Microstructure Distribution Characteristics of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled Tubes during Multi-Passes Hot Power Backward Spinning Process

The microstructure of the thin-walled tubes with high-strength aluminum alloy determines their final forming quality and performance. This type of tube can be manufactured by multi-pass hot power backward spinning process as it can eliminate casting defects, refine microstructure and improve the plasticity of the tube. To analyze the microstructure distribution characteristics of the tube during the spinning process, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model coupled with the microstructure evolution model of the process was established under the ABAQUS environment. The microstructure evolution characteristics and laws of the tube for the whole spinning process were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization is mainly produced in the spinning deformation zone and root area of the tube. In the first pass, the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is not obvious in the tube. With the pass increasing, the trend of dynamic recrystallization volume percentage gradually increases and extends from the outer surface of the tube to the inner surface. The fine-grained area shows the states of concentration, dispersion, and re-concentration as the pass number increases. .

Application of Hot Forming High Strength Steel Parts on Car Body in Side Impact

Lightweight structure is an important method to increase vehicle fuel efficiency. High strength steel is applied for replacing mild steel in automotive structures to decrease thickness of parts for lightweight. However, the lightweight structures must show the improved capability for structural rigidity and crash energy absorption. Advanced high strength steels are attractive materials to achieve higher strength for energy absorption and reduce weight of vehicles. Currently, many research works focus on component level axial crash testing and simulation of high strength steels. However, the effects of high strength steel parts to the impact of auto body are not considered. The goal of this research is to study the application of hot forming high strength steel（HFHSS） in order to evaluate the potential using in vehicle design for lightweight and passive safety. The performance of HFHSS is investigated by using both experimental and analytical techniques. In particular, the focus is on HFHSS which may have potential to enhance the passive safety for lightweight auto body. Automotive components made of HFHSS and general high strength steel（GHSS） are considered in this study. The material characterization of HFHSS is carried out through material experiments. The finite element method, in conjunction with the validated model is used to simulate the side impact of a car with GHSS and HFHSS parts according to China New Car Assessment Programme（C-NCAP） crash test. The deformation and acceleration characteristics of car body are analyzed and the injuries of an occupant are calculated. The results from the simulation analyses of HFHSS are compared with those of GHSS. The comparison indicates that the HFHSS parts on car body enhance the passive safety for the lightweight car body in side impact. Parts of HFHSS reduce weight of vehicle through thinner thickness offering higher strength of parts. Passive safety of lightweight car body is improved through reduction of crash deformation on car body by the application of HFHSS parts. The experiments and simulation are conducted to the HFHSS parts on auto body. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the application of HFHSS materials on automotive components for improved capability of passive safety and lightweight.

Effect of hot-humid exposure on static strength of adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys

The effect of hot-humid exposure(i.e., 40 C and 98% R.H.) on the quasi-static strength of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys was studied. Test results show that the hot-humid exposure leads to the significant decrease in the joint strength and the change of the failure mode from a mixed cohesive and adhesive failure with cohesive failure being dominant to adhesive failure being dominant. Careful analyses of the results reveal that the physical bond is likely responsible for the bond adhesion between L adhesive and aluminum substrates. The reduction in joint strength and the change of the failure mode resulted from the degradation in bond adhesion, which was primarily attributed to the corrosion of aluminum substrate. In addition, the elevated temperature exposure significantly accelerated the corrosion reaction of aluminum, which accelerated the degradation in joint strength.

Interfacial bonding strength of Al-Pb bearing alloy strips and hot dip aluminized steel sheets by hot rolling

Al Pb alloy strips and hot dip aluminized steel sheets were successfully bonded together by hot rolling, and the interfacial bonding strengths after rolling was evaluated by a new method. The bonding modes were studied by optical and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X ray analysis, and the effects of the thickness of the intermetallic layers and the Si content in hot dip aluminized layers on the interfacial bonding strength were also investigated respectively. It is found that the hot dipped steel and Al Pb alloy are bonded through blank interface bonding and block interface bonding, and the total bonding strength mainly depends on that of blank interfaces and the fraction of blank interfaces. There is a linear relationship between the total bonding strength F and the fraction of blank interfaces K b. The bonding strength varies with the Si content in the hot dipped aluminized layers on the surface of steel sheets, the fraction of blank interfaces and the rotation of the intermetallic blocks. [

Research on welding technology of hot-rolled extra-high-strength steel developed by Baosteel

In this study, the welding technology of the hot-rolled extra-high-strength steel, BS960QC, has been comprehensively investigated. Analysis has been made on the weldability ,the different welding procedures ,the mechanical properties, and the fatigue properties, and a set of recommendation guidelines have been proposed for evaluating the welded joints of the extra-high-strength steel. The research and results indicate that the hot-rolled extra-high-strength steel, BS960QC,has good weldability and an excellent adaptability to welding procedures. Further,the excellent mechanical properties and fatigue properties of the welded joints ,which can be achieved by using optimized welding procedures, can completely meet the technical requirements of the construction machinery industry.

Microstructure design and feasibility of hot stamping for new generation high strength multi-phase steels

Optimization of microstructure for new generation advanced high strength steels(AHSS ) for automobiles was briefly reviewed.Two different heat treatments(quenching partitioning austempering/QPA and quenching partitioning tempering/QPT) have been investigated to obtain optimal microstructures,which are made up of martensite(hard phase),retained austenite(soft phase),and carbide or nano-bainite.Combination of hot stamping and newly developed heat treatments is discussed.

热挤压对快速凝固Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及性能的影响

采用单辊旋淬法制备了快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金,采用了SEM对其进行观察分析。结果表明,快速凝固能够极大细化Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金组织,抑制Si相及β-Fe相的析出长大,且组织的细化程度呈梯度分布。对快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg合金进行了不同工艺参数的热挤压实验。结果表明,粉末包套热挤压工艺能够使快速凝固Al-20Si-5Fe-Cu-Mg带材合金致密化,当挤压温度为400℃、挤压比为1∶16时,合金获得了较优异的力学性能,其屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到了456 MPa和805 MPa,压缩率为9.3%。

热压型煤成型条件优化试验研究方法

针对当前煤矿瓦斯动力学物理模拟试验中型煤材料存在低强度和高渗透率问题,建立了一套热压型煤成型条件优化试验研究方法。首先,自主研发了热压型煤试验系统,并对试验系统优势和今后改进方向进行了汇总,同时基于Horsfield致密堆积理论创建了型煤材料最优配制方案,最后形成了以马氏距离度量法和黄金分割法相结合的成型条件优化方法。为了验证试验方法的效果,通过控制成型温度为311.8℃、升温速率为5℃/min和保温时间为5.3 h,开展了不同成型压力条件下热压型煤试验研究,研究了不同成型压力条件下的热压型煤微观结构、物理力学特性和渗透特性等响应特征。结果表明:增加成型压力,总孔隙度逐渐减小,单轴抗压强度呈先增大后减少的变化趋势,破坏形式以块状剥落和纵向破裂为主,初始渗透率呈先减小后增大、最小渗透率则呈先减后增再减的变化趋势。以各成型条件的具体数值为试验点、热压型煤和原煤的关键参数为评价参量构建样本矩阵,计算各成型条件下热压型煤和原煤之间的马氏距离,再结合黄金分割法对试验区间进行优化求解,优化后的最佳成型压力为80 MPa,在此成型条件下制作的热压型煤密度、单轴抗压强度和初始渗透率分别为1.137 g/cm^(3)、12.21 MPa、1.32×10^(-15)m^(2),与原煤的1.132 g/cm^(3)、12.83 MPa、1.08×10^(-15)m^(2)相似性极高,达到了提高型煤强度、降低型煤渗透率的目的。

退火温度对淬火配分后热轧高强钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

将热轧高强钢升温至不同温度(780,810,840,870℃)保温退火600s后进行200℃×60s淬火+410℃×300s配分处理,研究了退火温度对其显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着退火温度升高,淬火配分后试验钢中铁素体和马奥岛含量减少,回火马氏体、残余奥氏体和贝氏体含量增加;随着退火温度升高,抗拉强度先减小后增大,屈服强度、断后伸长率、屈强比和冲击吸收功均先增大后减小;840℃退火温度下淬火配分后试验钢的强度、塑性和韧性匹配优异,抗拉强度(830MPa)较大,屈服强度(585MPa)、断后伸长率(39.6%)、屈强比(0.70)和冲击吸收功(-20,-40℃环境下分别为28.35,27.69kJ)最大。

长材轧机热轧钢筋类产品生产概述

结合国家标准对长材轧机热轧钢筋类产品的生产工艺、产品特点等进行解读,并介绍高强螺纹钢筋的几种生产工艺。可供工程技术人员、产品用户等理解各类热轧钢筋的生产工艺、产品特点等。

热压法制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷

以CaF_(2)作为α-Si_(3)N_(4)粉末的烧结助剂,同时充当多孔氮化硅陶瓷的造孔剂,采用热压烧结工艺在较低温度下制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷。研究烧结助剂的含量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷显气孔率、抗弯强度的影响,分析材料的组分并观察断口结构。结果表明:在温度1450℃,压力0.55T的条件下,当CaF_(2)添加量为6.0wt%时,多孔陶瓷的性能较为优异,其孔隙率为38.8%,α-Si_(3)N_(4)→β-Si_(3)N_(4)的相变程度为38.5%,抗弯强度为137.1 MPa。

功能性训练在医疗健康领域研究的新趋势与新动态

背景:功能性训练近些年在国内较为流行,但主要应用于运动训练领域,在医疗健康等方面研究及应用还存在不足。目的:通过对国际功能性训练在医疗健康领域的研究热点、思想动态、前沿以及未来发展趋势进行更加全面且深入的探索和解析,为体育、医疗健康等领域开展相关研究提供理论依据。方法:从Web of science核心集数据库导出2012-2022年功能性训练有关健康的2206篇高质量文献作为分析对象,结合文献分析法等研究方法,利用Citespace V分析软件对关键词、学科类别、高被引文献等进行可视化分析。结果与结论:①功能性训练在健康领域研究的发文量不断上升,美国发文量较多,影响力较大;中国发文量也较多,但影响力和研究深度欠缺;②提高中老年人身心健康和认知能力是主要热点,其次是预防运动员运动损伤和促进恢复;③未来会加大对青少年、残疾人等群体的研究,对运动员预防损伤和促进恢复会持续增多;④国内学者关于功能性训练对普通群众身体健康影响的有关研究甚少,应更多向提高普通群众身心健康方面聚焦。

2A12/6061异种铝合金TIG搭接接头的疲劳性能

对3 mm厚的2A12/6061异种铝合金板材进行搭接钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG),利用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、扫描电镜和疲劳实验机等对接头的疲劳性能进行分析。在实验结果的基础上,对搭接试样建立有限元模型,采用热点应力法预测接头的疲劳寿命,并与实验结果进行比较。结果表明:焊缝区组织为均匀的等轴晶,2A12侧焊缝与母材熔合较差,且与母材强度差异较大,导致2A12侧焊趾处更容易产生冶金缺陷和较大的应力梯度,进而加速疲劳裂纹的萌生;在不同载荷水平下,试件断裂位置均位于强度差异较大的2A12侧焊趾处,呈脆-塑性复合断裂特征,焊趾处冶金缺陷及焊缝局部强度差异为影响接头疲劳性能的主要因素。寿命预测结果表明:采用考虑板厚效应的热点应力法预测寿命准确,误差在两倍误差带内,采用IIW推荐的FAT40 S-N曲线是安全可靠的。

钢-PPUC组合正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能

为有效解决传统钢桥面病害,提出了钢-聚酯型聚氨酯(钢-PPUC)混凝土组合桥面板结构,开展了正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳性能研究。以马鞍山公铁两用大桥为工程背景,建立局部有限元模型,采用热点应力法获得车轮荷载作用下钢桥面易疲劳开裂部位的应力响应,基于疲劳应力幅进行疲劳强度评估。考虑不同温度、不同铺装层厚度和不同结构形式条件下PPUC铺装层对正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:高弹性模量的PPUC铺装层对正交异性钢桥面板典型疲劳细节处的应力具有明显的改善作用;顶板与纵肋连接部位疲劳细节应力幅降幅最大,顶板与纵肋连接处桥面板细节、纵肋与横隔板连接处纵肋细节和纵肋对接焊缝细节均满足抗疲劳开裂要求;不同温度作用下的弹性模量变化对典型疲劳细节等效应力幅的影响是非线性的,铺装层厚度变化对典型疲劳细节等效应力幅的影响是近似线性的;为兼顾正交异性钢桥面板受力性能和行车舒适性两方面要求,提出了单层和双层复合型PPUC结构形式,计算得到2种结构形式对各疲劳细节应力幅最大降幅为21%~56%,最小降幅为8%~36%,为钢-PPUC组合桥面板抗疲劳设计提供理论依据。

热挤压温度对6061铝合金栅格形零件组织性能的影响

以6061铝合金型材为研究对象,对其进行了不同热挤压温度的数值模拟,以确定其合适的热挤压温度,并在合适的热挤压温度下对其进行了热挤压成形;采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能材料试验机以及硬度仪等研究了热挤压温度对6061铝合金栅格形零件组织性能的影响,并确定其最佳的热挤压温度。结果表明:随着热挤压温度的升高,栅格形6061铝合金型材先发生再结晶,后发生晶粒长大,且合金中第二相Mg_(2)Si增多,合金的硬度总体呈上升趋势,抗拉强度先增加后略微减小。6061铝合金栅格形零件较佳的热挤压温度为460℃、挤压速度为6 mm/s,此时其抗拉强度为190.4 MPa,硬度为47.8 HV0.3、伸长率为11.7%。

高性能内燃机用滤纸的制备及其对性能的影响

采用高强高模聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维与针叶木浆混抄,制备具有力学性能高、疏水性好和透气性适当的内燃机用滤纸。通过探讨原纸制备工艺、树脂浸渍和热压工艺对滤纸性能的影响,确定试验条件下的最佳参数,并采用相关手段表征了滤纸的力学性能、热稳定性能、孔径大小以及疏水性能。结果表明:在试验条件下,当UHMWPE纤维与针叶木浆的质量比为8∶2、针叶木浆打浆度为22°SR、分散剂PEO和增强剂CPAM相对于绝干浆的质量分数分别为0.5%和0.1%、热压时间为15 min、热压压力为10 MPa、热压温度为140℃时,制备的内燃机用UHMWPE滤纸性能最佳,其中,滤纸抗张指数为50.28 N·m/g,耐破度为503.55 kPa,接触角为123.52°且1 min内不渗透,熔点提高至155℃。

复合材料热压-注塑一体成型技术综述

纤维增强的树脂基复合材料具有比强度较高、比模量较高、质量较轻等特点,在汽车、航天航空、建筑、新能源开发领域中得到广泛应用。在保证零部件使用性能及行驶安全性的前提下,开发汽车轻量化技术,实现整车减重是整个工业领域共同追求的目标。结合连续纤维增强的树脂基热压件与注塑件组合成型,提出了一种热压-注塑一体的成型新工艺。综述了纤维增强的热塑性树脂基复合材料热压-注塑一体成型技术的研究进展,简要介绍了一体成型工艺不同于传统两步成型法的优势与应用,详细阐述了热压-注塑一体成型关键技术的研究现状,最后,对热压-注塑一体成型技术的发展前景进行展望。

熔体直纺缝纫线用PA 66纤维生产工艺探讨

以质量分数为48.9%的尼龙66(PA 66)盐液为原料,采用连续聚合-熔体直纺工艺路线,在常规生产线上生产122 dtex/36 f缝纫线用PA 66纤维,重点讨论熔体黏度、缓冷器温度、侧吹风条件、上油率、拉伸倍数、热定形温度等对生产及产品质量的影响。结果表明:控制PA 66熔体相对黏度(83.0±2),缓冷器温度(285±2)℃,侧吹风速度0.2~0.3 m/s、温度22℃,纤维上油率(0.4±0.1)%,拉伸倍数(5.5±0.1),热定形温度(230±2)℃,生产过程稳定,可纺性好;在上述工艺条件下,生产的122 dtex/36 f缝纫线用PA 66纤维A级品率达88%以上,纤维断裂强度高达8.2 cN/dtex,干热收缩率低至3.9%,染色均匀度为3~4级,可满足缝纫线客户的用丝要求。

配煤结构与炼焦升温程序对焦炭质量的影响

在保持其他因素不变的情况下,将配煤结构和炼焦升温程序2个因素结合起来,设计了3组配煤与3组炼焦升温程序组合的9个方案进行40 kg试验焦炉炼焦试验研究。结果表明:不同的配煤方案采用相同的升温程序,所得焦炭的冷强度、热强度、平均粒度及显微结构组成不同,配煤质量好时,所得的焦炭质量也更优;同一配煤方案采用不同的升温程序,所得焦炭的冷热强度、平均粒度及显微组成不同;按恒温1000℃炼焦,虽然所得焦炭的抗碎强度M_(40)和平均粒度较低,耐磨强度M_(10)变化不大,但其热强度好,各向异性组分含量较高;随着煤样炼焦升温速度的提高,所得焦炭的平均粒度呈降低趋势;此外,采用适宜的炼焦升温程序,即使配煤结构差些,也可以得到质量较好的焦炭。

山西配洗焦煤的探究与配煤实践

主要介绍了一种山西配洗SXT焦煤,经小焦炉试验和生产验证,SXT焦煤大比例配入会导致焦炭质量明显下降,各批次的煤质质量波动很大。因此使用前要对其煤质进行全面检测,在配煤炼焦过程中,配比不宜超过6%,主要应用于捣固焦炉。