Antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand combined with mevastatin on a human glioma cell line SWO-38

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have reported that statins are less toxic to the human body and have greater antitumor activity; however, few studies have addressed the antitumor effect of statins combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL）. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of TRAIL combined with mevastatin on the proliferation and apoptotic cell death of a human glioma cell line SWO-38, and to study its mechanism of action. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro control experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, between January and April 2009. MATERIALS： The human SWO-38 cell line was provided by Cell Research, Department of Animal Experimental Center of Sun Yat-sen University; human recombinant soluble TRAIL by R＆D, USA; and mevastatin by Sigma, USA. METHODS： SWO-38 cells were separately incubated in TRAIL （100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 tJg/L） and mevastatin （5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 pmol/L） for 72 hours. In addition, SWO-38 cells were incubated in TRAIL （300 μg/L）, mevastatin （30 μmol/L）, and a solution containing both TRAIL and mevastatin for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell proliferation was detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay; cell apoptosis was observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscopy and was measured using Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry; TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 protein expressions levels were measured using indirect immunofluorescence staining combined with flow cytometry in the recombinant soluble TRAIL （rsTRAIL, 300 tJg/L）, mevastatin （30 IJmol/L） and combination groups; TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 mRNA expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： rsTRAIL, mevastatin and their combination inhibited tumor proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The proliferation inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of human SWO-38 cells in the combined group were significantly greater than the rsTRAIL or mevastatin alone group （P 〈 0.01）. TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 protein and mRNA expressions were increased in the combination group compared with mevastatin or rsTRAIL alone after 72 hours （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Both rsTRAIL and mevastatin inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of the human glioma cell line SWO-38, while their combination enhances the anti-tumor effect. The mechanism of action possibly correlates to the upregulation of TRAIL R1/DR4 and TRAIL R2/DR5 mRNA expression by mevastatin, thereby enhancing the cell sensitivity to rsTRAIL.

Effect of Wenhua Juanbi Recipe(温化蠲痹方) on Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand,Osteoprotegerin,and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 14 in Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis

Objective： To study the effect of Wenhua Juanbi Recipe（温化蠲痹方, WJR） on expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand（RANKL）, osteoprotegerin（OPG）, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14（TNFRSF14, also known as LIGHT） in rats with collagen-induced arthritis（CIA）. Methods： CIA rats were generated by subcutaneous injection of bovine collagen type-Ⅱ at the tail base. Sixty CIA rats were randomly assigned（10 animals/group） to： model, methotrexate（MTX）-treated（0.78 mg/kg body weight）, and WJR-treated（22.9 g/kg） groups. Healthy normal rats（n=10） were used as the normal control. Treatments or saline were administered once daily by oral gavage. Rats were sacrificed at day 28 post-treatment and knee synovium and peripheral blood serum were collected. Toe swelling degree and expression of RANKL, OPG, and LIGHT were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results： Compared with the normal group, toe swelling degree was significantly increased in the model group（P〈0.01）. After treatment, toe swelling degree decreased significantly in the WJR and MTX groups compared with the model group（P〈0.01）. Compared with the normal group, expression of RANKL and LIGHT were significantly increased and OPG significantly decreased in peripheral blood and synovium of the model group（P〈0.01）. Conversely, RANKL and LIGHT expression were significantly reduced and OPG increased in the WJR and MTX groups compared with the model group（P〈0.01）. No statistically significant difference existed between WJR and MTX groups. Conclusion： WJR likely acts by reducing RANKL expression and increasing OPG expression, thus inhibiting RANKL/RANK interaction and reducing LIGHT expression, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation/activation to block bone erosion.

针刀调控线粒体途径软骨细胞凋亡防治大鼠膝骨关节炎

背景:针刀治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效确切,但其作用机制并不十分明确。目的:基于破骨细胞相关受体-肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体-骨保护素(OSCAR-TRAIL-OPG)途径分析针刀对膝骨关节炎大鼠膝关节软骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将27只SD大鼠分为正常组(9只)、模型组(9只)、针刀组(9只),正常组大鼠常规饲养,不进行任何处理;模型组、针刀组采用膝关节内注射木瓜蛋白酶建立左后肢膝骨关节炎模型,造模成功后给予针刀组大鼠针刀干预,1次/周,共3次。干预结束后进行相关检测。结果与结论:①与正常组相比,模型组大鼠Lequesne MG行为学评分升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,针刀组大鼠Lequesne MG行为学评分降低(P<0.01)。②苏木精-伊红染色显示与正常组相比,模型组大鼠膝关节软骨表面磨损且不平整,软骨细胞肿胀、破裂且数量减少,细胞排列杂乱;针刀组大鼠膝关节软骨表面较为平整,软骨细胞数量较多且排列较规整,结构基本清晰。③免疫组化染色显示与正常组相比,模型组大鼠膝关节软骨组织中OSCAR、TRAIL阳性表达增加(P<0.01),OPG阳性表达减少(P<0.01);与模型组相比,针刀组大鼠膝关节软骨组织中OSCAR、TRAIL阳性表达减少(P<0.01),OPG阳性表达增加(P<0.01)。④TUNEL染色显示与正常组相比,模型组软骨细胞凋亡数量增加(P<0.01);与模型组相比,针刀组软骨细胞凋亡数量减少(P<0.01)。⑤RT-qPCR与Western blot检测显示与正常组相比,模型组大鼠关节软骨组织中OSCAR、TRAIL、Bax表达升高(P<0.01),OPG、Bcl-2表达降低(P<0.01);与模型组相比,针刀组大鼠关节软骨组织中OSCAR、TRAIL、Bax表达降低(P<0.01),OPG、Bcl-2表达升高(P<0.01)。⑥针刀干预可减轻膝骨关节炎大鼠关节软骨组织损伤,该作用可能与OSCAR-TRAIL-OPG通路阻断线粒体途径凋亡信号释放有关。

New means to monitor the effect of glucocorticoid therapy in children

AIM:To study the individual effects of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy on the state ofimmune activation in patient serum.METHODS:We developed a novel assay in which the effect of corticosteroid-treated patient serum on healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (target cells) was studied,with a panel of markers for effector [interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin (IL)-5] and regulatory T cells (FOXP3 and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor,GITR).The study group comprised 19 children with inflammatory bowel disease.The individual effect of patient serum on target cells was analyzed prior to GC therapy and 2 wk later.RESULTS:The effect of GC therapy mediated by patient serum was seen as a decrease in the target cells expression of regulatory T-cell-related markers GITR (median suppression 24%,range of suppression 1%-63%,in 2 cases increase of 6% and 77%,P < 0.01 for mitogen-activated target cells) and FOXP3 (median suppression 33%,range of suppression 0%-79%,in one case an increase of 173%,P < 0.05 for resting cells),and secretion of IFNγ [from a mean of 87 700 pg/mL (SD 33 900 pg/mL) to 60 900 pg/mL (SD 44 200 pg/mL) in mitogen-activated target cells,13 of the cases showed a decrease,P < 0.01].The total or weight-related prednisolone dose did not correlate with the patient-seruminduced changes in the target cell markers.CONCLUSION:GC response could be monitored at an individual level by studying the effect of patient serum on signaling pathways of target immune cells.

EGFR inhibitors sensitize non-small cell lung cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis

Apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) can be regulated by the epidermal growth factor(EGF) signaling pathway.In this study,recombinant adenoviral vectors that encode TRAIL gene from the hTERT/RGD promoter(AdTRAIL) was combined with drugs including gefitinib,elotinib,and cetuximab that inhibit EGFR and the EGF signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cell lines to investigate their antitumor activity.In vitro,compared to single reagent,AdTRAIL combined with EGFR inhibitors reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in H460,A549,and SW1573 cell lines.Western blot results suggested that these effects were relative to up-regulation of pro-apoptosis protein BAX and down-regulation of p-AKT.In vivo,AdTRAIL combined with cetuximab resulted in a significant growth reduction in H460 xenografts without damage to the main organs of nude mice.Histological examination and TUNEL analyses of xenografts showed that cetuximab enhanced cell apoptosis induced by AdTRAIL.These results indicate that EGFR inhibitors enhanced AdTRAIL anti-tumor activity in NSCLC cell lines and that inhibiting the AKT pathway played an important role in this enhancement.

EGCG Enhances TRAIL-mediated Apoptosis in Human Melanoma A375 Cell Line

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL） is a promising anti-cancer agent. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） is a polyphenolic constituent of green tea. In this study, inhibitory effect of combined use of EGCG and TRAIL on human melanoma A375 cells was examined and the possible mechanism investigated. The cells were divided into 4 groups： control group, EGCG group （EGCG： 10, 20 μg/mL）, TRAIL group （TRAIL： 25 ng/mL） and EGCG＋TRAIL group （combined group）. The growth inhibition was measured in the A375 cells treated with different concentrations of TRAIL （（25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 ng/mL） by MTT assay. The apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The expressions of DR4 and DR5 were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. The activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by colorimetric assay. The results showed that TRAIL could dose-dependently inhibit the growth of A375 cells and the IC50 of TRAIL was 150 ng/mL. The apoptosis rate was 11.8% in the TRAIL group, 5%–7% in the EGCG group and 48.9%–59.1% in the combined group. Significant difference was found in the apoptosis rate between the combined group and the EGCG or TRAIL group （P〈0.05 for each）. The expression of DR4 instead of DR5 was significantly increased in the EGCG group. The activity of caspase-3 rather than caspase-8 was substantially enhanced in the EGCG group. These results suggest that EGCG is useful for the TRAIL-based treatment for melanoma.

Expression of caspase-3 and TRAIL receptors in CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells of SLE patients

Objective: To study the expression of caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of systemic lupus enythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods: RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of caspase-3 and TRAIL receptors in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of SLE patients and normal subjects. Results: The death domain-containing TRAIL-R1/R2 as well as 'decoy' TRAIL-R3/R4 were co-expressed in majority of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both SLE patients and normal subjects. The CD8+ T cells from SLE patients showed significantly higher expression of caspase-3 and TRAIL-R2 than those from normal subjects,and the expression was correlated with the activity of the disease. Conclusion: The TRAIL-R2 signal pathway might contribute to the apoptosis of T cells in SLE.

Co-Inhibitors of Second Signal of Lymphocyte Response in Human Renal Transplants: PD-L2, GITR, and ILT-2/3/5 Positive Cells from Aspiration Biopsies Associate with Acute Rejection-Freedom

Following organ transplantation, the outcome of the encounter between an APC and a T lymphocyte is strongly dependent on the presence of costimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, the former associated with allograft rejection and the latter with allograft acceptance. We evaluated the expression of PD-L2, GITR, ILT-2/3/5, and ILT-4 on graft-infiltrating cells procured by Fnab from human KTx under different immunosuppressive regimens. Methods: Fnab biopsies were performed on days 7 or 14 - 30 in stable KTx and on the day of acute rejection diagnosis. Cytopreparations were studied by the enzymatic avidin biotin complex staining. Results: Acute rejection group showed a significant down-regulated expression of PD-L2, GITR, and ILT-2/3/5 as compared to stable group, while for ILT-4 we did not find significant difference. Anti-IL2αR and rapamicyn treatment trend to down-regulate ILT-4 expression, although meaningless. A significantly positive correlation was observed between PD-L2 and GITR expression in Fnab. The PPV for acute rejection diagnosis for both PD-L2 and GITR was clearly above 0.8. Conclusions: Our findings point to an early entrance of cells expressing PD-L2, GITR and ILT-2/3/5 inside human KTx who are going to remain rejection-free. Both PD-L2 and GITR shared a high ability to rule-in and rule-out acute rejection.

低能量激光对人牙周膜细胞白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、骨保护素、核因子-κB受体活化因子配体表达的影响

目的通过观察高糖环境下低能量激光(LLL)对受静压力刺激的人牙周膜细胞(HPDLC)白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、骨保护素(OPG)、核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)表达的影响,以期探究LLL对糖尿病患者牙周组织炎症及正畸治疗过程中骨改建调控的分子生物学机制。方法体外培养HPDLC,模拟正畸加力,结合LLL照射,将所培养细胞随机分为4组:低糖型杜氏改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)+压力刺激(A组),高糖型DMEM+压力刺激(B组),低糖型DMEM+LLL照射+压力刺激(C组),高糖型DMEM+LLL照射+压力刺激(D组),其中C、D组根据给予的激光能量密度值不同又分C1、D1组(能量密度值:3.75 J/cm2)和C2、D2组(能量密度值:5.625 J/cm2)。根据已有分组,对A、B、C、D组细胞进行加力,对C、D组细胞在细胞加力前进行LLL照射。分别观察0、12、24、48、72 h,定时提取各组细胞培养上清液,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测各组不同时段IL-6、TNF-α、OPG、RANKL的蛋白表达。结果1)在持续静压力刺激下,HPDLC分泌的IL-6、TNF-α浓度随时间逐渐上升;12 h后IL-6、TNF-α的浓度在A组与B、C1、C2组组间两两比较的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组与D1、D2组组间两两比较的差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2)OPG蛋白浓度在24h之前呈现出上升趋势,24h后随时间出现下降趋势;RANKL蛋白浓度随时间呈上升趋势;OPG/RANKL比值随时间呈下降趋势;持续静压力刺激12h后,A组与B、C1、C2组,B组与D1、D2组组间两两比较的OPG、RANKL及OPG/RANKL的比值的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论1)在高糖环境持续静压力刺激下,HPDLC分泌的IL-6、TNF-α浓度随时间呈现上升趋势;OPG的表达水平降低,RANKL的表达水平增加,OPG/RANKL的比值减小,提示高糖环境会促进骨吸收反应的发生;给予LLL照射干预后发现,IL-6、TNF-α的浓度出现下降,表明其可拮抗高糖环境所致的炎症因子水平的升高,并且能上调人HPDLC中OPG的表达,下调HPDLC中RANKL的表达,从而上调OPG/RANKL的比值,逆转高糖所致的骨代谢失衡。2)在3.75~5.625J/cm2这一能量密度范围内,随着给予的激光能量密度值的增大,其表现出的降低炎症因子及对HPDLC骨代谢的调控作用增强,提示在一定范围内,LLL调节骨改建的能力随剂量增加而增强。

心肌梗死介入治疗后sTRAIL-R2表达与颈动脉斑块细胞凋亡及炎症反应的相关性

目的探究心肌梗死患者介入治疗后可溶性肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体受体2(sTRAIL-R2)表达与颈动脉斑块细胞凋亡及炎症反应的相关性。方法选择2021年1月至2022年5月该院收治的心肌梗死行介入治疗后患者102例作为研究对象,对其行颈动脉内膜切除术获取颈动脉斑块片段,根据sTRAIL-R2表达水平分为sTRAIL-R2高表达组和sTRAIL-R2低表达组。检测患者斑块组织Bax、半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)-8、Caspase-3活性,CD45、CD68表达水平及白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和IL-1β水平,检测患者斑块组织细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达并分析sTRAIL-R2表达水平与患者斑块组织细胞凋亡、炎症反应的相关性。结果sTRAIL-R2高表达组患者斑块组织Caspase-8、Caspase-3活性,Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平,CD45、CD68阳性细胞检出数,IL-6、IL-10、CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β水平均高于sTRAIL-R2低表达组,B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)蛋白表达水平低于sTRAIL-R2低表达组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。sTRAIL-R2表达水平与Caspase-8、Caspase-3活性,CD45、CD68、IL-6、IL-10、CRP、TNF-α、IL-1β水平与Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平均呈正相关,与Bcl-2蛋白表达水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论sTRAIL-R2高表达可引起颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组织Caspase-8、Caspase-3活性升高,细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达水平上调,并引起斑块炎症反应加剧,可能导致易损斑块出现。

DR5在TRAIL诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 :研究DR5在介导TRAIL凋亡信号中的作用。方法 :用含人DR5细胞外全长结构域重组DR5免疫BALB C小鼠 ,制备抗DR5单克隆抗体 ;流式细胞仪检测Jurkat细胞表面DR5表达水平 ;采用TRAIL凋亡检测试剂盒 ,检测Jurkat细胞凋亡率及抗DR5单克隆抗体对TRAIL诱导细胞凋亡的阻断率。结果 :DR5在Jurkat细胞表面的表达率为 94 83% ,TRAIL和抗TRAIL单克隆抗体能够诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡 ,呈现明显的剂量相关性 ,TRAIL浓度在 5 0～ 10 0ng ml时 ,杀伤率达 90 %以上。预先用抗DR5单克隆抗体与Jurkat细胞作用后 ,TRAIL对Jurkat细胞的杀伤功能几乎完全被mAb所阻断 ,其平均阻断率达90 4 9%。结论 :DR5在TRAIL诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡中起着十分关键的作用。

小鼠GITRL基因的克隆和序列分析

目的 :克隆小鼠GITRL基因全长编码区的cDNA ,同时对其序列分析。方法 :采用RT PCR方法 ,从小鼠树突状细胞获得GITRL基因的cDNA ,克隆至pMD18 T载体 ,选择阳性克隆并进行序列测定。结果 :扩增得到的GITRL基因编码区cDNA的全长 5 19bp ,编码 173个氨基酸残基 ,与GeneBank中发表的序列完全一致。结论 :获得小鼠GITRL基因的克隆 ,为进一步研究其生物学功能提供基础。

宫颈癌细胞TRAIL死亡受体和诱骗受体表达的研究

目的:检测宫颈癌细胞HeLa表面TRAIL死亡受体(DR4、DR5)及诱骗受体(DcR1、DcR2)的表达差异,研究HeLa细胞系对TRAIL蛋白诱导的凋亡敏感程度。方法:应用MTT法检测TRAIL蛋白对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的诱导凋亡率,分析宫颈癌细胞对TRAIL蛋白的敏感程度;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术(RTPCR)、流式细胞术,检测人宫颈癌细胞HeLa表面TRAIL受体DR4、DR5、DcR1、DcR2mRNA和蛋白的表达,分析宫颈癌细胞表面死亡受体DR4、DR5与诱骗受体DcR1、DcR2表达的相对程度。结果:HeLa细胞对TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡反应有较高的敏感性,在较低浓度(100ng/ml)TRAIL的作用下,即有接近50%的细胞杀伤率。HeLa细胞表面DR4、DR5受体mRNA的表达明显高于DcR1、DcR2受体,差异有显著性(P<0.01),DR4、DR5受体之间及DcR1、DcR2受体之间表达差异无显著性(P>0.01)。HeLa细胞表面DcR1,DcR2受体蛋白的表达率(17.7%、5.3%)明显较DR4,DR5受体表达率(99.9%、97.8%)低(P<0.01)。结论:宫颈癌细胞HeLa对TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡反应有较高的敏感性,而且DcR1、DcR2在宫颈癌细胞表面的表达程度相对低于DR4、DR5,将TRAIL用于治疗宫颈癌具有潜在的应用前景。

TRAIL、TRAIL-R在原发性肝癌及其癌旁组织中的表达

目的检测肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)及其受体在原发性肝癌(PHC)及癌旁组织中的表达。方法收集PHC及癌旁组织各30例,采用半定量RT-PCR方法,对TRAIL及其受体的表达作半定量检测。结果(1)30例癌组织及癌旁组织中均有TRAIL及其死亡受体4(DR4)、死亡受体5(DR5)、“诱骗”受体1,2(DcR1、DcR2)的表达。(2)TRAIL、DcR1及DcR2在癌组织中的表达量较之癌旁组织明显降低(P<0.01),而DR4、DR5的表达量则高于癌旁组织;(3)PHC组织中4种受体之间,DR4及DR5的表达量明显高于DcR1及DcR2,且PHC组织中4种受体间的表达量存在相关性。结论PHC及其癌旁组织中均存在TRAIL及其受体的表达,且有表达量的差异。

人GITR基因的克隆和序列分析

目的:克隆人GITR基因全长编码区的cDNA,同时对其序列进行分析。方法:采用RT-PCR方法,从正常人外周血单个核细胞获得GITR基因的cDNA,克隆至pGEM-T载体,选择阳性克隆并进行序列测定。结果:扩增得到的人GITR基因编码区cDNA的全长726 bp,编码241个氨基酸残基,与GeneBank注册的序列完全一致。结论:获得人类GITR基因的克隆,为进一步研究其生物学功能奠定了基础。

mGITRL真核表达质粒的构建及其在Lewis细胞中的表达

目的:构建含小鼠GITRL基因的真核表达质粒pIRES2-eGFP/mGITRL,体外转染小鼠肺癌细胞株Lewis细胞。方法:利用PCR方法扩增mGITRL基因,克隆至pIRES2-eGFP载体,选择阳性克隆并进行序列测定。以电穿孔法转染Lewis细胞,通过G418筛选,获得稳定表达细胞株。结果:构建了真核表达质粒pIRES2-eGFP/mGITRL,基因测序与GenBank中发表的序列完全一致,体外转染Lewis细胞,经G418筛选,体外传代30代以上,RT-PCR及流式细胞仪检测该细胞株稳定表达mGITRL。结论:成功构建了真核表达质粒pIRES2-eGFP/mGITRL,并在小鼠Lewis细胞中稳定表达,为进一步研究GITRL的生物学功能提供研究基础。

APRIL及其受体在结直肠癌变过程中表达水平的改变

目的探讨APRIL及其受体表达水平在结直肠癌变过程中的作用。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR(RFQ-PCR)技术检测结直癌发生各阶段组织中APRIL及其受体mRNA水平,并以靶基因和内参β_2-M mRNA含量的比值作为评价靶基因表达水平的指标。结果 APRIL在中、重度异型增生肠组织及原位癌、浸润癌组织中表达水平显著高于正常肠黏膜(P＜0．05),APRIL在癌组织中表达水平显著高于中、重度异型增生肠组织(P＜0．05),而其受体BCMA和TACI在结直肠癌发生各阶段的表达水平无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论 APRIL在结直肠癌的病变演进过程中呈现累积和渐进趋势,可能在结直肠癌发生、发展过程中起了重要作用,有可能成为结直肠癌早期诊断和抗癌治疗的靶分子。

TRAIL联合放射线诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251凋亡的协同作用研究

目的:研究肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)对人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251的凋亡诱导作用及与放射线联合应用的协同作用,并探讨不同剂量TRAIL对人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251凋亡率的影响。方法:利用显微镜、流式细胞仪,观察和检测不同剂量TRAIL、放射线、TRAIL加放射线对传代培养的人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251的凋亡诱导作用,比较各组间肿瘤细胞凋亡率的差异。结果:TRAIL作用后镜下可见到人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251凋亡的典型表现,不同剂量TRAIL均有诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251凋亡的作用,联合应用放射线后U251细胞凋亡率显著提高。结论:TRAIL可有效的诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞株U251凋亡,并和放射线有显著协同作用。

GITRL对Kupffer细胞内脂多糖诱导的吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶的作用研究

目的:研究糖皮质激素诱导的TNF受体配体(GITRL)对Kupffer细胞(KCs)内脂多糖(LPS)诱导的吲哚胺2,3双加氧酶(IDO)的影响。方法:分离小鼠KCs后分为5组:Control组,只加培养基;LPS组,加入LPS(10μg/ml);LPS+Control siRNA组,转染Control siRNA后同LPS组;LPS+GITRLsiRNA组,转染GITRLsiRNA后同LPS组;LPS+Dex组,地塞米松(100μmol/L)处理后同LPS组。处理24小时后,分别采用免疫细胞化学染色、蛋白免疫印记和ELISA法检测KCs的GITRL、IDO表达及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α分泌。结果:和Control组比较,LPS刺激后KCs上GITRL的表达明显上调(P<0.05),而沉默GITRL基因或者使用地塞米松能减弱其升高(P<0.05)。LPS可以诱导IDO和TNF-α在KCs上的高表达,然而GITRL基因沉默可以抑制其诱导的IDO和TNF-α的表达(P<0.05),同样地塞米松预处理也能够减弱其诱导的IDO和TNF-α的表达(P<0.05)。结论:GITRL介导了KCs内LPS诱导的IDO,地塞米松可通过下调GITRL的表达以降低LPS诱导的IDO。

As_2O_3对TRAIL抑制人肺癌A549细胞增殖及调节DR4 mRNA、DR5 mRNA表达作用的影响

目的观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)抑制人肺癌A549细胞增殖作用的影响及机制。方法体外培养A549细胞至对数生长期后随机分为As2O3组、TRAIL组、联合组及对照组,As2O3组分别加入1、10μmol/L As2O3,TRAIL组加入100μg/L TRAIL,联合组分别加入1μmol/L As2O3+100μg/L TRAIL、10μmol/L As2O3+100μg/L TRAIL,对照组加入DMEM培养液。四组均继续培养24、48、72 h,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞生长情况,计算细胞增殖抑制率(IR);用RT-PCR法检测死亡受体4(DR4)mRNA、死亡受体5(DR5)mRNA表达变化。结果联合组IR显著高于As2O3组及TRAIL组,尤以作用48 h和72h为著(P均<0.05);联合组DR4 mRNA和DR5 mRNA表达均明显强于As2O3组及TRAIL组(P均<0.05)。结论 As2O3可增强TRAIL对A549细胞增殖的抑制作用,机制可能为上调DR4 mRNA和DR5 mRNA表达;此为肺癌的临床靶向治疗提供了依据。