Modeling constitutive relationship of 6013 aluminum alloy during hot plane strain compression based on Kriging method

Hot plane strain compression tests of 6013 aluminum alloy were conducted within the temperature range of 613?773 K and the strain rate range of 0.001?10 s?1. Based on the corrected experimental data with temperature compensation, Kriging method is selected to model the constitutive relationship among flow stress, temperature, strain rate and strain. The predictability and reliability of the constructed Kriging model are evaluated by statistical measures, comparative analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV). The accuracy of Kriging model is validated by the R-value of 0.999 and the AARE of 0.478%. Meanwhile, its superiority has been demonstrated while comparing with the improved Arrhenius-type model. Furthermore, the generalization capability of Kriging model is identified by LOO-CV with 25 times of testing. It is indicated that Kriging method is competent to develop accurate model for describing the hot deformation behavior and predicting the flow stress even beyond the experimental conditions in hot compression tests.

Statistical evaluation and optimization of zinc electrolyte hot purification process by Taguchi method

The neutral zinc sulfate solution obtained from hydrometallurgical process of Angouran zinc concentrate has cadmium, nickel and cobalt impurities, that must be purified before electrowinning. Therefore, cadmium and nickel are usually cemented out by addition of zinc dust and remained nickel and cobalt cemented out at second stage with zinc powder and arsenic trioxide. In this research, a new approach is described for determination of effective parameters and optimization of zinc electrolyte hot purification process using statistical design of experiments. The Taguchi method based on orthogonal array design（OAD） has been used to arrange the experimental runs. The experimental conditions involved in the work are as follows： the temperature range of 70-90 ℃ for reaction temperature（T）, 30-90 min for reaction time（t）, 2-4 g/L for zinc powder mass concentration（M）, one to five series for zinc dust particle size distributions（S1-S5）, and 0.1-0.5 g/L（C） for arsenic trioxide mass concentration. Optimum conditions for hot purification obtained in this work are T4（85 ℃）, t4=75 min, M4=3.5 g/L, S4（Serie 4）, and C2=0.2 g/L.

Thermal conductivity characterization of ultra-thin silicon film using the ultra-fast transient hot strip method

Thermal conductivity is an important material parameter of silicon when studying the performance and reliability of devices or for guiding circuit design when considering heat dissipation, especially when the self-heating effect becomes prominent in ultra-scaled MOSFETs.The cross-plane thermal conductivity of a thin silicon film is lacking due to the difficulty in sensing high thermal conductivity in the vertical direction.In this paper, a feasible method that utilizes an ultra-fast electrical pulse within 20 μs combined with the hot strip technique is adopted.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows how to extract the cross-plane thermal conductivity of sub-50 nm(30 nm, 17 nm, and 10 nm)silicon films on buried oxide.The ratio of the extracted cross-plane thermal conductivity of the silicon films over the bulk value is only about 6.9%, 4.3%, and 3.8% at 300 K, respectively.As the thickness of the films is smaller than the phonon mean free path, the classical heat transport theory fails to predict the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors.Thus, in this study, a ballistic model, derived from the heat transport equation based on extended-irreversible-hydrodynamics(EIT), is used for further investigation, and the simulation results exhibit good consistence with the experimental data.The extracted effective thermal data could provide a good reference for precise device simulations and thermoelectric applications.

Thermal conductivity measurements on xonotlite-type calcium silicate by the transient hot-strip method

The experimental results of the thermal conductivities of xonotlite-type calcium silicate insulation materials were presented at different temperatures and pressures. Two appropriative surroundings, i.e. an elevated temperature surrounding from ambient temperature to 1450 K and a vacuum surrounding from atmosphere pressure to 10-3 Pa, were designed for the transient hot-strip （THS） method. The thermal conductivities of xonotlite-type calcium silicate with four densities from ambient temperature to 1000 K and 0.045 Pa to atmospheric pressure were measured. The results show that the thermal conductivity of xonotlite-type calcium silicate decreases apparently with the fall of density, and decreases apparently with the drop of pressure, and reaches the least value at about 100 Pa. The thermal conductivity of xonotlite-type calcium silicate increases almost linearly with T0, and increases more abundantly with low density than with high density. The thermal conductivity measurement uncertainty is estimated to be approximately 3% at ambient temperature, and 6% at 800 K.

A new method--the inverse strain method(ISM)for preventing welding hot cracking of high strength aluminium alloy LY12CZ

In this paper a new method for preventing welding hot cracking—the inverse strain method(ISM)is developed on the principle of welding mechan- ics.Effectiveness and feasiblity of method in preventing welding hot cracking of high strength aluminum alloy LY12CZ by synchronous rolling during welding (SRDW)along both sides of the weld at a suitable distance behind the welding arc are examined.Experimental resulte indicate that welding hot cracking of LY12CY can be effectively prevented and the mechanical properties of welded joint can also be improved by the method.It is an important new solution for preventing hot cracking in welding of sheet metal.

Discussion on Extraction of the Chlorophyll a from Phytoplankton by Hotethanol Method

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss extraction of the chlorophyll a from phytoplankton by hot-ethanol method. [Method] The measurement method of chlorophyll a was improved. By contrast test, the best extraction temperature and time of chlorophyll a by hot-ethanol meth- od were studied. Meanwhile, we contrasted hot-ethanol method with specification. I Result] It was simple to use hot-ethanol method to extract chlo- rophyll a from phytoplankton, and it was safe and reliable. When extraction temperature was 75℃ , extraction efficiency of the chlorophyll a was the highest using hot ethanol to hot for 3 min. Chlorophyll a extracted by specification presented significant positive correlation with that by hot-ethanol method. Extraction efficiency of the hot-ethanol method was higher than that of the specification. [ Condusion] The research could provide theoretical reference for extraction of the chlorophyll a from phytoplankton in surface water.

Mechanism of biaxial pre-stress method on welding residual stress and hot cracks controlling

Based on the conventional uniaxial pre-tensile stress method during welding, this study presents a new method of welding with biaxial pre-stress. With the help of numerical simulation, experiments were carried out on the self-designed device. Except for the control on residual stress and distortion us-welded, the experimental results also show its effect on the prevention of hot cracks, thus this method can make up for the disadvantage of the conventional pre-stress method. Hot cracks disappear when the value of pre-stress surpasses 0. 2 σs（yield limit）. Welded thin plates with low-level residual stress, little distortion and no hot cracks are obtained with longitudinal pre-tensile stress level between 0. 6σsand 0. 7σs and precompressive stress between 0. 2 σs and 0. 3 σs in transverse direction.

A New Test Method for Hot Abrasion Resistance on Refractories

Test methods for hot abrasion resistance of refractories in China and overseas were briefly introduced. A new test method for hot abrasion resistance was researched. The new method inherits test principle of cold abrasion resistance in Chinese standard totally, adopts compressed air pre-heating and electricity heating sam- ples, and is featured with complete structure, good con- trollability, simple operation, and small size. The characteristics and operating procedure of HAT-14A tester were introduced. The hot abrasion resistance of various refractories at different temperatures was tested.

Stream Surface Strip Element Method and Simulation of Three-Dimensional Deformation of Continuous Hot Rolled Strip

A new method,the stream surface strip element method,for simulating the three-dimensional deformation of plate and strip rolling process was proposed.The rolling deformation zone was divided into a number of stream surface(curved surface)strip elements along metal flow traces,and the stream surface strip elements were mapped into the corresponding plane strip elements for analysis and computation.The longitudinal distributions of the lateral displacement and the altitudinal displacement of metal were respectively constructed to be a quartic curve and a quadratic curve,of which the lateral distributions were expressed as the third-power spline function,and the altitudinal distributions were fitted in the quadratic curve.From the flow theory of plastic mechanics,the mathematical models of the three-dimensional deformations and stresses of the deformation zone were constructed.Compared with the streamline strip element method proposed by the first author of this paper,the stream surface strip element method takes into account the uneven distributions of stresses and deformations along altitudinal direction,and realizes the precise three-dimensional analysis and computation.The simulation example of continuous hot rolled strip indicates that the method and the model accord with facts and provide a new reliable engineering-computation method for the three-dimensional mechanics simulation of plate and strip rolling process.

Development of Green Polymer Electrolyte Through Hot Press Method

To develop the green polymeric membrane electrolyte,-Polycaprolactone(PCL)was used as a host and the Ionic liquid(IL)(1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate)as a dopant.The IL is a source of mobile charges in the polymer electrolyte system.The composite membrane has been prepared by Hot Press method and then we characterised this membrane for ionic transportation.Formation of nanocomposite system has been ascertained from their XRD pattern.Interaction phenomenon was studied by ATR based FTIR and Laser Raman spectroscopic technique.Variation of conductivity with composition and temperature was studied with the aid of impedance spectroscopy data.

Clinical observation of Hot Compress and Mounting Medicine Method

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Voltage-Based Hot-Spot Detection Method for Defective Cell in Photovoltaic Module Using Projector

This paper proposes a voltage-based hot-spot detection method for defective cells in PV module using projector. The presence of internal crystal defects is one of the main causes of hot-spot phenomenon in PV modules. Authors previously investigated the physical characteristics of hot-spot phenomenon referring to internal crystal defect. Based on it, a hot-spot detection method named as current-based SRC （self reverse current） detection method is developed. However, it becomes extraordinarily complicated to determine the defective cells under low illumination. In order to avoid this disadvantage, authors improve the SRC detection method by applying voltage. From the feasibility experiment results, it is confirmed that by calculating cell HSI （hotspots index） with voltage, the PV modules with defective cells can be prospectively excluded even under low illumination.

开口T形加劲肋正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能研究

为了分析并对比采用开口T形加劲肋形式正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳性能,采用Midas Civil建立全桥模型,提出横隔板顶部不开孔的开口T肋正交异性钢桥面板、横隔板顶部开孔的开口T肋正交异性钢桥面板、闭口U肋共3种设计方案,采用Abaqus分别建立局部三维实体模型,对3种设计方案展开参数分析,并采用热点应力法进行疲劳性能评估。结果表明,全桥疲劳易损断面位置处于跨中顶板厚度为18 mm的E类梁段。方案3在各个疲劳构造细节处的热点应力幅均高于方案1和方案2。方案1仅在疲劳构造细节⑤处的热点应力幅小于方案2,其余几个疲劳构造细节的应力幅均高于方案2,在疲劳构造细节①处的热点应力幅降幅最大,约为34.75%,在疲劳构造细节③的热点应力幅降幅最小,仅为7.16%。无论顶板厚度变化还是横隔板厚度变化,变化幅度最大的位置均是疲劳构造细节①和②,其余位置疲劳应力幅对于顶板厚度变化较横隔板厚度变化敏感。方案2并无超出热点应力S‑N曲线疲劳截止限的位置,而方案1和方案3超出疲劳截止限的位置疲劳性能均满足规范中对正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能验算的要求。

Review on hot spinning for difficult-to-deform lightweight metals

Hot spinning process has attracted significant attention because it can be used to manufacture complex parts, extend the forming limit of materials, decrease forming forces and reduce process chains. In this paper, we review researches on lightweight metals spun at elevated temperatures since they are difficult to deform at room temperature. These metals include light alloys, such as titanium, magnesium and aluminum alloys, and metal composites. Then, the heating methods used in the hot spinning process and the treatment methods employed for the temperature boundary condition in finite element analyses for the process were discussed. Finally, the future development directions for the hot spinning process of lightweight but difficult-to-deform alloys were highlighted.

FEM modeling of dynamical recrystallization during multi-pass hot rolling of AM50 alloy and experimental verification

The microstructure simulation during the multi-pass hot rolling of AM50 alloy was studied by DEFORM-3D. The excellent agreement with the experiment observations shows that the present modeling and user routine are feasible for the reproduce of the hot rolling process. The multi-pass hot rolling contributes to the achievement of a uniformly recrystallized microstructure with fine grains in the rolled sheet. The sheet temperature before the finish rolling strongly affects the final grain size, but hardly affects the grain size distribution. This modeling and the user routine also have a potential to be applied in the researches of the other multi-pass hot deformation process.

基于Hot Disk方法测量热导率的影响因素

基于hot disk方法测量材料的热导率时,探头热容及时间延迟的存在会直接影响热导率测量的准确度.为了有效地评估这种影响的程度,本文基于探头表面平均温升理想模型提出了一种可实现热容补偿及时间补偿的修正模型,并利用hot disk热物性分析仪的数据采集系统分别搭载两个不同半径的探头对Pyroceram 9606标准材料在常温常压条件下的热导率进行了测量.实验结果表明,对于测试时间比较短的情况,对理想模型进行探头热容补偿及时间补偿能够较大幅度地提高热导率的测量准确度,并且与hot disk热物性分析仪的测量结果非常接近,探头四线电阻散热的影响是造成差距的主要原因.

7075/6061铝合金TIG焊搭接接头疲劳性能评估

对7075/6061铝合金TIG角焊缝搭接试件进行恒幅疲劳测试,根据热点应力法与临界距离法细节分别建立有限元应力应变分析模型,在模型中提取最大主应力变化范围进行分析。基于有限元应力应变分析结果并结合IIW推荐的S-N曲线估算不同载荷下焊缝接头的疲劳寿命。结果表明:试件主要在7075侧焊趾处断裂,而有限元模型中最大应力应变集中部位均位于7075侧焊趾,两者基本一致。预测寿命与实际寿命对比可知,在低周疲劳范围内热点应力法在进行板厚修正的基础上可较好地预测TIG焊件的疲劳寿命,且预测结果误差均在2个因子范围内。临界距离法中点法和线法均能对热点应力进行预测,其中点法预测精度更高,线法预测精度稍差。

Hot disk探头热容对热导率测量的影响

Hot disk探头热容的存在会直接影响热导率测量的准确度。为有效地评估这种影响的程度,在基于瞬态点热源格林函数法得到探头表面平均温升理想模型的基础上,提出了一种能够修正探头热容对实际加热功率影响的改进模型,并利用三种不同大小及热容值的探头及Hot disk数据采集系统对Pyroceram 9606标准材料的热导率进行了测量。测量结果表明,Hot disk探头热容对热导率测量精度的影响会随探头半径、测量时间及加热功率等测量参数的不同而发生变化,对理想模型进行探头热容补偿可以有效提高热导率测量准确度,且探头热容相对实验总加热量的大小是影响热导率测量准确度的决定因素。

基于变异系数法评价不同干燥温度辣椒的品质差异

为确定企业大规模热风干制四平头辣椒的适宜温度,在工厂生产条件下对平均干燥温度为62,65.2,67.9,71.1,73.8℃5种温度下的辣椒进行干制实验。对不同温度下辣椒干燥时间、色差、褐变度、L-抗坏血酸等理化指标的变化情况进行检测分析,应用变异系数法确定权重,筛选出最佳的干燥温度。结果表明,65.2℃干燥(综合评分0.6711)>62℃干燥(综合评分0.3917)>67.9℃干燥(综合评分0.2630)>71.1℃干燥(综合评分-0.2919)>73.8℃干燥(综合评分-1.0311)。因此,选用65.2℃作为工厂干制辣椒的最佳干燥温度。