Prediction of wire transfer behaviors in laser hot wire welding

With preheating wire by resistance heat, laser hot wire welding improves process stability and wire deposition efficiency, which gives broad potential applications in sugracing and narrow gap welding. It is a critical issue to control the temperature of preheated wire in this process. The temperature which is so high that the wire fuses outside molten pool or so low that the wire cannot melt timely in the molten pool, results in poor wire transfer stability and bad weld formation. This paper is purposed to calculate the wire temperature for the prediction of wire transfer behavior under various welding parameters. A heat conduction model is set up. Heat sources of the wire include resistance heat and reflected laser, and the heat source of molten pool is laser. The calculated temperature of wire part outside the molten pool is verified by infrared ratio temperature measurement. The calculated temperature of wire part in the molten pool is verified by measurement of the molten pool size. Analyzing the wire temperature and welding process observed by the high speed video imaging, the temperature criteria of wire transfer behaviors are obtained. Thus, numerical simulation of the wire temperature can be used to predict wire transfer behaviors in laser hot wire welding.

Process improvement in laser hot wire cladding for martensitic stainless steel based on the Taguchi method

Laser hot wire cladding, with the prominent features of low heat input, high energy efficiency, and high precision, is widely used for remanufacturing metal parts. The cladding process, however, needs to be improved by using a quantitative method. In this work, volumetric defect ratio was proposed as the criterion to describe the integrity of forming quality for cladding layers. Laser deposition experiments with FV520B, one of martensitic stainless steels, were designed by using the Taguchi method. Four process variables, namely, laser power （P）, scanning speed （Vs）, wire feed rate （Vf）, and wire current （/）, were optimized based on the analysis of signal-to-noise （S/N） ratio. Metallurgic observation of cladding layer was conducted to compare the forming quality and to validate the analysis method. A stable and continuous process with the optimum parameter combination produced uniform microstructure with minimal defects and cracks, which resulted in a good metallurgical bonding interface.

Effects of Hot Wire Temperature on Properties of GeSi:H Films with High Hydrogen Dilution by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition

GeSi:H films are prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition(CVD) with high hydrogen dilution, DH=98%. Effects of hot wire temperature(Tw) on deposition rate, structural properties and bandgap of GeSi:H films are studied with surface profilemeter, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. It is found that the deposition rate(Rd) goes up with increasing of Tw, but increasing rate of Rd declines when Tw≥1 550 ℃. High Tw is beneficial to the formation of Ge-Si, but it has little effect on relative contents of the hydrogen bonds(Ge-H, Si-H, etc.) in the films. In the Tw range of 1 400-1 850 ℃, the maximum bandgap of the GeSi:H films is 1.39 eV at Tw =1 450 ℃ and the band gap decreases with Tw increasing when Tw≥1 450 ℃.

DATA PROCESSING ON LINEARIZATION OF HOT-WIRE ANEMOMETER

A method of data processing to determine the coefficients of linearization equations for 1050 anemometer (produced by Thermo-Systems Inc. -TSI, USA) with the sensors made of domestic hot wire using the program preferred in this Paper is described. By calculation and test, it is indicated that the error resulting from this method is about 0. 5% of the full scale and less than TSl's. By using this method we can set up the calibration curve according to the measurement range and the diameter of the hot wire at a certain accuracy.

Effect of hydrogen on low temperature epitaxial growth of polycrystalline silicon by hot wire chemical vapor deposition

Polycrystalline silicon （poly-Si） films were prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition （HWCVD） at a low substrate temperature of 525 ℃. The influence of hydrogen on the epitaxial growth of ploy-Si films was investigated. Raman spectra show that the poly-Si films are fully crystallized at 525 ℃ with a different hydrogen dilution ratio （50%-91.7%）. X-ray diffraction, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and SEM images show that the poly-Si thin films present （100） preferred orientation on （100） c-Si substrate in the high hydrogen dilution condition. The P-type poly-Si film prepared with a hydrogen dilution ratio of 91.7% shows a hall mobility of 8.78 cm2/（V-s） with a carrier concentration of 1.3 × 10^20 cm^-3, which indicates that the epitaxial poly-Si film prepared by HWCVD has the possibility to be used in photovoltaic and TFT devices.

An Adaptive Response Compensation Technique for the Constant-Current Hot-Wire Anemometer

An adaptive response compensation technique has been proposed to compensate for the response lag of the constant-current hot-wire anemometer (CCA) by taking advantage of digital signal processing technology. First, we have developed a simple response compensation scheme based on a precise theoretical expression for the frequency response of the CCA (Kaifuku et al. 2010, 2011), and verified its effectiveness experimentally for hot-wires of 5 μm, 10 μm and 20 μm in diameter. Then, another novel technique based on a two-sensor probe technique—originally developed for the response compensation of fine-wire thermocouples (Tagawa and Ohta 1997;Tagawa et al. 1998)—has been proposed for estimating thermal time-constants of hot-wires to realize the in-situ response compensation of the CCA. To demonstrate the usefulness of the CCA, we have applied the response compensation schemes to multipoint velocity measure- ment of a turbulent wake flow formed behind a circular cylinder by using a CCA probe consisting of 16 hot-wires, which were driven simultaneously by a very simple constant-current circuit. As a result, the proposed response compensation techniques for the CCA work quite successfully and are capable of improving the response speed of the CCA to obtain reliable measurements comparable to those by the commercially-available constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer (CTA).

An experimental investigation of wire electrical discharge machining of hot-pressed boron carbide

The present work discusses the experimental study on wire-cut electric discharge machining of hot-pressed boron carbide.The effects of machining parameters,such as pulse on time(TON),peak current(IP),flushing pressure(FP) and spark voltage on material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(R_a) of the material,have been evaluated.These parameters are found to have an effect on the surface integrity of boron carbide machined samples.Wear rate of brass wire increases with rise in input energy in machining of hot-pressed boron carbide.The surfaces of machined samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The influence of machining parameters on mechanism of MRR and R_a was described.It was demonstrated that higher TON and peak current deteriorate the surface finish of boron carbide samples and result in the formation of large craters,debris and micro cracks.The generation of spherical particles was noticed and it was attributed to surface tension of molten material.Macro-ridges were also observed on the surface due to protrusion of molten material at higher discharge energy levels.

Study of Hygrothermal Behavior of Bio-Sourced Material Treated Ecologically for Improving Thermal Performance of Buildings

Creating sustainable cities is the only way to live in a clean environment,and this problem can be solved by using bio-sourced and recycled materials.For this purpose,the authors contribute to the valuation of sheep wool waste as an eco-friendly material to be used in insulation.The paper investigates the thermal,hygrothermal,and biological aspects of sheep wool by testing a traditional treatment.The biological method of aerobic mesophilicflora has been applied.Fluorescence X was used to determine the chemical composition of the materials used.Also,thermal characterization has been conducted.The thermal conductivity is above 0.046(W·m^(-1)·K^(-1))and the thermal diffusivity is 1.56.10^(-6) m^(2)·s^(-1).Besides,the energy efficiency of using sheep wool in buildings was studied.Furthermore,its humidity behavior was evaluated in different aspects in both winter and summer.Results of biological analyses show the efficiency of the treatment by removing the majority of the microorgan-isms:the value of yeast and mildew was reduced from 38.10^(2) to 2.10^(2)(UFC·g^(-1)).In addition to that,sheep wool permits obtaining a low thermal transmittance on the scale of the walls and low cooling needs on the scale of the building with a gain of 45%and 52%,respectively.

亚声速可压缩流场叶片边界层热线测速方法研究

为了能够开发一种简单有效的亚声速可压缩流场叶片边界层速度测量方法,从而为叶型设计和相关数值研究工作提供支撑,本文围绕热线风速测量技术,针对可压缩流场密度变化对热线标定结果的影响,以及实际测量中速度、密度耦合而无法直接获取的问题,通过理论分析,提出了适用于边界层测量的恒定压力热线标定方法和引入叶表稳态静压进行速度解耦的方法,并对所提出方法的主要误差进行了分析评估。在此基础上进行了热线标定和边界层速度测量试验验证,明确了恒定压力热线标定数学模型系数随压力的线性变化规律,同时针对温度非线性影响提出了一种基于过热比调整的修正方法,该方法能够将约13℃的温度偏差对热线电压的影响降低到1%以内,进一步简化了恒定压力热线标定流程,结合基于叶表稳态静压的速度解耦方法,为亚声速可压缩流场叶片边界层瞬态速度测量提供了一种简单可行的高频响测速方法。

BDD电极对苯酚降解氧化的试验研究

基于掺硼金刚石(BDD)电极的电化学高级氧化技术是解决难降解有机污染物的有效方法之一。通过热丝化学气相沉积法(Hot Filament CVD,HFCVD)结合动态掺硼工艺,在WC-Co衬底上成功合成了BDD薄膜。在此基础上,利用已制备的WC-Co/BDD电极,以苯酚为目标污染物,探究了不同电流密度、电解质浓度、pH值、苯酚初始浓度对其降解效率的影响。试验结果显示,在电流密度为0.03 A/cm^(2),电解质为1.5 g/L Na_(2)SO_(4)的条件下,无论是在酸性还是碱性环境中,对于质量浓度为1000 mg/L的苯酚溶液,3 h内COD的去除率均达到95%;对于质量浓度低于500 mg/L的苯酚溶液,其COD去除率在相同时间内均接近100%。基于WC-Co/BDD电极的电化学高级氧化技术对苯酚的矿化效果极为显著。

70^(#)钢热轧盘条拉拔断裂的原因分析

70^(#)钢热轧盘条用于拉拔加工成多种钢丝产品,因此要求其具有良好的拉伸性能。但是,在实际生产中,某些因素通常会导致70^(#)钢热轧盘条抗拉强度降低,在拉拔过程中发生断裂,严重影响其产品质量,造成了巨大的经济损失。针对70^(#)钢热轧盘条在使用过程中出现拉拔断裂的问题,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)等检测设备分别从断裂试样的形貌、组织、成分等方面分析了拉拔断裂的原因。结果表明,在盘条中心处存在缩孔和疏松是造成拉拔断裂的主要原因。对连铸轻压下技术进行了优化,通过调整压下区间和压下量,提高了连铸坯的内部质量,消除了盘条中的缩孔和疏松,有效减少了盘条拉拔断裂现象。本研究为行业内相似问题的探究和解决提供了参考。

薄镀层热成形钢激光填丝焊的焊缝特征及性能

为降低镀覆在钢板表面的铝硅镀层对激光接头的不利影响,采用薄镀层热成形钢材料配合激光填丝焊技术,获得了焊缝内铝质量分数小于1%的激光填丝焊接头。对该接头进行了宏观及微观组织分析,发现热成形后焊接接头组织被全马氏体组织取代,避免了软化现象。力学性能分析表明,热成形前后试样的抗拉强度从约570 MPa提高到约1 500 MPa,接头的薄弱环节位于母材,高速拉伸对接头的抗拉强度没有不良影响,而断裂伸长率受影响较大。

CMOS红外光源的设计与实现

基于红外气体传感器微型化、低成本和低功耗的发展需要,设计了一种用于非色散红外(NDIR)集成气体传感器的互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)红外光源。它以非等间隔的蛇形钨(W)薄膜电阻作为加热丝,以二氧化硅(SiO_(2))和氮化硅(Si_(3)N_(4))多层复合介质薄膜为支撑形成悬空膜片式微热板,以氧化铜(CuO)和二氧化锰(MnO_(2))纳米材料复合薄膜作为辐射增强层。基于COMSOL软件进行了热电耦合仿真,证明结构设计合理性。采用标准CMOS工艺、硅(Si)的深刻蚀工艺以及静电流体动力学打印技术流片制造了该CMOS红外光源芯片。性能测试结果表明:该红外光源从室温升温至469℃的热响应时间约为41 ms,电功耗仅为138 mW,辐射区温度分布均匀,引入辐射增强层使表面比辐射率提高约35%,红外光源的辐射功率和红外光谱辐射强度测试结果表明:该涂层有效地增强了红外辐射。

大熔覆速率TIG焊研究现状与展望

TIG焊具有焊接电弧稳定,焊缝成形美观,焊接过程无飞溅等优点,但也存在熔覆速率低的缺点。本文总结了热丝TIG焊、TOP-TIG焊、TIP-TIG焊、双钨极TIG焊、窄间隙TIG焊等几种提高TIG焊熔覆速率的高效TIG焊接方法,归纳了这几种大熔覆速率TIG焊接方法存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向。

热轧钢筋表面红锈生成机理分析

受当前钢材市场经营状况下行影响,钢铁企业广泛采用合金优化来降低生产成本,这使得钢材生产时在其表面生成红锈,影响钢材表面质量。针对此现状,重点对热轧盘条表面红锈生成机理进行分析,并提出改进措施,为低合金成本下避免钢材表面红锈生成提供理论依据。

热轧线材表面缺陷的图像纹理分析及其缺陷机制探究

热轧线材是金属材料加工中广泛应用的一种形式,其表面质量直接影响最终产品的性能和质量。针对常见的热轧线材表面缺陷,明确不同类型缺陷的特征及其对产品性能的影响。在热轧线材表面缺陷分析中采用的图像处理技术和算法,揭示工艺参数对表面缺陷的影响以及纹理特征与缺陷形成的关联性,为热轧线材表面质量控制提供理论支持。

基于FBG测温原理的风速传感器研究

针对目前矿用风速传感器安全性能差、易受环境干扰、量程小、难以监测微风速等问题,设计一种光纤热线式风速传感器。测试结果证明,该传感器针对低风速的灵敏度更高,风速在0~0.57 m/s时,分辨率最高可达0.7 mm/s,灵敏度可达1370 pm/(m/s);随着风速的升高,传感器响应时间在降低,波长动态区域也在升高。该传感器能够适应矿井恶劣环境,具有较好的稳定性、可靠性及高灵敏度,监测监控值可以很好地反映出矿井现场风速变化情况。

不锈钢水池热丝TIG自动焊技术的应用

不锈钢水池是储存放射性介质的重要设施。传统工艺采用手工钨极氩弧焊进行不锈钢覆面焊接,存在人员投入大、施工效率低、质量稳定性差等不足。经调研分析,热丝TIG自动焊是在传统TIG焊基础上发展的一种优质、高效、稳定、节能的焊接工艺,结合热丝TIG自动焊工艺特点采取部分加工控制措施可以很好地解决这些问题。通过某项目不锈钢水池热丝TIG自动焊技术的应用,总结分析了热丝TIG自动焊的实施效果,阐述了热丝TIG自动焊技术应用的控制要点。