Effect of Rare Earth Composite Modification on Microstructure and Properties of a New Cast Hot-Work Die Steel

The effects of RE modification on structure and the properties of a new cast hot work die (CHD) steel were investigated. The grains of the CHD steel are refined by RE modification. With the increase of RE addition, both grain size and inclusion amount are reduced. Appropriate amount of RE results in decrease in inclusion amount and formation of spheroidal inclusions uniformly-distributed in steel, so that the morphology and distribution of inclusions are improved. RE composite modification favors the formation of bainite, austenite and fine lath martensite with dense dislocation. When the residual RE content reaches 0.02%, no obvious changes in strength and hardness are found, while fracture toughness and threshold of fatigue crack growth are increased. The impact toughness, elongation and reduction of cross sectional area are increased by a factor of two, and thermal fatigue resistance is also improved.

Development and application of a new hot-work die steel for hot stamping

A new hot-work die steel for hot stamping was developed, and used the die for mass production. The produced die showed good performance owing to its high heat conductivity and wear-resistant characteristics. Two different benchmarking hot-work die steels were investigated, and then compared in terms of their impact ductility, temper characteristics ,heat conductivity, and thermal stability. The result of the high-temperature friction wear test indicated that oxidative wear was the main mode in high temperature. On the basis of the comparison and test results, the alloying composition of the new hot-work die steel was especially designed. The new die steel showed good performance with good wear-resistant quality, as well as temper hardness and heat conductivity of HRC 50 and 34.3 W/（ m ~ K）, respectively. Furthermore, without surface plasma nitriding, the die made of the new steel had no obvious galling with 6 142 strokes. After surface plasma nitriding, the die completed 40 000 strokes with good surface. The die life is expected to exceed 200 000 strokes.

“三创五育”背景下“双一流”高校本科人才培养的DIE模式初探及评价

针对新时代背景下“双一流”高校人才培养的发展需求,在“三创五育”理念指导下,解析基于产学研合作理论引入的DIE模式的内涵,系统阐述了DIE理念贯彻下的教学系统设计并付诸实践,旨在打破教学系、研究所、企业之间的壁垒,为学生学习、实践提供更多样化的渠道。问卷调查结果表明DIE模式在本科生团队协作、学术创造、自信心树立等方面有切实作用,为培养全面发展的高素质本科人才提供了参考。

Compression properties of cost-efficient porous expanded clay reinforced AA7075 syntactic foams fabricated by industrial-oriented die casting technology

In today’s manufacturing industries,hard competition between rival firms makes it compulsory for researchers to design lighter and cheaper machine components due to the megatrends of cost-effectiveness and anti-pollution.At this point,aluminum syntactic foams(ASFs)are new-generation engineering composites and come into the upfront as a problem-solver.Owing to their features like low density,sufficient elongation,and perfect energy absorption ability,these advanced foams have been considerably seductive for many industrial sectors nowadays.In this study,an industrial-oriented automatic die casting technology was used for the first time to manufacture the combination of AA7075/porous expanded clay(PEC).Micro evaluations(optical and FESEM)reveal that there is a homogenous particle distribution in the foam samples,and inspections are compatible with the other ASF studies.Additionally,T6 aging heat treatment was operated on one half of the produced foams to explore the probable impact of aging on the compressive responses.Attained results show that PEC particles can be an alternative to expensive hollow spheres used in the previous works.Besides,a favorable relationship is ascertained between the aging treatment and mechanical properties such as compression strength and plateau strength.

Effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal,porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy

The effect of slow shot speed on externally solidified crystal(ESC),porosity and tensile property in a newly developed high-pressure die-cast Al-Si alloy was investigated by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and laboratory computed tomography(CT).Results showed that the newly developed AlSi9MnMoV alloy exhibited improved mechanical properties when compared to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.The AlSi9MnMoV alloy,which was designed with trace multicomponent additions,displays a notable grain refining effect in comparison to the AlSi10MnMg alloy.Refining elements Ti,Zr,V,Nb,B promote heterogeneous nucleation and reduce the grain size of primaryα-Al.At a lower slow shot speed,the large ESCs are easier to form and gather,developing into the dendrite net and net-shrinkage.With an increase in slow shot speed,the size and number of ESCs and porosities significantly reduce.In addition,the distribution of ESCs is more dispersed and the net-shrinkage disappears.The tensile property is greatly improved by adopting a higher slow shot speed.The ultimate tensile strength is enhanced from 260.31 MPa to 290.31 MPa(increased by 11.52%),and the elongation is enhanced from 3.72%to 6.34%(increased by 70.52%).

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of 55NiCrMoV7 hot-work die steel during quenching and tempering treatments

55NiCrMoV7 hot-work die steel is mainly used to manufacture heavy forgings in the fields of aerospace and automobile.This study aims to clarify the effects of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the steel,in order to find out an optimal heat treatment scheme to obtain an excellent balance of strength,ductility and toughness.The steel was quenched at temperature from 790℃ to 910℃ followed by tempering treatments of 100–650℃ for 5 h.The mechanical property tests were carried out by tensile,impact toughness and hardness.Optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM)were used to observe the austenite grains,lath martensite,carbides and fracture morphology.The results show that the quenching temperature mainly influences the austenite grain size and the volume fraction of undissolved carbides(UCs),while the tempering temperature mainly influences the size and morphology of the martensite with a body centered cubic(BCC)and the carbides with a face centered cubic(FCC).The mechanical properties of the steel,including yield and tensile strength,ductility,impact toughness and hardness,get an excellent balance at a quenching range of 850–870C.As the tempering temperature increases,the yield and tensile strength and hardness decrease,while the ductility and impact toughness increase.These variation trends can be further verified by fracture SEM observation and analysis.Combined with a macro-micro coupled finite element(MMFE)modeling technique,the cooling rate,microstructural evolution and yield strength of the steel were predicted and compared with the tested data.

语义构建中的认知识解因素——以die of X和die from X为个案

语义构建离不开认知识解因素。die of和die from可以与同样的表达式搭配,即die of X和die from X。就规约意义而言,die of X通常表达客观的、直接的原因,而die from X通常表达客观的、间接的原因。但在die of X和die from X语义构建过程中,通过认知识解,客观的、直接的原因会被识解为主观的、间接原因,客观的、间接的原因会被构建为主观的、直接的原因。

一种面向IO Die的敏捷验证方法

IO Die可以用做IO扩展芯片,也可作为芯粒(chiplet)复用于多个项目。提出一种面向IO Die的敏捷验证方法,验证平台包括子系统级、簇级、全片级3个层次,可实现测试激励的跨层次复用;针对各验证层次的测试激励的自动生成方式进行优化,分别采用覆盖率驱动、可配置约束产生、多目标优化策略,提高测试激励的生成效率。实验结果表明,该方法在保证效率和可靠性的前提下,可以降低验证成本,缩短验证时间,快速获得已知合格裸片KGD。

APPLICATION OF RARE EARTH IN SURFACE HEAT TREATMENT OF HOT-WORKING DIE STEELS

This paper studies a compound treatment. i. e. liquid S , N,C co-diffusing with rare earth (RE) and then oxidization , for hot-working die steels , and the effect of RE on thermal fatigue behavior of the diffused layer. XRD and SEM energy spectrum prove that trace RE element actually penetrates into the surface layer of steels. The result shows that RE can reduce the gradient of change of hardness in diffused layer, improve the morphology and distribution of compounds , and reduce the degree of surface alligator crack for thermal fatigue. The behavior of thermal fatigue of hot-working die steels is raised by 70% or so after the application of RE. The effect of RE is analysed according to the theory.

CYCLIC SOFTENING IN HOT-WORKING DIE STEELS DURING LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE

The characteristics and microstructural changes of cyclic softening in hot-working die steels 5CrNiMo and 5Cr2NiMoVSi were studied under strain controlled low-cycle fatigue.The re- sults show that the cyclic softening is featured in both steels hardened in different conditions under the strain controlled amplitude range of Δε_t/2=0.6-1.8×10^(-2).The softening effect mainly occurs in some initial cycles and the stress amplitude varies slightly in the sequential cycles,i.e.the softening effect is minified.No obvious stress saturation phenomenon was ob- served during the whole cyclic deformation.The TEM analysis shows that the cyclic softening is related to heterogenity of plastic deformation.The softening of the tested steels is caused by the formation of the dislocation cell structure with low density and low internal stress,and by the fragmentation and redissolution of fine carbides into matrix.

Effects of magnesium and copper additions on tensile properties of Al-Si-Cr die casting alloy under as-cast and T5 conditions

Aluminum high pressure die casting(HPDC)technology has evolved in the past decades,enabling stronger and larger one-piece casting with significant part consolidation.It also offers a higher design freedom for more mass-efficient thin-walled body structures.For body structures that require excellent ductility and fracture toughness to be joined with steel sheet via self-piercing riveting(for instance,shock towers and hinge pillars,etc.),a costly T7 heat treatment comprising a solution heat treatment at elevated temperatures(450℃-500℃)followed by an over-ageing heat treatment is needed to optimize microstructure for meeting product requirement.To enable cost-efficient mass production of HPDC body structures,it is important to eliminate the expensive T7 heat treatment without sacrificing mechanical properties.Optimizing die cast alloy chemistry is a potential solution to improve fracture toughness and ductility of the HPDC components.The present study intends to tailor the Mg and Cu additions for a new Al-Si-Cr type die casting alloy(registered as A379 with The Aluminum Association,USA)to achieve the desired tensile properties without using T7 heat treatment.It was found that Cu addition should be avoided,as it is not effective in enhancing strength while degrades tensile ductility.Mg addition is very effective in improving strength and has minor impact on tensile ductility.The investigated Al-Si-Cr alloy with a nominal composition of Al-8.5wt.%Si-0.3wt.%Cr-0.2wt.%Fe shows comparable tensile properties with the T7 treated AlSi10MnMg alloy which is currently used for manufacturing shock towers and hinge pillars.

Henry入路蝶形钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折

目的:探讨Henry入路蝶形钢板切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2018年1月至2021年6月采用Henry手术入路切开复位内固定治疗的26例桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折患者,男14例,女12例;年龄20~75(44.2±3.4)岁。观察术后并发症情况,术后12个月采用Gartland-Werley评分标准进行腕关节功能评价。结果:26例患者均获得随访,时间10~18(13.4±0.8)个月。所有骨折均获得骨性愈合,时间8.5~15.8(11.4±0.5)周。所有患者手术切口都Ⅰ期愈合,无伤口感染、血管神经损伤及内固定失效等病例。术后12个月GarthndWerley评分(3.65±0.36)分,优16例,良8例,可2例。结论:通过掌侧Henry入路,使用蝶形钢板切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折,可获得满意的临床疗效。

“新理念荟萃”还是“伪科学集腋”?——德国音乐期刊《序列》(die Reihe)探赜

《序列》(dieReihe)是20世纪五六十年代具有国际影响力的德语音乐学术期刊。该刊汇集了20世纪中叶西方诸多杰出作曲家、音乐理论家与科学家的亲笔文稿,具有重要研究意义和价值。1957年《序列》英文版发行以降,引起了西方音乐界和科学界的广泛热议,其中包含许多针对《序列》“伪科学”性质的批评与指责。虽然《序列》存在行文晦涩、概念误用、英文错译与欠乏规范等问题,但该刊凝聚了鲜明的前沿意识以及丰富而深刻的理论洞见,其价值及意义无可非议。

铸造增压压力对汽车用AlSi9Mg铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过改变低压铸造过程中不同增压压力来研究其对AlSi9Mg合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在高增压压力制备的AlSi9Mg合金样品具有更加致密的显微组织及更接近球形的共晶Si颗粒。同时,由于具有更好的填充能力,高增压压力下合金的气孔缺陷大大减少,合金具有更优异的力学性能。在90、150、210 kPa3种不同级别的增压压力下,晶粒尺寸呈逐渐减小的趋势,对应的合金晶粒尺寸和二次枝晶臂间距分别为246、197、149μm,44.9、37.3、31.1μm;3种增压压力对应的密度和孔隙率分别为2.656、2.659、2.674 g/cm^(3),0.96%、0.79%、0.38%;AlSi9Mg合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为238.76、174.68 MPa和3.14%;252.43、177.47 MPa和4.61%;256.10、178.81 MPa和6.85%,分别提高了7.26%、2.36%、118.15%。

钛合金薄壁构件快速加热冷模热冲压成形技术进展

为了解决钛合金薄壁构件热成形效率低、成本高、组织性能控制难度大等问题,近年来钛合金冷模热冲压成形技术受到关注。在该新技术中利用室温模具对加热后的钛合金板材进行快速冲压成形和模内快速冷却,由于取消了模具加热,可以变革性地提高钛合金薄壁构件成形效率、降低成本。然而,与传统等温成形不同,在冷模热冲压成形过程中,钛合金板材温度不断下降,这对钛合金成形极限、回弹及组织性能等的控制提出了全新的挑战。分析了钛合金薄壁构件冷模热冲压成形技术特点及存在的问题,归纳了快速加热对钛合金组织性能的影响规律,综述了钛合金薄壁构件快速加热冷模热冲压成形工艺进展,最后对该技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。

4Cr5MoSiV1热作模具钢循环渗氮及热疲劳行为研究

针对4Cr5MoSiV1热作模具钢在使用过程中经受熔融铝液及冷却液的循环冲击,在热应力作用下容易产生热疲劳失效的问题。采用可控循环气体渗氮的方法分别在回火态和热疲劳态模具钢表面制备无铁氮化合物和有化合物的渗层,进行热疲劳性能测试。结果表明:循环渗氮制备的无化合物的渗层可以有效延缓热疲劳裂纹的萌生,抗热疲劳性能优于有化合物的渗层。同时,在裂纹产生前进行二次渗氮可以补充氮原子,重置压应力并增加硬度,进一步提升热疲劳抗性。

热作模具钢磨损性能的研究现状

磨损是热作模具的主要失效形式之一,了解材料磨损机理和开发改善材料磨损性能的方法对提高模具寿命具有重要意义。本文对热作模具钢磨损性能的研究现状进行了阐述,对影响磨损性能的因素和改善磨损性能的方法进行了探讨和总结,并对热作模具钢磨损性能的研究趋势进行了展望。

某电机齿轮冷挤压裂纹形成机理研究

针对材料为20Cr的某电机齿轮在冷挤压成形时内齿齿顶面上出现的裂纹缺陷,基于DEFORM-3D对其冷挤压过程进行了模拟,研究了其裂纹形成机理。有限元结果表明,内齿的金属流动速度小于中部及下部外齿的流动速度,内齿齿顶面上齿根处的金属流动速度最小,此处流动最不均匀,易产生应力集中;对齿面的最大主应力及损伤分布进行了分析,得出在内齿齿顶面上,中部及距离下端面1 mm左右的位置应力集中最明显,拉应力较大且大于材料抗拉强度,损伤值也较大且大于临界损伤值,会产生裂纹,与实际情况相符合。通过改变凹模入模角来控制成形缺陷情况,当凹模入模角为23°时,齿根处拉应力下降,损伤值减小,投入生产后次品率从原本的50%降为1%。

铝车轮铸造模具水冷界面换热系数反算求解

铝车轮低压铸造过程中,模具温度场是影响铝液凝固的重要因素。水冷作为铸造模具的主要冷却方式,对模具温度场的影响机理仍不明晰,有待深入研究。本文以铝车轮铸造模具的边模水冷模块为研究对象,设计水冷降温实验并采集水冷过程中的模具温度数据。通过ProCAST及ANSYS分析冷却水流动状态,以实测温度数据为基础进行软件反求解,基于Beck非线性估算法,建立界面换热数值模型。通过对比分析两种界面换热系数求解方式,并正向求解以验证两种求解方式的准确性,以期为铝车轮低压铸造模拟验证提供数据支撑,有望获取冷却水与模具的真实换热系数,并揭示其传热行为和换热机理。

反向铜挤压机模具智能修整方法

针对目前反向铜挤压机实现修模自动化的难点是修模装置无法自适应不同的模具,提出了一种自适应智能修模系统。该系统由模具旋转定位装置和自适应修模器组成,模具经旋转定位后,自适应修模器的磨刷在电机带动下旋转并伸入模孔进行打磨,没有模孔位置的磨刷杆在模具端面被弹回,从而实现对不同模孔数模具的自适应修整。同时,为更好的自动化、智能化模具修整,基于机器人自学习修模工艺及机器人示教技术,构建自适应修模器的数字化平台,机器人通过读取主机录入数据或利用视觉识别技术获取模具数据,根据机身姿态、夹具更换/夹持状态、模具状态等,设定工艺及算法进行修模,实现对不同规格模具修整的自适应。该系统已成功应用于2台设备上判别挤压筒和模具的清理及润滑效果,实施效果良好。