Effect of Hub-Ratio on Performance of Asymmetric Dual-Rotor Small Axial Fan

Currently, domestic and abroad scholars put more attention on contra-rotating dual-rotor axial fan. But there is less scholars study on asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan, which is one of the contra-rotating dual-rotor axial fans. Like axial fan, many factors have influence on the performance of the asymmetric dual-rotor small axial flow fan, such as the wheel hub ratio, blade shape, blade number, stagger angle and the tip clearance. Because wheel hub ratio has great impact on the performance of the fan, we choose the size of wheel hub ratio as a variable factor to study the model change. There is a different wheel hub ratio between front stage impeller and rear stage of asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan, so it is very beneficial to select the greater wind area that the fan area of external diameter minuses the area occupied by the blades and the hub as front stage impeller. In this paper, the hub-ratio of front stage impeller is 0.72, and that of rear stage is 0.72, 0.67 and 0.62 respectively along with the front stage impeller. Three kinds of models with different hub ratio of rear stage are simulated using the CFD software and the static characteristics are obtained. Based on the experimental test results, the internal flow field of the asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan is analyzed in detail, the impact trends of different hub-ratio on the performance of asymmetric dual-rotor small axial fan are obtained and the argument of structure optimization for dual-rotor small axial fan is provided.

EFFECT OF THE POISSON RATIO ON THE PERFECTLY PLASTIC STRESS FIELD AT A STATIONARY PLANE-STRAIN CRACK TIP

Under the condition that all the perfectly plastic stress components at a crack tip are the functions of ? only, making use of equilibrium equations and Von-Mises yield condition containing Poisson ratio, in this paper, we derive the generally analytical expressions of perfectly plastic stress field at a stationary plane-strain crack tip. Applying these generally analytical expressions to the concrete cracks, the analytical expressions of perfectly plastic stress fields at the stationary tips of Mode I, Mode II and Mixed-Mode I-II plane-strain cracks are obtained. These analytical expressions contain Poisson ratio.

Study on the Genetic and Physiological Toxicity of Wastewater from a Pharmaceutical Factory Using Root Tip Micronucleus Technology of Vicia faba

ObjectiveThe aim was to assess genetic and physiological toxicity of wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory using root tip micronucleus technology of Vicia faba. MethodThe pollution of wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory was detected by using root tip micronucleus technology of Vicia faba, and the genetic and physiological toxicity of the wastewater to Vicia faba was assessed. ResultNon-processed wastewater had an extremely high level of biological toxicity; the cells were unable to live with the wastewater at a high concentration; the cells were able to grow with the wastewater at a low concentration, though the micronucleus ratio was extremely high. The processed wastewater had no significant impact on cell growth, but the micronucleus ratio was extremely high, showing that the processed water also had a high pollution index. ConclusionThe research could provide scientific references for the national treatment of wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory.

THE ANALYSES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS STRUCTURE NEAR THE CRACK TIP OF MODE I CT SPECIMENS IN ELASTICPLASTIC STATE(Ⅰ)--THE ANALYSES OF CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS AND FRACTURE PARAMETERS

In the present paper,three dimensional analyses of some general constraint parameters and fracture parameters near the crack tip of Mode I CT specimens in two different thicknesses are carried out by employing ADINA program.The results reveal that the constraints along the thickness direction are obviously separated into two parts:the keeping similar high constraint field(Z_(1))and rapid reducing constraints one(Z_(2)).The two fields are experimentally confiremed to correspond to the smooth region and the shear lip on the fracture face respectively.So the three dimensional stress structure of Mode I specimens can be derived through discussing the two fields respectively.The distribution of the Crack Tip Opening Displacement(CTOD)along the thickness direction and the three dimensional distribution of the void growth ratio(V_(g))near the crack tip are also obtained.The two fracture parameters are in similar trends along the thickness direction,and both of them can reflect the effect of thickness and that of the loading level to a certain degree.

叶片破损对压气机性能的影响

为了研究叶片破损对压气机内部流场的影响机理,本文针对带有破损的跨音速压气机叶片进行气动性能变化规律和机理研究。通过NASA rotor 37实验结果验证了计算方法的准确性,利用数值仿真研究了叶片破损对压气性能的影响规律,并对2种典型工况下叶片破损前后的流场结构进行对比分析,探讨引起性能变化的具体原因。研究表明:叶片破损会导致压气机的压比降低0.6631%、绝热效率降低0.7877%,且压气机的稳定裕度降低更为明显。叶尖破损主要对叶顶流场结构产生影响,使叶顶区域泄漏流增强,当其与激波相互作用时,通道内产生了流动堵塞和流动损失。本文研究成果可为实际服役中的航空发动机特性评定提供理论参考。

凹槽叶顶的气膜冷却特性

涡轮工作时,叶顶间隙内高速高温的间隙泄露流会直接冲刷动叶顶部,产生局部高温区域,因此控制间隙泄露流至关重要。基于压敏漆涂料(PSP)实验,研究了密度比、吹风比和间隙高度对凹槽叶顶气膜冷却特性的影响。研究结果表明:密度比增大,凹槽叶顶气膜冷却效果逐渐提高,尤其是大间隙下冷效提高较为明显,叶顶面平均冷效增加了35%;间隙高度和吹风比对叶顶表面冷效的作用不是单一的,小间隙条件下,叶顶表面气膜冷效随着吹风比增大而增大,大间隙条件下,吹风比的增加使得叶顶表面气膜冷效先减小后增加,同时小吹风比时,间隙高度增加提高了叶顶尾缘区域和孔周围的气膜冷效,叶顶面平均冷效提高了6.85%。

跨音速流动中涡轮动叶叶顶的气膜冷却特性分析

为了掌握跨音速流动中涡轮动叶叶顶气膜冷却特性,采用压敏漆测试技术来研究叶顶间隙高度和质量流量比对叶顶气膜冷却特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:在小质量流量比条件下,增加叶顶间隙高度能够有效改善叶顶中弦区域的气膜覆盖,然而当质量流量较大时,叶顶间隙高度变化对叶顶中弦区域的气膜冷却效率分布影响并不明显;在小叶顶间隙高度条件下,随着质量流量比增加,叶顶中弦区域冷气覆盖效果逐渐变差,在大叶顶间隙高度条件下,仅当质量流量比从0.1%+0.05%增加到0.14%+0.07%时,叶顶中弦区域的冷气覆盖效果才有所改善。

气膜孔堵塞对凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响

采用数值方法,研究了燃气透平叶片气膜孔堵塞条件下凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能,获得了3种吹风比M=0.5, 1.0, 1.5和不同堵塞比B=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8条件下的凹槽叶顶的气膜冷却效率和传热系数分布。研究表明:气膜孔堵塞会导致凹槽叶顶气膜冷却性能下降、热负荷升高,堵塞比越大,凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能越差。气膜孔堵塞显著改变了叶顶区域的流场结构,加剧冷气的抬升效应,导致冷气过早离开凹槽。吹风比是影响堵塞工况下凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的重要因素,吹风比为1.0、堵塞比为0.8时,凹槽叶顶的面积平均气膜冷却效率相比于未堵塞时下降了64.88%、传热系数上升了13.01%。减小吹风比可以改善小堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.4时,叶顶平均气膜冷却效率仅下降了6.82%,但小吹风比会导致大堵塞比工况下的气膜冷却性能恶化严重,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.8时,平均气膜冷却效率下降了82.09%。增大吹风比,可改善大堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为1.5、堵塞比为0.8条件下叶顶平均气膜冷却效率下降了51.34%、传热系数上升了11.52%。

基于RBF神经网络和模型在线更新的风速估计方法

基于NREL5MW风力发电机原模型和简化模型,进行流固耦合和计算流体力学仿真,研究结果表明风力发电机桨距角和叶尖速比影响风轮上游来流风速演化。结合来流风速演化和推力系数理论模型表明,通过推力更新诱导系数,进而在线更新风速演化模型,能提高风速估计精度。考虑推力时变性和非定常性,提出以桨距角和叶尖速比为输入,基于RBF神经网络的推力逼近方法,进而提出基于模型在线更新的风轮平面有效风速估计方法。最后通过激光雷达现场测风数据进行验证,结果表明,基于RBF神经网络和模型在线更新的风速估计方法较基于时间信息提取算法和来流风速演化模型的风速估计方法精度提高15.5%。

修正Mohr-Coulomb准则下倾斜基岩中桩端极限承载力研究

为计算倾斜岩面浅嵌岩桩极限承载力,本文基于修正Mohr-Coulomb强度准则提出了倾斜岩面浅嵌岩桩桩端承载力计算方法。采用特征线法构建了桩端面以下塑性发展区,考虑岩面倾斜角几何关系,推导了倾斜岩面位移滑移场;进一步通过黎曼不变量控制方程,求解了倾斜岩面浅嵌岩桩基极限承载力公式。分析了倾斜岩面坡角、岩体完整性参数以及岩体内摩擦角等因素对桩端承载力的影响。结果表明:浅嵌岩桩基嵌入深度达到极限嵌入比时,桩基达到极限承载力;当嵌入比大于极限嵌入比时,桩端承载力系数不受倾斜坡角和嵌入比影响,此时可按平地桩基进行分析计算;极限嵌入比随倾斜坡角的增大呈幂函数增大,且在岩石完整性较差时,极限嵌入比随岩体内摩擦角的增大而显著增大;当嵌入比小于极限嵌入比时,桩端承载力系数随倾斜坡角的增大近似线性减小,需考虑岩面倾角对桩基承载力的影响。

Influence of Hub Contouring on the Performance of a Transonic Axial Compressor Stage with Low Hub-Tip Ratio

The rotor blade height with low hub-tip ratio is relatively longer,and the aerodynamic parameters change drastically from hub to tip.Especially the organization of flow field at hub becomes more difficult.This paper takes a transonic 1.5-stage axial compressor with low hub-tip ratio as the research object.The influence of four types of rotor hub contouring on the performance of transonic rotor and stage is explored through numerical simulation.The three-dimensional numerical simulation results show that different hub contourings have obvious influence on the flow field of transonic compressor rotor and stage,thus affecting the compressor performance.The detailed comparison is conducted at the rotor peak efficiency point for each hub contouring.Compared with the linear hub contouring,the concave hub contouring can improve the flow capacity,improve the rotor working capacity,and increase the flow rate.The flow field near blade root and efficiency of transonic rotor is improved.The convex hub contouring will reduce the mass flow rate,pressure ratio and efficiency of the transonic rotor.Full consideration should be given to the influence of stator flow field by hub contouring.

转子结构参数对双螺杆压缩机性能影响规律的研究

为最大限度地提高双螺杆压缩机的性能,以5、6齿双螺杆压缩机为研究对象,对转子的长径比、齿间及齿顶间隙、扭转角角度等转子结构参数进行系统的分析,研究结果表明:在啮合间隙处于0.02~0.1 mm之间,啮合间隙每增大0.02 mm时,容积效率下降3%~4%,绝热效率下降1.5%~2.4%,比功率下降33%~48%,齿顶间隙对双螺杆压缩机性能的影响大于啮合间隙;随着长径比(L/D)增大,容积效率提高2%~7%,比功率提高40%~70%,绝热效率提高1.5%~5%;扭转角值增大,容积效率、比功率、绝热效率均呈降低趋。研究还进一步探究了转子结构设计参数对质量流量、体积流量、Blow-hole area(泄漏三角形)影响变化规律。研究结果可为双螺杆压缩机的设计研究和优化升级提供一定的理论参考。

轮毂比对对旋轴流通风机性能影响的数值研究

为了研究采用等环量设计方法设计对旋轴流通风机时轮毂比的选择准则,以不同的轮毂比设计了5种对旋轴流通风机,并对这5种风机进行了数值研究。通过对5种对旋轴流通风机的叶片弦长及安装角、总体性能参数及速度矢量场等的分析,获得了轮毂比在对旋轴流通风机设计时的选择原则。

低焦油卷烟加香后一些醛酮类香料转移行为

以同一叶组生产的普通空白卷烟和低焦油空白卷烟为研究对象,采用同时蒸馏萃取及气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)方法,测定了19种醛酮类香料单体在加香卷烟中的主流烟气粒相转移率、烟丝持留率、滤嘴截留率和滤嘴迁移率,发现醛酮类香料单体在2种卷烟中的烟丝持留率和滤嘴迁移率整体差别不大,低沸点香料由于其较强的透发性在卷烟的主流烟气粒相中转移率显著低于高沸点香料。具有相同官能团的同系物,碳链越长,分子量越大沸点越高,烟丝持留率和主流烟气粒相转移率越高,而滤嘴截留率和滤嘴迁移率有先增大后减小的趋势。低焦油卷烟在采取通风降焦措施的同时,外加香料在主流烟气粒相中的转移率显著低于在普通卷烟中的转移率,且降低幅度随香料沸点增大而减小,香料沸点越低,在主流烟气粒相中的转移率降低幅度也越大。

对旋风机轮毂比对其气动性能影响的研究

运用FLUENT软件对动力外置式对旋风机进行数值模拟,分析其内部流场变化情况,并对该类型对旋风机在不同轮毂比下的流场进行了模拟和分析,通过对比分析得出轮毂比对动力外置式对旋风机的压力、流量、效率等气动性能参数的影响,为对旋风机的优化设计提供相关参考。

叶片难抛光区域粗糙度对压气机性能的影响

研究压气机转子中叶片叶顶、叶根倒圆、下端壁这类难以自动抛光区域的表面粗糙度对转子气动性能的影响规律,旨在为叶片抛光加工表面粗糙度目标的制定提供指导.基于计算流体动力学(CFD)对跨音速转子rotor37进行气动计算,分析了98%阻塞流量工况不同转速下各部位表面粗糙度对转子的损失系数和出口总压的影响规律.结果表明,在设计转速下,叶片各部位的表面粗糙度增加均使转子损失增加,叶顶的表面粗糙度使出口总压升高,而叶根倒圆和下端壁表面粗糙度使出口总压降低;表面粗糙度15μm是一个转折点,大于15μm时表面粗糙度对气动性能的影响程度开始变大;下端壁表面粗糙度对性能的影响最大,在60%设计转速下,下端壁表面粗糙度使损失降低,但是在80%和100%设计转速下,则使损失增加.

垂直轴风力机动态特性及气动性能

垂直轴风力机流场属典型的非定常大分离流动,因其气动性能复杂,采用工程气动模型会有较大误差.为了研究垂直轴风力机动态失速与翼型附着涡的形成与发展,针对4种不同厚度的NACA对称翼型系列,基于Fluent软件的滑移网格技术,并选用S-A湍流模型和基于压力的Simple算法对H型垂直轴风轮流场进行瞬态CFD计算,得到了风轮旋转中动态失速相位角范围,较好地解释了小叶尖速比下翼型多处于动态失速区的流动机理.同时,提出了升阻系数计算方法,计算得到了该4种翼型系列的叶片扭转力矩、风力机功率和风能利用系数随叶尖速比变化规律.研究结果表明,风力机运行中翼型的动态与静态特性存在较大差别,翼型厚度对风力机扭转力矩、功率和风能利用率具有较大影响.故在进行垂直轴风力机设计时应综合考虑垂直轴风力机的翼型厚度等几何参数与旋转等动态参数对其气动特性的影响.

电化学腐蚀法制备针尖的试验研究

用电化学腐蚀法制备微小尺寸的针尖,在深入分析电化学腐蚀原理的基础上,采用检测电流变化率的方法对腐蚀过程进行控制,使切断时间控制在微秒级以下,并对试验参数(如,电压、电极丝浸入溶液深度、溶液浓度等)对试验结果的影响进行了分析,制作出尺寸在微米级以下的针尖。

独立运行风电机组的最佳叶尖速比控制

介绍了采用爪极无刷自励发电机的５ｋＷ风电机组的性能特点。采用最佳叶尖速比控制和稳压控制相结合的控制方法，使风力机在额定风速以下及蓄电池没有充满时按最佳效率运行。当蓄电池接近充满时，控制风电系统稳压运行，保证蓄电池安全可靠充电。该风电机组及其控制已实际应用。

风力发电最大风能追踪综述

基于风能的充分利用,从分析风力机运行特性出发,针对变速恒频风力发电系统的特点,综述了捕获最大风能的方法,如叶尖速比控制、功率信号反馈、爬山搜索法、最大功率小信号扰动法、三点比较法。考虑到实际应用中风速变化及测量困难,为避免直接检测风速,提出一种新的最大风能追踪方法。详细讨论了已有方法的优劣。分析与研究表明,新的最大风能追踪方法简单、实用、可行。