Potential antibacterial activity of berberine against multi drug resistant enterovirulent Escherichia coli isolated from yaks(Poephagus grunniens) with haemorrhagic diarrhoea

Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine,a plant alkaloid.Methods:Five multi-drug resistant（MDR） STEC/EPEC and five MDR ETEC isolates from yaks with haemorrhagic diarrhoea were selected for the study.Antibacterial activity of berberine was evaluated by broth dilution and disc diffusion methods.The binding kinetics of berberine to DNA and protein was also enumerated.Results:For both categories of enterovirulent Escherichia coli（E.roli） isolates, berberine displayed the antibaclerial effect in a dose dependent manner.The MIC50 of berberine chloride for STEC/EPEC isolates varied from 2.07μM to 3.6μM with a mean of（2.95±0.33）μM where as for ETEC strains it varied from 1.75 to 1.96μM with a mean of（1.87±0.03）μM. Berberine bind more tightly with double helix DNA with Bmax and Kd of（24.68±2.62） and（357.8±57.8）,respectively.Berberine reacted with protein in comparatively loose manner with Bmax and Kd of（18.9±3.83） and 【286.2±113.6),respectively.Conclusions:The results indicate clearly that berberine may serve as a good antibacterial against multi drug resistant E.coli.

Comparison of rumen archaeal diversity in adult and elderly yaks(Bos grunniens)using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing

This study was conducted to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of archaea in the rumen of adult and elderly yaks. Six domesticated female yaks, 3 adult yaks （（5.3±0.6） years old）, and 3 elderly yaks （（10.7±0.6） years old）, were used for the rumen contents collection. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to examine the archaeal composition of rumen contents. A total of 92 901 high-quality archaeal sequences were analyzed, and these were assigned to 2 033 operational taxonomic units （OTUs）. Among these, 974 OTUs were unique to adult yaks while 846 OTUs were unique to elderly yaks; 213 OTUs were shared by both groups. At the phylum level, more than 99% of the obtained OTUs belonged to the Euryarchaeota phylum. At the genus level, the archaea could be divided into 7 archaeal genera. The 7 genera （i.e., Methanobrevibacter, Methanobacterium, Methanosphaera, Thermogymnomonas, Methanomicrobiu, Meth- animicrococcus and the unclassified genus） were shared by all yaks, and their total abundance accounted for 99% of the rumen archaea. The most abundant archaea in elderly and adult yaks were Methanobrevibacterand Thermogymnomonas, respectively. The abundance of Methanobacteria （class）, Methanobacteriales （order）, Methanobacteriaceae （family）, and Methanobrevibacter （genus） in elderly yaks was significantly higher than in adult yaks. In contrast, the abundance of Ther-mogymnomonas in elderly yaks was 34% lower than in adult yaks, though the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in abundance of other archaea was not significant between the two groups. These results suggested that the structure of archaea in the rumen of yaks changed with age. This is the first study to compare the phytogenetic differences of rumen archaeal structure and composition using the yak model.

Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Treatment on Mineral Metabolism in Grazing Yaks

To assess the impact of N fertilization on contents of mineral elements in herbage and the effect of increased forage S on the copper metabolism of grazing yaks, study was conducted during the summer grazing season （2005, 2006, and 2007）. Pasture replicates （20 ha; n=3 per treatment） received the same fertilizer treatment in each growing season, consisting of i） 90 kg N ha^-1 from quickly available nitrogen, ii） 90 kg N ha^-1 from ammonium nitrate, iii） 90 kg N ha^-1 from ammonium sulfate, and iv） control （no fertilizer）. Forage sampling was collected at 60 days intervals following fertilization （10 samples per pasture） for Cu, Mo, Mn, Se, Fe, Zn, Ca, and P. To determine the effect of fertilizer treatment on mineral metabolism in grazing yaks, liver and blood samples were collected at the start and end of the study period in 2005, 2006, and 2007. Ammonium sulfate fertilization increased （P 〈 0.01） forage S concentration. Plant tissue N concentrations were increased by N fertilization, regardless of source in 2005, 2006, and 2007. Yaks grazing S fertilization pastures had lower （P〈0.05） liver and blood Cu concentrations at the end of the study period in 2005, 2006, and 2007, compared with urea, ammonium nitrate, and control. Nominal increases in forage in vitro organic matter digestibility were realized by fertilization, regardless of N source in each year.

Sulfur-Induced Copper Deficiency in the Yaks

Since the 1990s, yak in the Haizi area in China has been affected by an ailment characterized by pica, emaciation, dyskinesia, and anemia. To determine the cause of disease, the mineral composition of soil and forages, and samples of blood, hair, and liver of yaks from the Haizi area in China were determined. The concentrations of copper in soil and forage from affected ranches and unaffected areas are within the normal ranges. The mean concentration of copper in blood and liver from the affected yaks was （0.31±0.03） and （13.7±3.1）μg·g^-1 respectively, compared with （0.98±0.16） and （95.6±11.2）μg·g^-1 for unaffected yaks. The concentrations of sulfur in soil and forage from affected ranches were （1.91±0.26） and （1.37±0.17）%, respectively, compared with （1.11±0.31） and （0.52±0.18）% （dry matter） for normal areas. The contents of sulfur in blood and liver affected animals were （7.32±1.8） and （2.54±3.1）%, respectively, compared with （4.22±0.73） and （1.31±0.33）% （in fresh and soft tissues） for healthy animals, respectively. Oral administration of tribasic copper chloride prevented and cured the disease. Thus it is reasonable to conclude that ailments of yaks in the Haizi area are probably caused by a secondary copper deficiency, mainly due to high sulfur content in soil and forage.

Morphological Observation on the Test and Epididymis in Hybrid of Wild and Domestic Yaks During the Growth Periods

This paper was carried out on the morphological character of the test and epididymis of three types of yak bull age 6,12,18,24 months old (1/2 wild yak, cross 1/2 wild yak and domestic yak). The results showed that the weight and size of testes and epidiymis was increased with the age which was hardly affected by imbalance of food supply during the cold and warm seasons. The development were similar for three kinds of yak at the same age(P＞0.05).

Confinement and Semi-confinement Raising Fattening Technology of Yaks in Agricultural Areas of Tibet

In the study, confinement and semi-confinement raising fattening technology of yaks in agricultural areas of tibet were analyzed. And several suggestions for improving the efficiency of yak raising were put forward. Aiming at providing the reference of healthy raising and sustainable development of yaks in the agricul- tural areas of tibet.

Supplementation with yak (Bos grunniens) bone collagen hydrolysate altered the structure of gut microbiota and elevated short-chain fatty acid production in mice

In this study, yak bone collagen hydrolysate(YBCH)was produced by mixed proteases and provided to standard-diet mice at a different dose(low dose(LD), medium dose(MD), and high dose(HD))to investigate its effects on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)production. It was found that YBCH was mainly composed of small molecular peptides whose molecular weight below 2 000 Da. Notably, supplementation with different doses of YBCH could significantly downregulate the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota. At the family level, the Lachnospiraceae abundance was significantly reduced in the YBCH gavage groups(mean reduction ratio 41.7 %, 35.2%, and 36.4% for LD, MD, and HD group, respectively). The predicted functions of gut microbes in the MD group were significantly increased at “lipid metabolism” and “glycan biosynthesis and metabolism”. Moreover, the SCFA production in the YBCH groups was elevated. Especially, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the MD group was separately increased 79.7%, 89.2%, and 78.8% than that in the NC group. These results indicated that YBCH might be applied in the development of functional food for intestinal microecological regulation.

The Milking Performance of dual-purpose Crossbred Yaks

Wild yak males were crossed with domesticated female yaks to produce a breeding herd of crossbred animals. The milk production of the progeny of this herd was measured in the present study. Yaks were milked once daily after prior suckling of the calf. yaks were allowed to graze for 15 h/day on high-altitude(3200 to 3500 m) pastures. No supplementary food was given. Average daily milk yield of 1.77(s. e. 0. 16)kg and milk yield over 120 days,212.2(s. e. 20.2)kg were significantly higher(P＜0.01)than the corresponding figures for uninlproved domestic yaks(1.53(s. e. 0. 10)kg and 164. 6(s. e. 10.5)kg respectively). The fat content of milk from crossbred yaks, 52(s. e. 2. 9)g/kg, was not significantly dlfferent from that of unimproved animals, 53.5(s. e. 4. 1), g/kg.

Meat Production from Crossbred and Domestic Yaks in China

Female domesticated yaks were artificially inseminated with semen taken from wild yaks and the offspring used to form a nucleus breeding herd of crossbred animals. The meat production of the first generation(F1 × F2)from breedtng within the nucleus herd was assessed by slaughter and carcass dissection of males. One group(no. =14)was slaughtered at 6 months of age and the second(no. = 12)at 18months. Crossbred yaks were significantly heavier(P＜0.01)at 6 months(74.7(s. e. 10.41)kg v. 59.8(s.e. 10.23)kg)and at 18 months(150.5(s. e. 56.1)kg v. 117.7(s. e. 17.4)kg)than domesticated ones,The killing-out proportion(0.47)was similar at both ages and for both groups of animals. Carcass weight,meat weight and the yield of prime cuts were higher for crossbred animals than for domestic yak at both ages.

Domestication process of yaks revealed

In his monumental work “Origin of Species,” Charles Darwin suggested that all domestic animals originated from their wild an-

Improving the Breed of Yaks

Yaks live in high frigid areas some 3,000-5,000 meters above sea level.In China there are 13 million yaks,making up 90 percent of the world total.They provide with transport means,meat and hide for 4.6 Tibe-tans in Tibet as well as Qinghai,Sichuan,Yunnan and Gansu prov-inces.

基于转录组数据挖掘牦牛皱胃发育代谢的关键候选基因

旨在比较不同年龄段牦牛皱胃指数测定、转录组表达谱的变化,挖掘影响牦牛皱胃发育代谢的信号通路和关键基因,为进一步探讨牦牛皱胃发育机制提供理论基础。本研究对1日龄、20日龄、60日龄、15月龄与3岁的牦牛皱胃组织进行转录组测序,对转录组数据进行质控、比对、差异表达基因筛选,并对差异表达基因进行GO功能注释和KEGG富集分析。为进一步验证测序数据的可靠性,随机选取5个差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR验证。结果显示,在发育过程中,瘤胃重的增长最快,其次是瓣胃、网胃和皱胃。转录组结果显示,以1日龄组为对照,在20日龄、60日龄、15月龄和3岁组中分别鉴定到1310、1715、1931和2199个差异表达基因,4个组共有基因565个;以前一个时间点为对照,20日龄、60日龄、15月龄和3岁组分别鉴定到1310、861、569和597个差异表达基因,4个对比组共有基因9个。GO功能注释发现,以1日龄组为对照,20日龄、60日龄、15月龄和3岁组分别富集到1191、2578、1117和2835条显著条目,不同年龄组的前10条显著性GO条目中有共有的,也有各年龄阶段特有的条目。KEGG富集分析结果显示,20日龄、60日龄、15月龄和3岁4个年龄段的前30条显著通路中特有信号通路分别为4、1、3和4条,包括ECM受体相互作用、细胞色素P450对外源性物质的代谢和药物代谢-细胞色素P450等与皱胃发育相关的通路。qRT-PCR结果与测序结果基本一致,表明测序结果可靠。通过对牦牛不同发育阶段皱胃组织的转录组测序及生物信息学分析,筛选到与皱胃发育相关的差异表达候选基因,这些基因主要参与胃粘膜上皮细胞增殖分化、细胞分化和免疫调控等过程,其中GKN1、CXCL17、SCNN 1B、SCNN 1G、CCL 5和IGF 2BP3等基因可能在牦牛皱胃发育过程中起着重要作用;进一步筛选到参与皱胃葡萄糖代谢、葡萄糖转运、脂肪酸转运、肽转运等过程相关的信号通路和候选基因,其中GANAB、GBA2、SLC 2A1、SLC 2A3、SLC 2A4、CPT 1B、SLC 15A1等是与牦牛皱胃组织营养代谢和吸收相关的重要候选基因。

YAKS710-4 6300kW 6kV高压增安型三相异步电动机的研制

介绍了YAKS71 0 - 4 630 0kW 6kV高压增安型三相异步电动机的研制过程、性能指标及防爆安全性等 ,对该电动机的技术经济性进行了分析 ,并提出了非防爆型避雷器、电容器在防爆危险区域内应用所采取的措施。

四川、西藏部分地区牦牛场球虫感染情况调查

【目的】调查四川省和西藏自治区部分地区牦牛球虫感染情况,为该地区牦牛球虫病的预防、控制提供理论参考。【方法】从四川省和西藏自治区部分地区8个牦牛场采集2~6、7~12和>12月龄牦牛的新鲜粪样共376份,采用饱和盐水漂浮法对粪便样品中球虫卵囊进行定性检查,采用麦克马斯特计数法统计球虫阳性粪样中每克粪便中的球虫卵囊数(OPG),了解不同牦牛场、不同月龄牦牛的球虫感染情况。【结果】8个牦牛场均检测出球虫感染,阳性样品共85份,平均感染率为22.6%(85/376),平均OPG为1643。共检出9种艾美耳属球虫,优势虫种为阿拉巴艾美耳球虫,感染率为37.6%(32/85),多呈混合感染。平均感染率最高的是2~6月龄牦牛,感染率为37.9%(11/29);其次是7~12月龄牦牛,感染率为31%(57/184);>12月龄牦牛的球虫感染率为10.4%(17/163)。【结论】四川和西藏部分地区牦牛场均存在不同程度的球虫感染,均以混合感染为主。牦牛球虫感染率、感染强度以及优势虫种在不同地区、不同年龄牦牛之间存在差异。

帕米尔牦牛屠宰性能及肉品质分析

为揭示帕米尔牦牛种质资源特性,选取成年公母牛各5头进行屠宰性能及肉品质测定,并与文献报道的查吾拉牦牛、环湖牦牛、大通牦牛、肃南牦牛、金川牦牛、九龙牦牛数据进行比较分析。结果显示,帕米尔牦牛公牛的活重(317.00 kg)、胴体重(164.16 kg)、眼肌面积(45.85 cm^(2))、屠宰率(51.32%)和净肉率(39.56%)比母牛分别高25.79%、29.60%、11.45%、2.23%和0.18%,母牛的肉骨比(4.48)比公牛高12.10%。与其他牦牛品种相比,帕米尔牦牛公牛的活重和胴体重比大通牦牛分别高3.31%和43.01%,比环湖牦牛分别高39.04%和61.10%;屠宰率比大通牦牛、环湖牦牛和查乌拉牦牛分别高13.49%、14.89%和6.01%;净肉率比大通牦牛和环湖牦牛分别高31.38%和15.13%,肉骨比比环湖牦牛高7.53%。帕米尔牦牛公牛肉的熟肉率(62.38%)、pH0值(5.86)、pH24值(5.46)和嫩度(10.04 kgf)比母牦牛分别高1.33%、1.21%、3.80%和9.61%,但母牛肉色的亮度(9.97)、红度(37.14)和黄度(10.73)比公牛分别高23.24%、4.44%和2.68%。帕米尔牦牛公牛肉的氨基酸总量(21.09 g/100 g)比大通牦牛和金川牦牛分别高13.39%和2.08%。帕米尔牦牛公、母牛肉的EAA/TAA均大于38.5%,EAA/NEAA分别为63.87%和63.19%。说明帕米尔牦牛肉不仅氨基酸总量丰富,而且必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸比例适宜。可见,帕米尔牦牛具有良好的屠宰性能及优良的肉品质和营养价值,在今后的品种选育和育肥过程中应该更加重视优质肉块的产量、肉品质及营养价值的整体提升。

LPA对牦牛卵丘细胞扩张因子HAS2、PTGS2和PTX3表达的影响

本研究以溶血磷脂酸(lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)在卵丘细胞扩张中的作用为切入点,旨在探讨不同浓度LPA对牦牛卵丘细胞(yak cumulus cells,YCCs)中卵丘扩张因子(透明质酸合成酶2(hyaluronate synthase 2,HAS2)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2,PTGS2)和正五聚蛋白3(pentraxin 3,PTX3))表达的影响。本研究以健康成年(3~4岁)雌牦牛的YCCs为研究对象,取对数生长期的YCCs,将不同浓度的LPA(空白对照、阴性对照、5、15、30和50μmol·L^(-1))作用于体外培养的YCCs,分别培养12、24、36、48 h后,CCK-8检测YCCs的细胞活性,采用RT-qPCR和Western-blot法检测YCCs中HAS2、PTGS2和PTX3 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量,细胞免疫荧光染色法检测卵丘扩张因子HAS2、PTGS2和PTX3在YCCs中的分布。试验中每个处理组3个重复。结果显示,LPA孵育12、24、36和48 h,对YCCs的活性有着明显的促进作用。当孵育时间为24 h时,LPA对YCCs活性的促进作用最明显。相比较于对照组而言,当LPA浓度为15μmol·L^(-1)时,不同孵育时间中YCCs的活性提升最为显著(P<0.05)。当LPA浓度为15μmol·L^(-1)时,与空白对照组相比,HAS2、PTGS2和PTX3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量最高(P<0.05),且YCCs中HAS2、PTGS2和PTX3的荧光强度明显增强。当LPA浓度大于15μmol·L^(-1)时,HAS2、PTGS2和PTX3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量逐渐下降。本研究表明,LPA对YCCs活性具有促进作用。当孵育时间为24 h,并且LPA浓度为15μmol·L^(-1)时,活性提升最为显著(P<0.05)。LPA可以增强YCCs中卵丘扩张因子HAS2、PTGS2、PTX3的表达,且其作用浓度具有剂量依赖性,最佳浓度为15μmol·L^(-1)。研究结果为阐明LPA促进牦牛卵丘细胞扩张的分子机制提供了理论依据,为进一步提高牦牛卵母细胞的质量和体外受精(in vitro fertilization,IVF)成功率提供理论基础。

日粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对生长期牦牛瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃菌群的影响

为研究日粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对生长期牦牛瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃菌群的影响,选取体重、体况相近且健康的1.5周岁娘亚牦牛48头,采用3×2双因素试验设计,按不同综合净能(7.63、8.25、8.88 MJ/kg)和蛋白质(10.84%、12.82%)水平随机分为6组,每组8个重复(公母各半),每个重复1头牛。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:(1)瘤胃液中,高能量组的乙酸摩尔百分比显著高于中能量组(P <0.05),中能量组的丙酸摩尔百分比显著低于高、低能量组(P <0.05),而丁酸摩尔百分比显著高于高、低能量组(P <0.05);高蛋白质组的异丁酸和异戊酸摩尔百分比显著高于低蛋白质组(P <0.05);日粮能量与蛋白质水平的交互作用对异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸摩尔百分比有显著影响(P <0.05)。(2)瘤胃菌群中,低能量和中能量组的Chao1和Shannon指数显著高于高能量组(P <0.05);低蛋白质组的Chao1和Shannon指数显著高于高蛋白质组(P <0.05);日粮能量与蛋白质水平的交互作用对Chao1和Shannon指数有显著影响(P <0.05)。(3)中能量组鸢尾花菌门(Kiritimatiellaeota)的相对丰度显著高于低能量组(P <0.05);日粮能量与蛋白质水平的交互作用对厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete)、互养菌门(Synergistetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度有显著影响(P <0.05)。高能量组细菌F082的相对丰度显著高于低能量组和中能量组(P <0.05),中能量组理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)的相对丰度显著高于高能量组(P <0.05);高蛋白质组细菌F082的相对丰度显著高于低蛋白质组(P <0.05),拟杆菌目RF16群(Bacteroidales_RF16_group)的相对丰度显著低于低蛋白质组(P <0.05);日粮能量与蛋白质水平的交互作用对克里斯滕森菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)、细菌F082和瘤胃球菌科NK4A214群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)的相对丰度有显著影响(P <0.05)。综上所述,当生长期牦牛的日粮综合净能为8.25 MJ/kg、蛋白质为12.82%时,更有利于促进瘤胃发酵,改善瘤胃菌群环境。

亲吻素在青藏高原牦牛睾丸组织中的表达及定位研究

亲吻素(Kisspeptin)通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴对动物繁殖起重要的调控作用.为了探讨亲吻素在牦牛精子发生中的生理功能及其对高原环境的适应机制,文中对比研究了牦牛和黄牛睾丸的组织学特征及其亲吻素的表达情况.结果表明,与黄牛相比,牦牛的曲细精管不饱满,除精原细胞外,牦牛初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、早期/晚期精子细胞以及精子的数量都显著少于黄牛(P<0.01).免疫组织化学结果显示,在牦牛的精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、早期精细胞及基质细胞中都可见Kisspeptin免疫阳性产物的表达,这与黄牛表达位置一致,但是牦牛睾丸中阳性产物光密度值(IOD)却显著高于黄牛;牦牛睾丸组织中Kisspeptin蛋白的表达显著高于黄牛(P<0.01).该结果暗示Kisspeptin可能作为负调控因子,参与维持牦牛精子发生和精子成熟过程中的正常组织结构及其微环境生理状态.

西藏牦牛皮蝇蛆病防治的SWOT分析

文章旨在深入了解西藏牦牛牛皮蝇蛆病的防治形势,运用系统全面的理念进行牛皮蝇蛆病防治,完善西藏地区动物疫病防控和公共卫生体系。运用动态分析法,根据SWOT分析框架,对西藏牦牛皮蝇蛆病防治工作具备的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行全面分析,并提出相应的对策。结果显示,在西藏地区,包括牛皮蝇蛆病在内的寄生虫病防治得到了重视和支持,建立了相对完善的防控体系,积极开展了以“春防”“秋防”为主的防治工作,但仍然存在牛皮蝇蛆病综合防治难度大、媒介控制困难等挑战。应继续发挥政府主导作用,加强制度建设,引导市场积极参与,提升广大农牧民防病治病意识,做到群防群控,为牦牛牛皮蝇蛆病防治建立可持续机制。

不同蛋白质、能量水平饲粮对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质、能量水平饲粮对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选取年龄相近、体况良好、体重[(180.00±11.67)kg]相近的公牦牛90头,随机分为9组,每组10头。采用2因素3水平随机区组进行设计,即低(12.5%)、中(15.5%)、高(18.5%)3个蛋白质水平和低(6.5 MJ/kg)、中(7.5 MJ/kg)、高(8.5 MJ/kg)3个综合净能水平,按3×3(蛋白质水平×综合净能水平)设计9种不同蛋白质和能量水平的全混合日粮(TMR),每个试验组饲喂1种,预试期20 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)饲粮蛋白质水平对所测各生长性能指标影响均不显著(P>0.05);饲粮综合净能水平对总增重(TWG)和平均日增重(ADG)影响显著(P<0.05),对料重比(F/G)影响极显著(P<0.01);饲粮蛋白质水平和综合净能水平两者交互对TWG、ADG和F/G影响极显著(P<0.01)。2)饲粮蛋白质水平对粗蛋白质(CP)和粗灰分(Ash)表观消化率影响极显著(P<0.01),对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和粗纤维(CF)表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮综合净能水平对Ash表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮蛋白质水平和综合净能水平两者交互对干物质(DM)和Ash表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05)。3)饲粮蛋白质水平对血清尿素氮(UN)含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对磷(P)含量影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮综合净能水平对血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、UN、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对总胆汁酸(TBA)含量影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮蛋白质水平和综合净能水平两者交互对血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和UN含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对肌酐(CRE)和P含量影响显著(P<0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,饲粮综合净能水平对牦牛生长性能的影响大于蛋白质水平的影响;饲粮蛋白质水平对牦牛养分表观消化率的影响大于综合净能水平对其的影响;饲粮中综合净能水平为8.5 MJ/kg、蛋白质水平为15.5%时,舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能最佳。