智能技术发展中的需求嵌入与欲望脱嵌机制

智能技术本是为了满足人的生存与发展的需要。然而,作为人类智能的模拟与延伸,智能技术有它自己内嵌的“自然需要”与“历史需要”。与人的“需要”不同,智能技术的核心“需要”可以简单归纳为“数据、算法与算力”。其中,数据是智能技术的“自然需要”,算法与算力在智能技术发展的过程中更体现为“历史需要”。智能技术的“需要”依赖于人的“身体”作为其载体。这使得智能技术发展中的“数据需求”“算法需求”“算力需求”会依托于身体被异化为以消费为导向的种种娱乐化的“欲望”。当下,智能技术的欲望以更加规模化、数据化、全方位化、全时段化地被伪装成“普遍需要”。为此,良好的人机关系需进一步建立“以人为本”的欲望脱嵌机制。

何以实现以人为本的高校科研卓越发展?——人文主义评价理念视角下英国“科研卓越框架”的改革及启示

基于人文主义评价理念的视角研究发现,英国旧版“科研卓越框架2021”在参评规则、评价标准、评审材料这三个评价制度要素的设计上面临着阻碍高校科研人员成长发展的困境。对此,英国2023年6月颁布的新版“科研卓越框架2029”力图重构评价标准和参评规则,创新多主体“远距离”评价模式,并且改善评价信息的收集与分析方式。新版“科研卓越框架2029”希望强化“卓越科研”评价的人文主义基调,推动“卓越科研”评价标准的共同建构,以及实现评价效益和可靠性的共同提升,进而推动以人为本的高校科研卓越发展。然而,如何在“以人为本”和“科研卓越发展”间寻求平衡,将是英国这一轮高校科研评价面临的主要挑战。

China's Human Rights Construction Centers on People's Livelihood

1. Concept of People＇s Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.

Objects of Criminal Legal Aid--Center On Judicial Justice and Human Rights Protection

The object of criminal legal aid refers to the person in a criminal case who has the right or eligibility toapply for legal assistance and who receives it. According to jurispru- dence, the object （or aid recipient） is a party in a given legal case, who is granted legal aid. They are often among the disadvantaged group in criminal cases, since most of them are mentally challenged, lack free- dom or have health problems.＇ Both international and domestic laws have certain norms regarding objects of criminal legal aid. Our domestic law places more emphasis on ＂defen- dants＂ while downplaying ＂suspects＂ and ＂victims＂ in identifying objects.

Southwest University of Political Science and Law Human Rights Education and Research Center

I. Overview 1. History The Southwest University of Political Science and Law devel- oped from the Southwest People＇s Revolutionary University, which was founded in 1950. Based on the former university and the law departments of Sichuan University, Chongqing University, Guizhou University, Yunnan University and Chongqing Finance and Economics College, the Southwest College of Political Science and Law was established.

Northwest University of Political Science and Law Human Rights Research and Education Center

I. Human Rights Education and Training 1. Overview The Northwest University of Political Science and Law is a diversified university, highlighting law as well as covering philosophy, economics, literature, management, art and engineering. It is an important base for training legal professionals as well as a center for legal education, research and information in Northwest China. The university, which was established 77 years ago and has trained undergraduate students for 56 years and graduate students for 35 years, is financially supported by the Shaanxi provincial govemment.

Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Research Center Peking University Law School

In order to implement the stipulation in the National Human Rights Action Plan （2012-2015） requiring the addition of no less than five national human rights education and training bases by 2015, the appraisal and selection meeting for the second group of national human rights education and training bases was held on March 17, 2014 in Beijing.

New Center for Human Rights Studies

The Shanghai-based Fudan University has launched a human rights studies center. This came at a ceremony on April 21,2002, which also launched the Seminar on Women’s Rights and Interests. More than 40 human rights experts, including some from China’s Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and some Nordic countries, attended the ceremony to launch the Fudan University Center for Human Rights Studies.

Fudan University Human Rights Research Center

I. Overview of the Fudan University Human Rights Research Center 1. Positioning The Fudan University Human Rights Research Center is an interdisciplinary academic platform, based in China and looking outward to the world. The center integrates the academic resources of Fudan University, a comprehensive higher-learning institution, to organize multifaceted research on human rights issues. The center serves as an engine and a booster for human rights research and education at Fudan University.

Shandong University Human Rights Research Center

I. Overview The Shandong University Human Rights Research Center was founded in 1990 by the university as the ＂hu- man rights research office.＂It is one of the earliest human rights research institutions in China. In 1994, Shandong University decided to upgrade the office to become the current research center. Prof. Xu Xianming was its first director. In order to enhance human rights law studies and showcase the latest developments in human fights research in China, the center launched the well- recognized academic journal Human Rights Research in 1998.

Renmin University of China Human Rights Research Center

I. Overview The Human Rights Research Center of the Renmin University of China was established on Oct. 8, 1991, and was among the first human rights research institutions at a Chinese university. The center is composed of experts and scholars on law, economics, sociology, philosophy and politics. Prof. Zheng Hangsheng is the director of the center and Prof. Gu Dechun is the deputy director. In 1996, the center was listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the fourth edition of the Directory of World Human Rights Research and Training Organizations. Since its establishment, the center has actively conducted research on human rights theory, publicity and education concerning human rights as well as international exchange activities.

Sichuan University Human Rights Law Research Center

I. Introduction The Human Rights Law Research Center of Sichuan University was established in 2004. The center, which relies on the university, combines the functions of theoretical research, teaching and training, and social service. The organizational members of the center consist of the Law School of Sichuan University, the Academy of Social Development and Western Exploration, the Research Institute of Tibetology and the Research Institute of South Asia.

Jilin University Center for Human Rights Research and Education

I. Overview The Center for Human Rights Research and Education at Jilin University, is based on the Human Rights Institute of the Theoretical Law Research Center at Jilin University. It brings together teachers and researchers who specialize in constitutional law, ad- ministrative law, criminal law, civil and commercial law, procedural law, labor and social security law, environmental law and international law. With a geo- graphical focus on the three northeastern provinces, the center invites human rights experts to construct a teaching and research platform that combines theoretical research, personnel training, social service and cultural exchange.

Building National Level Human Rights Bases and Popularization Centers

Building national human rights education and train- ing bases is part of China＇s human rights development,which shows the strong will of the Chinese government for promoting human fights and strengthening hu- man rights protection. Such an action is not only a practical measure for implementing international human fights action plans, but also a practice of the Chinese government in re- specting and implementing relevant international obligations set by the United Nations.

East China University of Political Science and Law Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Research Center

I. Introduction The Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Research Center at the East China University of Political Science and Law was established in December 2006, with public international law experts as its core. The center is administered by the International Law School at the East China University of Political Science and Law.

Human Rights for Detainees in Prisons and Detention Centers

China protects human rights of detainees in the entire process of the judicial system, from the making of law, to the administrationof justice, law enforcement and legal supervision. According to China＇s Constitution, detainees enjoy the following political rights： 1. All the rights that have not been deprived of just like ordinary citizens, including the fight of voting, the right to speech and publication; the fight to human dignity and non-humiliation, the right to non-infringement of personal safety, lawful property right and freedom of religious belief;

译者行为研究的人本性

译者行为研究具有人本性研究属性和相应的研究特征,它要求以动态的研究视域对以译者为核心的翻译活动进行全面、客观和科学的解释。为此,本文讨论了译者行为研究的新发展、译者行为研究的人本性及其动态研究特征、译者行为研究对于翻译现象的解释力以及人本性译者行为研究案例分析。希望本文对相关研究有所启发。

坚持以人为本的学生工作理念

高校学生工作应突出以人为本的教育理念,不断促进学生全面和谐的发展。为此,应坚持思想政治工作首位的原则、学生主体性原则与学生工作的发展性原则,实施全员育人和教育服务管理一体化的模式。

动物解放论与以往动物保护主义之比较

动物保护伦理是环境伦理学中非人类中心主义流派里的一个重要分支。彼得.辛格的动物解放论是关于动物伦理的现代讨论中最有影响的理论之一。与以往以人类为中心的动物保护主义不同,动物解放主义的基本原则在于功利主义伦理学的平等原则和功利原则,它主张从“动物的解放是人类解放事业的继续”出发,把道德关怀的对象直接扩展到动物身上,从而让动物拥有道德地位,以此从外部、强制性地限制人对动物的伤害行为。