Herbivorous insects may benefit from avoiding the smell produced by phytopathogens infecting plant host tissue if the infected tissue reduces insect fitness.However,in many cases the same species of phytopathogen can ...Herbivorous insects may benefit from avoiding the smell produced by phytopathogens infecting plant host tissue if the infected tissue reduces insect fitness.However,in many cases the same species of phytopathogen can also infect host plant tissues that do not directly affect herbivore fitness.Thus,insects may benefit from differentiating between pathogen odors emanating from food and nonfood tissues.This is based on the hypothesis that unecessarily staying attentive to pathogen odor from nonfood tissue may incur opportunity costs associated with not responding to other important survival functions.In this study adults of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura,an invasive larval frugivore,showed reduced attraction to the odor of raspberry fruit,a food tissue,when infected with Botrytis cinerea Pers.,a ubiquitous phytopathogen,in favor of odors of uninfected raspberry fruit.Moreover,D.suzukii oviposited fewer eggs on infected raspberry fruit relative to uninfected raspberry fruit.Larval survival and adult size after eclosion were significantly reduced when reared on B.cinerea-infected raspberry relative to uninfected fruit.Interestingly,when the behavioral choice experiment was repeated using Botrytis-infected vsuninfected strawberry leaves,a nonfood tissue,in combination with fresh raspberry fruit,odor from B.cinerea-infected leaves did not reduce D.suzukii attraction to raspberries rel-ative to raspberries with uninfected leaves.These behavioral results illustrate the important role context can play in odor-mediated interactions between insects,plants and microbes.We discuss implications of our findings for developing a repellent that can be useful for the management of D.suzukii.展开更多
基金This research was supported in part by funding from Cornell University’s New York State Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds,project 2015-16-180New York State Agriculture and Markets(C0011GG)National Institute of Food and Agriculture(2016-0228-08).
文摘Herbivorous insects may benefit from avoiding the smell produced by phytopathogens infecting plant host tissue if the infected tissue reduces insect fitness.However,in many cases the same species of phytopathogen can also infect host plant tissues that do not directly affect herbivore fitness.Thus,insects may benefit from differentiating between pathogen odors emanating from food and nonfood tissues.This is based on the hypothesis that unecessarily staying attentive to pathogen odor from nonfood tissue may incur opportunity costs associated with not responding to other important survival functions.In this study adults of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura,an invasive larval frugivore,showed reduced attraction to the odor of raspberry fruit,a food tissue,when infected with Botrytis cinerea Pers.,a ubiquitous phytopathogen,in favor of odors of uninfected raspberry fruit.Moreover,D.suzukii oviposited fewer eggs on infected raspberry fruit relative to uninfected raspberry fruit.Larval survival and adult size after eclosion were significantly reduced when reared on B.cinerea-infected raspberry relative to uninfected fruit.Interestingly,when the behavioral choice experiment was repeated using Botrytis-infected vsuninfected strawberry leaves,a nonfood tissue,in combination with fresh raspberry fruit,odor from B.cinerea-infected leaves did not reduce D.suzukii attraction to raspberries rel-ative to raspberries with uninfected leaves.These behavioral results illustrate the important role context can play in odor-mediated interactions between insects,plants and microbes.We discuss implications of our findings for developing a repellent that can be useful for the management of D.suzukii.
