A new kind of hot sand cooling equipment with vertical spouted-fluidized bed is developed in this paper. It is similar to the traditional horizontal vibrating fluidized boiling cooler in principle but different from i...A new kind of hot sand cooling equipment with vertical spouted-fluidized bed is developed in this paper. It is similar to the traditional horizontal vibrating fluidized boiling cooler in principle but different from it in structure. The processing principle of the cooler is analyzed. The influence of main structural and processing parameters on the cooling effect and its mechanism are researched. Other characteristics of the cooler are discussed also. Experiment results show that the cooling efficiency η is equal to or larger than 83%, the temperature of output sand is less than 40℃ with the temperature of input sand is about between 80 and 90℃, and the productivity is 5t/ （h·m）展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective duration of hot towel application during bed bathing, based on temporal changes in skin surface temperature, towel temperature, and subjective comfort. As ...The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective duration of hot towel application during bed bathing, based on temporal changes in skin surface temperature, towel temperature, and subjective comfort. As a secondary objective, differences in skin surface temperature and subjective comfort for hot towel application on the back and dry towel wiping alone were evaluated. For the first objective, hot towels were applied on the lower back of 20 healthy adults, for different duration (10, 15, and 20 s), with a 10-s duration found to be the most effective. For the second objective, we compared bed bathing with hot towel application to dry wiping alone, n 21 healthy adult participants. A 10-s hot towel application increased the surface temperature of the skin (+0.5℃) and provided a perceived sensation of warmth and comfort. In contrast, dry wiping significantly decreased the surface skin temperature (-0.8℃). In conclusion, hot towel application increased skin surface temperature and improved subjective warmth and comfort during bed bathing.展开更多
Abstract:The aim of this research is to design and operate a 10 kW hot chemical-looping gasification(CLG)unit using Fe2O3/Al2O3as an oxygen carrier and saw dust as a fuel.The effect of the operation temperature on gas...Abstract:The aim of this research is to design and operate a 10 kW hot chemical-looping gasification(CLG)unit using Fe2O3/Al2O3as an oxygen carrier and saw dust as a fuel.The effect of the operation temperature on gas composition in the air reactor and the fuel reactor,and the carbon conversion of biomass to CO2and CO in the fuel reactor have been experimentally studied.A total60 h run has been obtained with the same batch of oxygen carrier of iron oxide supported with alumina.The results show that CO and H2concentrations are increased with increasing temperature in the fuel reactor.It is also found that with increasing fuel reactor temperature,both the amount of residual char in the fuel reactor and CO2concentration of the exit gas from the air reactor are degreased.Carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency are increased by increasing temperature and H2production at 870℃reaches the highest rate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and BET-surface area tests have been used to characterize fresh and reacted oxygen carrier particles.The results display that the oxygen carrier activity is not declined and the specific surface area of the oxygen carrier particles is not decreased significantly.展开更多
The Beijing Research lnstitute of Coal Chemistry (BRICC) is developing the SMOVEN process for hot gas desulfurization. The SMOVEN process features sulfidation in an entrained bed,regeneration in a low velocity fluid b...The Beijing Research lnstitute of Coal Chemistry (BRICC) is developing the SMOVEN process for hot gas desulfurization. The SMOVEN process features sulfidation in an entrained bed,regeneration in a low velocity fluid bed or a moving bed with oxygen and sorbent circuIation con-trolled by gas stream. A series of tests on the bench scale unit and the continuous process devel-opment unit were carried out. The regenerable metal oxide sorbents were adopted for the sulfur-related components removing from coal gas at the temperature of 550-650℃. A fluidized bed gasifier of 100 mm (id) generated coal gas for tests. The principle of SMOVEN process has been positively verified.展开更多
为提高空气重介质流化床对入料煤水分的适应性，以热气代替常温空气改善流化床对褐煤的分选效果。采用可能偏差 E p为评价指标，研究了热态空气重介质流化床的干燥温度、干燥时间和风量对褐煤分选效果的影响。结果表明：干燥温度为30~5...为提高空气重介质流化床对入料煤水分的适应性，以热气代替常温空气改善流化床对褐煤的分选效果。采用可能偏差 E p为评价指标，研究了热态空气重介质流化床的干燥温度、干燥时间和风量对褐煤分选效果的影响。结果表明：干燥温度为30~50℃时，干燥温度越高，Ep越低；干燥时间为1~5 min 时，干燥时间越长，Ep越低，超过3 min 后，Ep降低缓慢；风量为8~12 m3/ h 时，风量增大，Ep先降低后升高。煤样表面水分越高，干燥温度、干燥时间和风量变化对 E p影响越显著。表面水分1％的褐煤，干燥温度50℃、干燥时间5 min、风量10 m3/ h 时，褐煤分选效果最好，Ep 可达到0.022 g / cm3。实验证明热态空气重介质流化床可用于分选潮湿褐煤。展开更多
文摘A new kind of hot sand cooling equipment with vertical spouted-fluidized bed is developed in this paper. It is similar to the traditional horizontal vibrating fluidized boiling cooler in principle but different from it in structure. The processing principle of the cooler is analyzed. The influence of main structural and processing parameters on the cooling effect and its mechanism are researched. Other characteristics of the cooler are discussed also. Experiment results show that the cooling efficiency η is equal to or larger than 83%, the temperature of output sand is less than 40℃ with the temperature of input sand is about between 80 and 90℃, and the productivity is 5t/ （h·m）
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective duration of hot towel application during bed bathing, based on temporal changes in skin surface temperature, towel temperature, and subjective comfort. As a secondary objective, differences in skin surface temperature and subjective comfort for hot towel application on the back and dry towel wiping alone were evaluated. For the first objective, hot towels were applied on the lower back of 20 healthy adults, for different duration (10, 15, and 20 s), with a 10-s duration found to be the most effective. For the second objective, we compared bed bathing with hot towel application to dry wiping alone, n 21 healthy adult participants. A 10-s hot towel application increased the surface temperature of the skin (+0.5℃) and provided a perceived sensation of warmth and comfort. In contrast, dry wiping significantly decreased the surface skin temperature (-0.8℃). In conclusion, hot towel application increased skin surface temperature and improved subjective warmth and comfort during bed bathing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51076154)National Key Technology Research&Development Program of 12 th Five-year of China(2011BAD15B05)
文摘Abstract:The aim of this research is to design and operate a 10 kW hot chemical-looping gasification(CLG)unit using Fe2O3/Al2O3as an oxygen carrier and saw dust as a fuel.The effect of the operation temperature on gas composition in the air reactor and the fuel reactor,and the carbon conversion of biomass to CO2and CO in the fuel reactor have been experimentally studied.A total60 h run has been obtained with the same batch of oxygen carrier of iron oxide supported with alumina.The results show that CO and H2concentrations are increased with increasing temperature in the fuel reactor.It is also found that with increasing fuel reactor temperature,both the amount of residual char in the fuel reactor and CO2concentration of the exit gas from the air reactor are degreased.Carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency are increased by increasing temperature and H2production at 870℃reaches the highest rate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and BET-surface area tests have been used to characterize fresh and reacted oxygen carrier particles.The results display that the oxygen carrier activity is not declined and the specific surface area of the oxygen carrier particles is not decreased significantly.
文摘The Beijing Research lnstitute of Coal Chemistry (BRICC) is developing the SMOVEN process for hot gas desulfurization. The SMOVEN process features sulfidation in an entrained bed,regeneration in a low velocity fluid bed or a moving bed with oxygen and sorbent circuIation con-trolled by gas stream. A series of tests on the bench scale unit and the continuous process devel-opment unit were carried out. The regenerable metal oxide sorbents were adopted for the sulfur-related components removing from coal gas at the temperature of 550-650℃. A fluidized bed gasifier of 100 mm (id) generated coal gas for tests. The principle of SMOVEN process has been positively verified.
文摘为提高空气重介质流化床对入料煤水分的适应性，以热气代替常温空气改善流化床对褐煤的分选效果。采用可能偏差 E p为评价指标，研究了热态空气重介质流化床的干燥温度、干燥时间和风量对褐煤分选效果的影响。结果表明：干燥温度为30~50℃时，干燥温度越高，Ep越低；干燥时间为1~5 min 时，干燥时间越长，Ep越低，超过3 min 后，Ep降低缓慢；风量为8~12 m3/ h 时，风量增大，Ep先降低后升高。煤样表面水分越高，干燥温度、干燥时间和风量变化对 E p影响越显著。表面水分1％的褐煤，干燥温度50℃、干燥时间5 min、风量10 m3/ h 时，褐煤分选效果最好，Ep 可达到0.022 g / cm3。实验证明热态空气重介质流化床可用于分选潮湿褐煤。
