aims to find a successful solution by using computer algorithms to detect remote homologous proteins,which is a significant problem in the bioinformatics field.In this experimental study,structural classification of proteins(SCOP)1.53,SCOP benchmark,and the newly created SCOP protein database from the structural classification of proteins—extended(SCOPe)2.07 were used to detect remote homolog proteins.N-gram method and then Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)weighting were performed to extract features of the protein sequences taken from these databases.Next,a smoothing process on the obtained features was performed to avoid misclassification.Finally,the proteins with balanced features were classified into remote homologs using the built deep learning architecture.As a result,remote homologous proteins have been detected with novel deep learning architecture using both negative and positive protein instances with a mean accuracy of 89.13%and a mean relative operating characteristic(ROC)score of 88.39%.This experiment demonstrated the following:1)The successful outcome of this study in detecting remote homology is auspicious in discovering new proteins and thus in drug discovery in medicine.2)Natural language processing(NLP)techniques were used successfully in bioinformatics,3)the importance of choosing the correct n-value in the n-gram process,4)the necessity of using not only positive but negative instances in a classification problem,and 5)how effective the processes,such as smoothing,are in the classification accuracy in an imbalanced dataset.6)The deep learning architecture gives better results than the support vector machine(SVM)model on the smoothed data to detect proteins’remote homology.

Subcellular Distribution and Chemical Forms of Cadmium in the Medicine Food Homology Plant Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.

Although Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.is a renowned medicine food homology plant,reports of excessive cadmium(Cd)levels are common,which affects its safety for clinical use and food consumption.To enable its Cd levels to be regulated or reduced,it is necessary to first elucidate the mechanism of Cd uptake and accumulation in the plant,in addition to its detoxification mechanisms.This present study used inductively couple plasma-mass-spectrometry to analyze the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different tissues of P.grandiflorum.The experimental results showed that Cd was mainly accumulated in the roots[predominantly in the cell wall(50.96%-61.42%)],and it was found primarily in hypomobile and hypotoxic forms.The proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction increased after Cd exposure,and the proportion of insoluble phosphate Cd and oxalate Cd increased in roots and leaves,with a higher increase in oxalate Cd.Therefore,it is likely that root retention mechanisms,cell wall deposition,vacuole sequestration,and the formation of low mobility and low toxicity forms are tolerance strategies for Cd detoxification used by P.grandiflorum.The results of this study provide a theoretical grounding for the study of Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in P.grandiflorum,and they can be used as a reference for developing Cd limits and standards for other medicine food homology plants.

药食同源中药铁皮石斛的研究进展

铁皮石斛Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis是具有益胃生津,滋阴清热之效的药食同源中药。有丰富的化学成分以及药理活性,具有抗炎、抑菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血压、调节血糖等作用。常作为药膳以及保健品使用,在药品上也应用广泛,如石斛夜光丸、复方鲜石斛颗粒等,具有很高的药用价值和经济价值。通过对铁皮石斛的资源分布、化学成分、药理活性、药食两用产品开发等多个方面进行概述,对其应用现状进行分析,为铁皮石斛的可持续发展、药食同源开发和综合利用奠定理论基础。

药食同源产品开发思路探讨

目的 为药食同源产品的开发提供思路。方法 采用计算机检索关于中药保健食品相关专利及药食同源相关文献,分析近年来中药保健食品和药食同源产品的相关政策、研发现状及市场前景。结果 药食同源产品可发挥中医药治未病的独特优势,药食同源产业是“健康中国”战略中不可或缺的一环。国家卫生部门发布了102种药食同源的中药材,提供了基于这102种药食同源目录中药材开发的药食同源产品具有保健功效的可能性依据。药食同源产品的开发,应基于性味归经及功效,遵循中医药调理配伍原则,现代生理功效相结合的组方原则,以及产品开发与市场需求紧密结合的开发原则,可从肿瘤类、不孕不育类、糖脂代谢类疾病及增强免疫力4个方面开发产品,还需注意产品体感与功效相结合。结论 基于102种药食同源目录中药材的药食同源产品是对中药保健食品的极大补充,也是中医药大健康产品的关键所在。