Law enforcement agencies have begun utilizing traffic and crash data to improve traffic law enforcement delivery. However, many agencies often do not have the resources or expertise to harness fully the benefits this ...Law enforcement agencies have begun utilizing traffic and crash data to improve traffic law enforcement delivery. However, many agencies often do not have the resources or expertise to harness fully the benefits this data offers. A free to use, scalable traffic crash hot spot detection tool was developed to aid law enforcement agency decision makers, statewide to the local municipality level. The tool was developed to identify crash hot spots algorithmically with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a range of customizable parameters based on location, date and time, and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> crash factors, enabling quick, dynamic queries. These capabilities provide the ability for law enforcement agencies to conduct “what if” analyses and make data-driven allocation decisions, placing officer resources where they are most needed. The two-step algorithm first identifies potential hot spots based on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">crash density and then ranks each hot spot using a standardized z-score </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">measure of relative significance. To test the viability of the tool, a pilot was conducted identifying 27 hot spots across Wisconsin where targeted enforcement was then deployed. Despite officer skepticism, results from the pilot found officers at sites targeted for speeding and seatbelt violations were nearly twice as likely to initiate traffic stops compared to non-targeted hot spots. Empirical Bayes before-and-after crash analyses found fatal and injury crashes reduced significantly by nearly 11% during the months with targeted enforcement, while property damage crashes and total crashes were unchanged. Overall, the results show the algorithm can identify hotspots where, coupled with targeted enforcement, traffic safety improvements can be made.展开更多
为了解国内外有关知识服务研究的整体状态、主要观点与发展趋向,本文以Web of Science核心合集和中国知网为来源,先以"知识服务"为关键词进行篇名检索,然后对发文量、研究领域与关键词进行分析。在此基础上,通过阅读高被引文...为了解国内外有关知识服务研究的整体状态、主要观点与发展趋向,本文以Web of Science核心合集和中国知网为来源,先以"知识服务"为关键词进行篇名检索,然后对发文量、研究领域与关键词进行分析。在此基础上,通过阅读高被引文献,总结已有研究在知识服务内涵、类型、模式、过程、技术与能力等方面的主要进展。最后,将大数据与知识服务结合,以计量分析和关键词共现分析为依据,进一步从大数据知识服务内涵与特征、大数据知识服务平台体系架构、支撑大数据知识服务技术等方面,对相关研究观点与趋向进行评述。展开更多
为了解近年国外临床数据挖掘领域的研究热点,以Web of Science收录的文献为研究对象,采用文献计量学方法对"最新高被引文献-施引文献"引文网络进行聚类和分析,总结出国外临床数据挖掘的研究热点,以期对我国相关领域研究有所...为了解近年国外临床数据挖掘领域的研究热点,以Web of Science收录的文献为研究对象,采用文献计量学方法对"最新高被引文献-施引文献"引文网络进行聚类和分析,总结出国外临床数据挖掘的研究热点,以期对我国相关领域研究有所借鉴。展开更多
文摘Law enforcement agencies have begun utilizing traffic and crash data to improve traffic law enforcement delivery. However, many agencies often do not have the resources or expertise to harness fully the benefits this data offers. A free to use, scalable traffic crash hot spot detection tool was developed to aid law enforcement agency decision makers, statewide to the local municipality level. The tool was developed to identify crash hot spots algorithmically with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a range of customizable parameters based on location, date and time, and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> crash factors, enabling quick, dynamic queries. These capabilities provide the ability for law enforcement agencies to conduct “what if” analyses and make data-driven allocation decisions, placing officer resources where they are most needed. The two-step algorithm first identifies potential hot spots based on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">crash density and then ranks each hot spot using a standardized z-score </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">measure of relative significance. To test the viability of the tool, a pilot was conducted identifying 27 hot spots across Wisconsin where targeted enforcement was then deployed. Despite officer skepticism, results from the pilot found officers at sites targeted for speeding and seatbelt violations were nearly twice as likely to initiate traffic stops compared to non-targeted hot spots. Empirical Bayes before-and-after crash analyses found fatal and injury crashes reduced significantly by nearly 11% during the months with targeted enforcement, while property damage crashes and total crashes were unchanged. Overall, the results show the algorithm can identify hotspots where, coupled with targeted enforcement, traffic safety improvements can be made.
文摘为了解国内外有关知识服务研究的整体状态、主要观点与发展趋向,本文以Web of Science核心合集和中国知网为来源,先以"知识服务"为关键词进行篇名检索,然后对发文量、研究领域与关键词进行分析。在此基础上,通过阅读高被引文献,总结已有研究在知识服务内涵、类型、模式、过程、技术与能力等方面的主要进展。最后,将大数据与知识服务结合,以计量分析和关键词共现分析为依据,进一步从大数据知识服务内涵与特征、大数据知识服务平台体系架构、支撑大数据知识服务技术等方面,对相关研究观点与趋向进行评述。