Bioko Island（3008 m a.s.l） is located in the presently more active volcanic zone of the Cameroon Line and composed essentially of alkaline basalts and hawaiites, and lesser mugearites. The rocks show microlitic porp...Bioko Island（3008 m a.s.l） is located in the presently more active volcanic zone of the Cameroon Line and composed essentially of alkaline basalts and hawaiites, and lesser mugearites. The rocks show microlitic porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of olivine（83% 〈 Fo 〈 87%） and clinopyroxene in a matrix of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and oxides. Hawaiites and mugearites also include phenocrysts of plagioclase（An62-67Ab35-32Or3-1）. Major element variation diagrams show an increase in Si O2, Al2O3, Na2 O and K2 O with increasing Mg O for the studied rock groups. The rocks are characterized by low（^86Sr/^87Sr）i ratios（0.70320e0.70406）, high 3Nd（t） values（2.56e4.33） and high（^206Pb/^204Pb）i ratios（20.032e20.035） values.Basalts are enriched in LILE and LREE, and have（Hf/Sm）N= 0.57e1.16. These geochemical signatures are similar to those of the Mount Cameroon rocks, and might be attributed to low degrees of partial melting from a garnet-amphibole-bearing mantle source. The trace elements and isotopic compositions suggest that the parental magma source might have involved HIMU- and EM1-components.展开更多
Bioko island (3008 m a.s.l.), is composed of the alkaline basaltic lavas (basalts and hawaiites) with xenoliths. These lavas have a microlitic textureand consisted of euhedral to subhedral phenocrysts?(>1 mm) of ol...Bioko island (3008 m a.s.l.), is composed of the alkaline basaltic lavas (basalts and hawaiites) with xenoliths. These lavas have a microlitic textureand consisted of euhedral to subhedral phenocrysts?(>1 mm) of olivine (0.83 < Mg# < 0.87) and diopside ± Ti-augite. Plagioclase (An62-67Ab35-32Or3-1) phenocrysts are present only in hawaiites. In Harker diagrams, SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O and K2O contents of the lavas increase and Fe2O3, MgO and CaO decrease with increasing differentiation from basalts to hawaiites. The compatible elements Ni, Cr and V decrease strongly in basalts and remain at low levels in hawaiites. Basaltic lavas from Bioko lavas have low Hf contents (4.2 - 9.2 ppm) and consequently higher Hf/Zr ratios (50 - 90) than those (<50) of similar lavas from other volcanoes of the Cameroon Hot Line. Such high ratios are commonly observed in alkaline basaltic lavas associated with carbonatitic and/or nephelinitic magmatism. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions point to a slightly depleted mantle source.展开更多
The Cameroon hot line is dominated by magmatic rocks. The variations of magma and chemistry are generally due to the difference of physical conditions and chemistry in the magma source region during the ascent of magm...The Cameroon hot line is dominated by magmatic rocks. The variations of magma and chemistry are generally due to the difference of physical conditions and chemistry in the magma source region during the ascent of magma. The Mt Etinde and the Mt Cameroon, both edifices belong to the Cameroon Hot line, have a particularity some rare rocks such as camptonite and nephelinite. The relationship between the silica undersaturated rocks in the both edifices is characterized by the lateral variation appear through the petrography of the different rocks. The concerned geochemical data allow to compare the Mount Etinde nephelinite and Mount Cameroon camptonite where the differentiation process reflects geochemical affinities from a basaltic magma source on the Cameroon hot line. The compatible elements between the Mount Etinde nephelinite and the Mount Cameroon camptonite and basalt correlate with the difference in modal compositions of mineral phases. The lateral variation of major and trace element contents in the Mount Cameroon camptonite and Mount Etinde nephelinite seem to be related to the difference in the fractional crystallization processes of mineral phases, the difference in the partial melting processes and the metasomatism source rich in volatile. The silica-undersaturated character of the camptonite and nephelinite could be attributed to assimilation of carbonate rocks within depth-level magma chambers. Trace element AFC modelling revealed that the parental magmas of both edifice volcanic rocks were mostly affected by fractional crystallisation coupled with metasomatism process in Ca rich source.展开更多
A woman with a problem needs a good friend to tell her troubles to.But if the problem is too intimate,too embarrasing,a sympatheti,unknoumn oice at the other end of the telephone is often the best friend of all.
Based on the continuous hot(aluminizing) galvanizing lines and related non-standard equipment of Meishan Steel,this paper presents the main contents of such integrated engineering and designing of equipment for the tw...Based on the continuous hot(aluminizing) galvanizing lines and related non-standard equipment of Meishan Steel,this paper presents the main contents of such integrated engineering and designing of equipment for the two hot-dipped galvanizing lines,as well as innovative techniques and their features.Led by Cold Rolling Project Department of Meishan Steel,Baosteel Engineering and Technology Group Co.,Ltd. ,working as the responsible unit of this project,develops key technologies and integrates the system by combining the equipment design and development capacity of Baosteel Engineering,research and development capacity of Research Institute of Baosteel,process production and equipment maintenance experience of Cold Rolling Plant,Equipment Department and Manufacture Department of Baosteel Corporation.Core technologies of the two lines are developed and designed through original and integrated innovation and innovation after digestion,focusing on eight core techniques in process equipment,annealing furnace,fluid installation and EIC system.As a result of integration in key process equipment,industrial furnace and EIC control,the cold rolling hot dipped(aluminizing) galvanizing lines take on a new look and reach an annual capacity of 200 000 t galvanized products and 250 000 t galvanized aluminium base strips respectively.These two world advanced lines are able to produce hot-dipped galvanizing products with high quality surface and fine shape,such as household appliance board and senior construction board.As a result, the process and equipment technology of the lines have formed domestic intellectual property.Thus,the technology has reference value for self-integration and equipment technology innovation of similar lines.展开更多
The hot-line cleaning of insulator contaminants has a great significance to prevent pollution flashover.The technique of hot-line cleaning insulator contaminants by water vapor is proposed in this paper.The flashover ...The hot-line cleaning of insulator contaminants has a great significance to prevent pollution flashover.The technique of hot-line cleaning insulator contaminants by water vapor is proposed in this paper.The flashover characteristics of insulator under the procedure of cleaning by hot-line water vapor are tested to investigate the security of cleaning system in the operation.Three kinds of insulator are chosed to carry on the experiment.The average flashover voltage,flashover voltage gradient and withstand voltage in35 kV insulators in hot-line cleaning are measured.The results show that the average flashover voltage and withstand voltage of insulators used for hot-line water vapor cleaning are both larger than the operation phase voltage in 35 kV system.The flashover voltage gradient is larger than usual pollution flashover voltage gradient.The system security can be ensured when there is no overvoltage in the system,which verifies that the insulators cleaning method presented in this paper is effective and reliable.展开更多
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the use of galvannealed and galvanized steel sheets in automobiles is on the rise. These sheets must meet very high surface quality requirements. The surface trea...With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the use of galvannealed and galvanized steel sheets in automobiles is on the rise. These sheets must meet very high surface quality requirements. The surface treatment of line rolls is known to have a great impact on strip quality. To prevent dusts such as zinc ash from pressing into the strip surface, we used a composite thermal spray surface treatment technique to treat rolls. The successfully developed tungsten carbide （WC） ＋ Ni-P composite plating technology improved the quality of the tungsten carbide thermally sprayed WC roll surface. This technique is also helpful to control defects such as adhered foreign materials in hot-dip galvanized automobile outer panel surfaces.展开更多
During the process of laying long-distance oil and gas transmission pipelines, the hot-induction-bend method is extensively used when the direction has to be changed. By considering the pipeline＇ s ongoing processing...During the process of laying long-distance oil and gas transmission pipelines, the hot-induction-bend method is extensively used when the direction has to be changed. By considering the pipeline＇ s ongoing processing and loading states during service, the pipeline that is generally used exhibits thicker walls than those that are observed in the line pipe. As such, during pipeline construction, hot-induction-bend and line pipes with different wall thickness are girth-welded. The chemical composition of hot-induction-bend and line pipes differs, with the carbon content being particularly higher in the hot-induction-bend pipe;it also depicts a higher carbon equivalent, which makes it possible to modify the girth of the pipe. In this study, using Baosteel＇ s standard X70M UOE hot- induction-bend and line pipes, solid-wire automatic gas-metal-arc girth welding was performed and the performance of the girth-welded joint was evaluated. Furthermore,the weldability of the pipeline girth and the microstructure of the girth-welded joint were analyzed. The results reveal that Baosteel＇ s standard UOE hot-induction-bend and line pipes exhibit good girth weldability, and their technical quality can be guaranteed in case of consumer field- construction applications.展开更多
Hot dip galvanized product is widely used in architecture, household electric appliance, ship vehicle, vessel, mechano-electronic device and other fields including clothing, food, housing, and travel. The history, dev...Hot dip galvanized product is widely used in architecture, household electric appliance, ship vehicle, vessel, mechano-electronic device and other fields including clothing, food, housing, and travel. The history, development, market need, and technological advancement of hot dip galvanized strip, production situation, and development tendency in China are briefly introduced. The fact that it is necessary to build new and auto galvanized strip line with the development of the iron and steel industry in China.展开更多
An appropriate genetic similarity coefficient is particularly important for accurately estimating the genetic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between individuals and evaluating the genetic diversity of popula...An appropriate genetic similarity coefficient is particularly important for accurately estimating the genetic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between individuals and evaluating the genetic diversity of populations. In this study, five genetic similarity coefficients were compared for analysis of phylogenetic relationship among 31 hot pepper inbred lines based on SRAP. The applicability of different genetic similarity coefficient was investigated by means of SRAP data of hot pepper inbred lines. According to the experimental results, the variation ranges of Nei ＆ Li, Jaceard, Sorensen, Simple matching and Yule coefficients were 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0. 427 - 0. 947, 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0.427 - 0. 947 and 0. 133 - 0. 997, respectively. Results of cluster analysis based on different similarity coefficients varied greatly. To be specific, clustering results based on Nei ＆ Li, Jaccard and Sorensen coefficients were consistent; clustering with Simple matching and Yule coef ficients led to consistent classification of category in different order and slightly different classification of subcategory. Comprehensively comparing the results of cluster analysis and the dendrograms of hot pepper inbred lines, Yule coefficient is suitable for SRAP analysis of hot pepper.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Ministère des Affaires Economiques (Project SGB/ NAT 91-98)
文摘Bioko Island（3008 m a.s.l） is located in the presently more active volcanic zone of the Cameroon Line and composed essentially of alkaline basalts and hawaiites, and lesser mugearites. The rocks show microlitic porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of olivine（83% 〈 Fo 〈 87%） and clinopyroxene in a matrix of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and oxides. Hawaiites and mugearites also include phenocrysts of plagioclase（An62-67Ab35-32Or3-1）. Major element variation diagrams show an increase in Si O2, Al2O3, Na2 O and K2 O with increasing Mg O for the studied rock groups. The rocks are characterized by low（^86Sr/^87Sr）i ratios（0.70320e0.70406）, high 3Nd（t） values（2.56e4.33） and high（^206Pb/^204Pb）i ratios（20.032e20.035） values.Basalts are enriched in LILE and LREE, and have（Hf/Sm）N= 0.57e1.16. These geochemical signatures are similar to those of the Mount Cameroon rocks, and might be attributed to low degrees of partial melting from a garnet-amphibole-bearing mantle source. The trace elements and isotopic compositions suggest that the parental magma source might have involved HIMU- and EM1-components.
文摘Bioko island (3008 m a.s.l.), is composed of the alkaline basaltic lavas (basalts and hawaiites) with xenoliths. These lavas have a microlitic textureand consisted of euhedral to subhedral phenocrysts?(>1 mm) of olivine (0.83 < Mg# < 0.87) and diopside ± Ti-augite. Plagioclase (An62-67Ab35-32Or3-1) phenocrysts are present only in hawaiites. In Harker diagrams, SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O and K2O contents of the lavas increase and Fe2O3, MgO and CaO decrease with increasing differentiation from basalts to hawaiites. The compatible elements Ni, Cr and V decrease strongly in basalts and remain at low levels in hawaiites. Basaltic lavas from Bioko lavas have low Hf contents (4.2 - 9.2 ppm) and consequently higher Hf/Zr ratios (50 - 90) than those (<50) of similar lavas from other volcanoes of the Cameroon Hot Line. Such high ratios are commonly observed in alkaline basaltic lavas associated with carbonatitic and/or nephelinitic magmatism. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions point to a slightly depleted mantle source.
文摘The Cameroon hot line is dominated by magmatic rocks. The variations of magma and chemistry are generally due to the difference of physical conditions and chemistry in the magma source region during the ascent of magma. The Mt Etinde and the Mt Cameroon, both edifices belong to the Cameroon Hot line, have a particularity some rare rocks such as camptonite and nephelinite. The relationship between the silica undersaturated rocks in the both edifices is characterized by the lateral variation appear through the petrography of the different rocks. The concerned geochemical data allow to compare the Mount Etinde nephelinite and Mount Cameroon camptonite where the differentiation process reflects geochemical affinities from a basaltic magma source on the Cameroon hot line. The compatible elements between the Mount Etinde nephelinite and the Mount Cameroon camptonite and basalt correlate with the difference in modal compositions of mineral phases. The lateral variation of major and trace element contents in the Mount Cameroon camptonite and Mount Etinde nephelinite seem to be related to the difference in the fractional crystallization processes of mineral phases, the difference in the partial melting processes and the metasomatism source rich in volatile. The silica-undersaturated character of the camptonite and nephelinite could be attributed to assimilation of carbonate rocks within depth-level magma chambers. Trace element AFC modelling revealed that the parental magmas of both edifice volcanic rocks were mostly affected by fractional crystallisation coupled with metasomatism process in Ca rich source.
文摘A woman with a problem needs a good friend to tell her troubles to.But if the problem is too intimate,too embarrasing,a sympatheti,unknoumn oice at the other end of the telephone is often the best friend of all.
文摘Based on the continuous hot(aluminizing) galvanizing lines and related non-standard equipment of Meishan Steel,this paper presents the main contents of such integrated engineering and designing of equipment for the two hot-dipped galvanizing lines,as well as innovative techniques and their features.Led by Cold Rolling Project Department of Meishan Steel,Baosteel Engineering and Technology Group Co.,Ltd. ,working as the responsible unit of this project,develops key technologies and integrates the system by combining the equipment design and development capacity of Baosteel Engineering,research and development capacity of Research Institute of Baosteel,process production and equipment maintenance experience of Cold Rolling Plant,Equipment Department and Manufacture Department of Baosteel Corporation.Core technologies of the two lines are developed and designed through original and integrated innovation and innovation after digestion,focusing on eight core techniques in process equipment,annealing furnace,fluid installation and EIC system.As a result of integration in key process equipment,industrial furnace and EIC control,the cold rolling hot dipped(aluminizing) galvanizing lines take on a new look and reach an annual capacity of 200 000 t galvanized products and 250 000 t galvanized aluminium base strips respectively.These two world advanced lines are able to produce hot-dipped galvanizing products with high quality surface and fine shape,such as household appliance board and senior construction board.As a result, the process and equipment technology of the lines have formed domestic intellectual property.Thus,the technology has reference value for self-integration and equipment technology innovation of similar lines.
文摘The hot-line cleaning of insulator contaminants has a great significance to prevent pollution flashover.The technique of hot-line cleaning insulator contaminants by water vapor is proposed in this paper.The flashover characteristics of insulator under the procedure of cleaning by hot-line water vapor are tested to investigate the security of cleaning system in the operation.Three kinds of insulator are chosed to carry on the experiment.The average flashover voltage,flashover voltage gradient and withstand voltage in35 kV insulators in hot-line cleaning are measured.The results show that the average flashover voltage and withstand voltage of insulators used for hot-line water vapor cleaning are both larger than the operation phase voltage in 35 kV system.The flashover voltage gradient is larger than usual pollution flashover voltage gradient.The system security can be ensured when there is no overvoltage in the system,which verifies that the insulators cleaning method presented in this paper is effective and reliable.
文摘With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the use of galvannealed and galvanized steel sheets in automobiles is on the rise. These sheets must meet very high surface quality requirements. The surface treatment of line rolls is known to have a great impact on strip quality. To prevent dusts such as zinc ash from pressing into the strip surface, we used a composite thermal spray surface treatment technique to treat rolls. The successfully developed tungsten carbide （WC） ＋ Ni-P composite plating technology improved the quality of the tungsten carbide thermally sprayed WC roll surface. This technique is also helpful to control defects such as adhered foreign materials in hot-dip galvanized automobile outer panel surfaces.
文摘During the process of laying long-distance oil and gas transmission pipelines, the hot-induction-bend method is extensively used when the direction has to be changed. By considering the pipeline＇ s ongoing processing and loading states during service, the pipeline that is generally used exhibits thicker walls than those that are observed in the line pipe. As such, during pipeline construction, hot-induction-bend and line pipes with different wall thickness are girth-welded. The chemical composition of hot-induction-bend and line pipes differs, with the carbon content being particularly higher in the hot-induction-bend pipe;it also depicts a higher carbon equivalent, which makes it possible to modify the girth of the pipe. In this study, using Baosteel＇ s standard X70M UOE hot- induction-bend and line pipes, solid-wire automatic gas-metal-arc girth welding was performed and the performance of the girth-welded joint was evaluated. Furthermore,the weldability of the pipeline girth and the microstructure of the girth-welded joint were analyzed. The results reveal that Baosteel＇ s standard UOE hot-induction-bend and line pipes exhibit good girth weldability, and their technical quality can be guaranteed in case of consumer field- construction applications.
基金Item Sponsored by National Fundamental Research and Development Plan of China (G2000067208-4)
文摘Hot dip galvanized product is widely used in architecture, household electric appliance, ship vehicle, vessel, mechano-electronic device and other fields including clothing, food, housing, and travel. The history, development, market need, and technological advancement of hot dip galvanized strip, production situation, and development tendency in China are briefly introduced. The fact that it is necessary to build new and auto galvanized strip line with the development of the iron and steel industry in China.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"Construction of Genetic Linkage Map of Dendrobium"(312024)China Spark Program"Pilotscale Trial and Demonstration of New Varieties of Tropical Flowers"(2012GA800003)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Nonprofit Research Institutes"Study on the Cold Stress Response Mechanism and Breeding of Cold-resistant in Dendrobium phalaenopsis"(1630032014017)
文摘An appropriate genetic similarity coefficient is particularly important for accurately estimating the genetic similarity and phylogenetic relationship between individuals and evaluating the genetic diversity of populations. In this study, five genetic similarity coefficients were compared for analysis of phylogenetic relationship among 31 hot pepper inbred lines based on SRAP. The applicability of different genetic similarity coefficient was investigated by means of SRAP data of hot pepper inbred lines. According to the experimental results, the variation ranges of Nei ＆ Li, Jaceard, Sorensen, Simple matching and Yule coefficients were 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0. 427 - 0. 947, 0. 598 - 0. 973, 0.427 - 0. 947 and 0. 133 - 0. 997, respectively. Results of cluster analysis based on different similarity coefficients varied greatly. To be specific, clustering results based on Nei ＆ Li, Jaccard and Sorensen coefficients were consistent; clustering with Simple matching and Yule coef ficients led to consistent classification of category in different order and slightly different classification of subcategory. Comprehensively comparing the results of cluster analysis and the dendrograms of hot pepper inbred lines, Yule coefficient is suitable for SRAP analysis of hot pepper.
