Natural gas is expected to play a much more important role in China in future decades, and market reform is crucial for its rapid market penetration. At present, the main gas fields, pipelines and liquefied natural ga...Natural gas is expected to play a much more important role in China in future decades, and market reform is crucial for its rapid market penetration. At present, the main gas fields, pipelines and liquefied natural gas(LNG) infrastructure are mainly monopolized by large state-owned companies, and one of the important market reform policies is to open up LNG import rights to smaller private companies and traders. Therefore, in the present study, a game theoretical model is proposed to analyze and compare the impacts of different market structures on infrastructure deployment and social welfare. Moreover, a support vector machine-based rolling horizon stochastic method is adopted in the model to simulate real LNG price fluctuations. Four market reform scenarios are proposed considering different policies such as business separation, third-party access(TPA) and their combinations. The results indicate that, with third-party access(TPA)entrance into the LNG market, the construction of LNG infrastructure will be promoted and more gas will be provided at lower prices, and thus the total social welfare will be improved greatly.展开更多
This paper attempts to evaluate New Horizon College English(Reading and Writing,Book I, Second Edition) based on the textbook evaluation criteria by Hutchinson& Waters. The analyses proves that that it is fit for ...This paper attempts to evaluate New Horizon College English(Reading and Writing,Book I, Second Edition) based on the textbook evaluation criteria by Hutchinson& Waters. The analyses proves that that it is fit for college students under the circumstances of so many newly published English teaching materials claimed to be excellent and helpful.However, teachers should be aware to take good advantage of the textbook and supplement the students with some necessary resources during teaching due to its limitations.展开更多
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71774171)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (No. 2462017YB11)
文摘Natural gas is expected to play a much more important role in China in future decades, and market reform is crucial for its rapid market penetration. At present, the main gas fields, pipelines and liquefied natural gas(LNG) infrastructure are mainly monopolized by large state-owned companies, and one of the important market reform policies is to open up LNG import rights to smaller private companies and traders. Therefore, in the present study, a game theoretical model is proposed to analyze and compare the impacts of different market structures on infrastructure deployment and social welfare. Moreover, a support vector machine-based rolling horizon stochastic method is adopted in the model to simulate real LNG price fluctuations. Four market reform scenarios are proposed considering different policies such as business separation, third-party access(TPA) and their combinations. The results indicate that, with third-party access(TPA)entrance into the LNG market, the construction of LNG infrastructure will be promoted and more gas will be provided at lower prices, and thus the total social welfare will be improved greatly.
文摘This paper attempts to evaluate New Horizon College English(Reading and Writing,Book I, Second Edition) based on the textbook evaluation criteria by Hutchinson& Waters. The analyses proves that that it is fit for college students under the circumstances of so many newly published English teaching materials claimed to be excellent and helpful.However, teachers should be aware to take good advantage of the textbook and supplement the students with some necessary resources during teaching due to its limitations.
