Eco-Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies in Côte d’Ivoire, 2012-2017

Introduction: Human rabies is a major public health problem in many African countries, including Côte d’Ivoire. The present work aims at describing the eco-epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases recorded in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional descriptive study based on epidemiological surveillance data that ran from september 2014 to december 2017. The clinical data were extracted from the database of the human rabies epidemiological surveillance management service of the National Institute of Public Hygiene’s rabies centre. These data cover the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Results: Human rabies is endemic in Côte d’Ivoire, with most people exposed in the south and especially in the west of the country. There was no association between any of the climatological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall) and the occurrence of human rabies during the months of exposure to rabies infection. Conclusion: Ultimately, effective prevention and control of human rabies requires a thorough understanding of the links between climatological parameters and rabies. Health authorities must take ownership of these results if we are to achieve our goal of eliminating rabies by 2030.

Update on Canine and Human Rabies in a Rabies Endemic Situation in the Republic of Guinea

Each year, rabies kills nearly 60,000 people worldwide. Asia and Africa are the most affected. It is a public health problem because of the number of stray dogs in these nations. In Guinea, rabies is endemic and cases are often under-reported. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of rabies among human and animal exposures in Guinea. This was a retrospective analytical study from 2019 to 2021 conducted in the country’s human and veterinary health divisions and, primarily focused on rabies épidémiologique surveillance. The selection was based on human contact with an animal causing behavioural disorders, as well as animals put under observation following aggression on humans. The data were analysed using Epi Info version 21 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as proportions with 95% CIs, quantitative variables as mean ± standard deviation. The chi2 test and the Fischer exact test were used to compare proportions. A total of 85 veterinary facilities were visited and 100 animals registered, of which 93% were reported cases of exposure to canine rabies. One thousand five hundred and thirty-one (1531) people exposed to rabies were recorded between 2019 and 2021. During the period, the prevalence of human rabies was 0.533% [0.042 - 0.064] at 95% CI and that of canine rabies was 0.55% [0.039 - 0.061] at 95% CI. The biting animal was the dog in 97.2% of cases. Subjects over 45 years of age (57.7%) were the most affected. The prevalence of canine rabies was 0.5% compared with 0.533% for human rabies between 2019 and 2021. This low prevalence does not reflect the true extent of the phenomenon in Guinea, as few people consult health structures in the event of dog bites. Regular surveillance of the human and dog population is necessary for better rabies control in Guinea.

Analysis of Epidemiological Investigations and Responses to Human Rabies Deaths in Côte d’Ivoire, 2021

Rabies is an infectious disease that almost always leads to death as soon as the first signs appear, and is still endemic in several regions, including Côte d’Ivoire. Epidemiological investigations are carried out and response measures implemented in the event of any death from human rabies. However, the quality of these investigations does not always allow the adoption of response measures. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reports of epidemiological investigations and response actions carried out during the occurrence of human rabies deaths from 2016 to 2018. This was a cross-sectional study that took place from April to September 2021 at the National Institute of Public Hygiene and focused on human rabies deaths notified from 206 to 2018. Of sixty-one (61) human rabies deaths recorded, sixty (60) were investigated, among which fifty-nine (59) deaths had been subject to response. Most deaths occurred in rural areas (75%), and the main vector was the dog (98%). Several shortcomings were noted: response actions were not carried out promptly;joint interventions bringing together human and animal health professionals were rare, there was little communication about rabies to communities (36%), and very little vaccination of the vector, the source of the disease (12%);an almost total absence of capacity-building for local players (7%);the health districts of Abobo-Ouest, Bondoukou, Divo and Fresco, which had regularly recorded human rabies deaths, had not benefited from dog vaccination, which is supposed to break the circulation of the virus. The persistence of rabies deaths in the health districts could probably be linked to these shortcomings. Faced with these realities, it is essential to strengthen the epidemiological investigation capacities of the players involved, in order to improve the quality of investigations and ensure an effective response.

Analysis of Epidemiological Investigations and Responses to Human Rabies Deaths in Côte d’Ivoire, 2021

Rabies is an infectious disease that almost always leads to death as soon as the first signs appear, and is still endemic in several regions, including Côte d’Ivoire. Epidemiological investigations are carried out and response measures implemented in the event of any death from human rabies. However, the quality of these investigations does not always allow the adoption of response measures. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reports of epidemiological investigations and response actions carried out during the occurrence of human rabies deaths from 2016 to 2018. This was a cross-sectional study that took place from April to September 2021 at the National Institute of Public Hygiene and focused on human rabies deaths notified from 206 to 2018. Of sixty-one (61) human rabies deaths recorded, sixty (60) were investigated, among which fifty-nine (59) deaths had been subject to response. Most deaths occurred in rural areas (75%), and the main vector was the dog (98%). Several shortcomings were noted: response actions were not carried out promptly;joint interventions bringing together human and animal health professionals were rare, there was little communication about rabies to communities (36%), and very little vaccination of the vector, the source of the disease (12%);an almost total absence of capacity-building for local players (7%);the health districts of Abobo-Ouest, Bondoukou, Divo and Fresco, which had regularly recorded human rabies deaths, had not benefited from dog vaccination, which is supposed to break the circulation of the virus. The persistence of rabies deaths in the health districts could probably be linked to these shortcomings. Faced with these realities, it is essential to strengthen the epidemiological investigation capacities of the players involved, in order to improve the quality of investigations and ensure an effective response.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination ofβ-propiolactone in human inactivated rabies vaccine and its hydrolysis analysis

A simple method was established for the determination of β-propiolactone(BPL) in human inactivated rabies vaccine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The determination was performed on an Agilent HP-INNOWAX(30 m ? 0.32 mm i.d., 0.25 mm) capillary column at the temperature of 80 °C.Electrospray ionization(ESI) was used by selective ion detection at m/z 42. The temperature for ESI source and inlet was set at 230 °C and 200 °C, respectively. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 25.1 m L/min. The total run time was 8 min. Acetonitrile and other components in the sample did not interfere with the determination of BPL. The results showed good linearity of BPL in the range of0.50–10.01 μg/mL, with the limit of detection and the limit of quantification of 0.015 μg/mL and0.050 μg/mL, respectively. Satisfactory precision was achieved for the current developed method. The method was applied to detect 6 batches of vaccine samples, and the results indicated that the target analyte BPL was present in three batches of unpurified samples, but was not detected in the purified samples, indicating the test samples were qualified. The established method was proved to be simple,versatile and sensitive, which can meet the requirements of quality control of BPL in human inactivated rabies vaccine.

Rabies Virus Neutralizing Activity,Safety,and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Rabies Antibody Compared with Human Rabies Immunoglobulin in Healthy Adults

Objective Preliminary assessment of rabies virus neutralizing activity,safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant human rabies antibody(NM57)compared with human rabies immunoglobulin(HRIG)in Chinese healthy adults.Methods Subjects were randomly(1:1:1)allocated to Groups A(20 IU/kg NM57),B(40 IU/kg NM57),or C(20 IU/kg HRIG).One injection was given on the day of enrollment.Blood samples were collected on days-7 to 0(pre-injection),3,7,14,28,and 42.Adverse events(AEs)and serious AEs(SAEs)were recorded over a period of 42 days after injection.Results All 60 subjects developed detectable rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)(>0.05 IU/mL)on days 3,7,14,28,and 42.The RVNA levels peaked on day 3 in all three groups,with a geometric mean concentration(GMC)of 0.2139 IU/mL in Group A,0.3660 IU/mL in Group B,and0.1994 IU/mL in Group C.At each follow-up point,the GMC in Group B was significantly higher than that in Groups A and C.The areas under the antibody concentration curve over 0-14 days and 0-42 days in Group B were significantly larger than those in Groups A and C.Fifteen AEs were reported.Except for one grade 2 myalgia in Group C,the other 14 were all grade 1.No SAEs were observed.Conclusion The rabies virus neutralizing activity of 40 IU/kg NM57 was superior to that of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG,and the rabies virus neutralizing activity of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG were similar.Safety was comparable between NM57 and HRIG.

Acute motor axonal neuropathy following anti-rabies human diploid cell vaccine:A rare case and review

Rationale:Guillain Barre syndrome(GBS)is an acute neurological illness leading to quadriparesis with respiratory involvement.It can be triggered by infections,vaccinations,surgery,trauma,transplantation and drugs.Anti-rabies cell culture vaccines introduced to overcome the high rate of neurological complications associated with tissue based rabies vaccine,can be very rarely associated with GBS.Patient concerns:A 50-year-old female presented with acute severe upper back pain evolving into pure motor quadriparesis following administration of human diploid cell vaccine for rabies.Diagnosis:Acute motor axonal neuropathy variant of GBS following anti-rabies human diploid cell vaccine.Interventions:Intravenous high dose steroids.Outcomes:Patient recovered completely within 1 month.Lessons:Although anti-rabies cell culture vaccines are highly immunogenic and safe,they are rarely associated with GBS.Clinicians should be aware of this link because prompt diagnosis and treatment can result in complete recovery and avoid complications.

Fatal cases of animal-mediated human rabies: Looking beyond sectoral prism to One Health

This issue of Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine has published a case report[1].This report detailed an atypical fatal case of fox-mediated human rabies.It once again reemphasized the importance of zoonotic disease transmission by animals(including wildlife),and a need to look introspectively in order to consider innovative solutions aimed at reducing the burden of zoonoses.Rabies continues to significantly impact human lives.

Laboratory Confirmation of Human Rabies by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR Bamako: Report of a Case in a 4-Year-Old Girl at the Mali Hospital

Rabies is a zoonotic disease of viral origin transmitted mainly to humans by biting or licking the injured skin of sick animals. It is an untreatable disease that is fatal once it has been declared. Worldwide, 59,000 cases of rabies-related deaths are recorded each year. The diagnosis of rabies is clinical, biological, and anatomopathological. The aim was to establish the laboratory confirmation capacity for human rabies in Mali. The patient, a Malian female, aged four years, was bitten by a dog around her house in district sixth of Bamako near national road number six in 2020. The patient visited the doctor after a two-month bite. However, she was neither referred to the health center for an effective therapeutic measure nor vaccination (post-exposure prophylaxis). The patient was presented with psychomotor excitation, hypersalivation, aerophobia, and hydrophobia symptoms and visited a Malian hospital named “Hospital of Mali”. The patient was admitted with a history of animal bites and symptoms of rabies, and the patient was classified as a probable rabies case. The patient was then referred to an infectious disease physician and hospitalized. After referring the patient to the infectious disease physician, the physician sent oral swab and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to confirm to the Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology. Human rabies was confirmed (RT-PCR) by the zoonotic unit of the Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology. Diagnosis and therapy of human rabies without post-exposure management after a dog bites were still challenging. It was possible to confirm the human rabies case in Mali by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR.

IMT504: A New and Potent Adjuvant for Rabies Vaccines Permitting Significant Dose Sparing

Background: Rabies virus infection causes encephalitis, which is almost always fatal. Vaccination can be extremely effective at preventing disease but is prohibitively costly. Vaccine formulations allowing dose-sparing and fewer inoculations with faster antibody response would be extremely desirable. IMT504, an immunostimulatory non-CpG oligo-deoxynucleotide, is a highly potent vaccine adjuvant. Methods: Human and rat antibody measurements, and rat chal-lenge studies were performed. Results: In rats, highly effective immune responses with IMT504 were observed even after diluting vaccine up to 1/625. In highly lethal, live intracerebral rabies challenge studies, protection occurred even with extremely dilute vaccine plus IMT504. In humans, antibody titers developed faster and were significantly higher with IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine vs non-adjuvanted vaccine (full strength or diluted). All five administered IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached protective antibodies (≥0.5 IU/ml) after the second injection. After the third injection, individuals receiving IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached levels approximately 10 times higher than controls (M ± SEM: 31.0 ± 10.9 vs 3.40 ± 0.99 IU/ml). Conclusions: These data suggest that IMT504 may allow fewer inoculations, highly significant dose-sparing of vaccine, rapid antibody production and protection from rabies. Extensive clinical studies are necessary to confirm if the use of IMT504 will permit significantly greater access to highly effective life-saving rabies vaccines.

Spontaneous Rabies in a Stray Bitch after Parturition Induced Immunosuppression —Investigating an Impending Outbreak of Rabies with One Health Approach

Background: Rabies is endemic in India and every half an hour a person dies of this dreaded disease. Stray roaming dogs, mostly unvaccinated, are most dangerous host in spread of rabies in India and in our state of Himachal Pradesh. Timely prophylaxis is the only method to save animal bite victims, including that of rabid dog bite patients. Objectives: Objective of this study was to investigate an impending outbreak of rabies in Shimla town in the absence of life saving rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs) in the market, and to know the source of infection by using one health approach and using epidemiological tools. Methods: On April 7, 2015, there was a sudden surge in cases of suspected rabid dog bites. Impending rabies outbreak was suspected as there were no RIGs available in the market. A rapid Response Team (RRT) consisting of the author, veterinary doctor, dog squad of Municipal Corporation (MC) Shimla along with the vehicles to impound rabid dogs was constituted to investigate the terror spread by two rabid dogs on biting spree in the Shimla Municipality. Results: A total of 18 people were bitten by suspected rabid dogs within three days period. A black bitch and a brown dog, on the identity of affected people, were captured by the dog squad of Municipality next day on April 8, 2015 and taken to Dog Sterilization Centre, Animal Birth Control (ABC) programme, MC Shimla for observation. The most furious Black bitch died of clinically confirmed symptoms of furious rabies after three days. The second rabid dog, brown in color, died after a month of observation due to paralytic dumb rabies. The brain of the brown dog was extracted for Fluorescent Antibody Testing (FAT) at central research Institute (CRI) Kasauli and was found to be positive for FAT. Follow up of patients was 100% by house to house visit and over telephone and no casualty was reported. Conclusion: While we were working on hypothesis of rabid dogs getting the infection from nearby forest about 8 - 10 KM away but on follow up of the patients, they reported that both the dog and bitch used to stay in the compound of their colony since the bitch was pregnant and there was no history of the bitch moving for away to forests neither any outside dog which was seen near them in the compound. This led us to think of other causes of what must had happened to the bitch that caused her to be rabid as for the past 9 years we had observed bitches becoming rabid after litter birth (Whelping) and making their pups rabid due to licking. Since the carrier state for rabies virus in bitches/dogs is known and a state of immunosuppression after whelping/parturition is also known, therefore there is a possibility of latent rabies virus getting activated due to immunosuppression after litter birth and it is thought to be as one of the probable causes of black bitch getting rabid and inflicting the infection to accompanying brown dog. We need to do further studies to ascertain this phenomenon before coming to a definite conclusion and suspect such a possibility in case a dam suddenly becomes rabid among a pack of stray dogs in rabies endemic countries like ours.

不同感染方式对狂犬病病毒在人二倍体细胞中增殖的影响

目的考察带毒传代感染、直接吸附感染、混种传代感染三种方式感染人二倍体细胞对狂犬病病毒增殖的影响。方法不同方式感染后,经过细胞工厂生产,获取狂犬病病毒收获液,经过滤澄清、浓缩、纯化、灭活制备疫苗原液。根据《中华人民共和国药典》(2020版)检测方法检测收获液病毒滴度及原液抗原含量。结果带毒传代组的收获液病毒滴度为(6.40±0.33)lgLD50·mL^(-1),原液抗原含量为(34.8±1.5)IU·mL^(-1);混种传代感染组的收获液病毒滴度为(6.35±0.18)lgLD50·mL^(-1),原液抗原含量为(34.3±2.1)IU·mL^(-1);直接吸附感染组收获液病毒滴度为(4.71±0.39)lgLD50·mL^(-1),原液抗原含量为(12.6±2.0)IU·mL^(-1)。结论试验证明狂犬病病毒PV株采用混种传代感染的方式感染人二倍体细胞MRC-5细胞,病毒增殖效果良好,毒种代次明确,工艺操作简单,更适合于狂犬疫苗的生产。

人用狂犬病疫苗pH值质量分析

目的:了解人用狂犬病疫苗pH值质控现状,为做好人用狂犬病疫苗质量评价提供数据支持。方法:采用《中华人民共和国药典》三部pH值测定法,对国内15家企业人用狂犬病疫苗进行测定,每批疫苗测3次;对测得的结果进行趋势分析;并对人用狂犬病疫苗pH值质量控制进行讨论。结果与结论:测定结果显示,有14家企业的42批疫苗pH值在7.41~7.63,1家企业3批疫苗pH值在7.68~7.73;15家企业45批疫苗pH平均值为7.51,均在7.2~8.0的合格范围。不同病毒类疫苗的pH值标准各不相同,但对狂犬病毒而言,pH值在7.2~8.0之间能保持较好的生物学活性,因此适宜的pH值对维持狂犬病疫苗的安全、有效至关重要。

狂犬病疫苗效价测定改良NIH法建立及应用

目的按照动物试验3R原则,建立改良NIH法(modified NIH,M-NIH)即单一稀释法检测狂犬病疫苗效价,替代传统的NIH法。方法通过比较单一稀释度的待检疫苗与第八批狂犬病疫苗效力试验用国家标准品的小鼠保护率,建立狂犬病疫苗效价测定的改良NIH法,并对该方法进行重复性、准确性及适用性验证。采用M-NIH法和NIH法对52批狂犬病疫苗进行比较研究,再联合9家实验室验证共计247批次,使用Kappa系数和Mcnemar-Bowker检验评价两种方法的一致性。并采用3家企业生产的狂犬病疫苗,进行适用性验证。对M-NIH法获批准后近4年来应用于狂犬病疫苗批签发检验做回顾性分析。结果52批次狂犬病疫苗效价测定的两种方法比较研究结果显示,两种方法的符合率为92.3%(Kappa=0.82,P<0.01);247批次扩大验证结果表明两种方法的符合率为80.2%(Kappa=0.54,P<0.01)。采用M-NIH法测定标准品保护率时,实验室内变异系数为21.7%,实验室间变异系数为23.4%。3家企业批签发狂犬病疫苗适用性验证结果表明M-NIH重复性检测结果与NIH结果符合率为100%。近4年来批签发机构采用M-NIH法抽检820批狂犬病疫苗效价,合格率为93.8%;M-NIH不合格批次最终经NIH法测定后,合格率合计为99.8%。结论建立了改良NIH法。该方法获得批准后用于狂犬病疫苗的效价检测,大大减少了动物使用量,提高了狂犬病疫苗的批签发效率。

某狂犬病人免疫球蛋白产品连续3年不良反应分析研究

目的:研究分析某狂犬病人免疫球蛋白产品上市后连续3年的不良反应情况,评估其安全性,确保接种者的接种安全。方法:收集分析该狂犬病人免疫球蛋白产品3年内(2017—2019年)的临床使用情况及不良反应情况,并与全国疫苗不良反应数据比较。结果:3年间该狂犬病人免疫球蛋白产品销售3073083瓶,全国共向国家药品不良反应监测中心提交32例因接种该产品引起的不良反应报告。其中异常反应5例、一般反应27例;愈后结果为15例痊愈,15例好转,2例不详;不良反应报告数与产品使用量比率约为0.0104‰,不良反应率低于同期疫苗不良反应发生率(χ^(2)=35.863,P<0.05)。结论:该狂犬病人免疫球蛋白产品不良反应发生率低,对人体相对安全,具有良好的接种适宜性和安全性。

云南省2000—2020年狂犬病流行病学特征分析

目的:分析云南省2000—2020年狂犬病流行病学分布特征。方法:收集云南省狂犬病疫情资料和数据。根据历史疫情资料,将云南省分为东部疫区和西部疫区;又按北回归线将云南省分为北部疫区和南部疫区。采用描述流行病学方法比较分析各疫区和各地州在2000—2020年狂犬病流行波中呈现出的流行病学分布特征。结果:2000—2020年,云南省共报告996例人间狂犬病病例,波及所有16个地州80.62%(104/129)的县(区)。病例数总体呈东高西低,东西部疫区又各自呈南高北低的分布特征;东西部疫区病例数之比为3.79∶1,南北部疫区病例数之比为1.34∶1。东部疫区年平均发病率(0.14/10万)高于西部疫区(0.06/10万),南部疫区年平均发病率(0.17/10万)高于北部疫区(0.07/10万)。年平均发病率较高地州集中在南部疫区,依次为西双版纳傣族自治州(0.28/10万)、文山壮族苗族自治州(0.28/10万)和红河哈尼族彝族自治州(0.22/10万)。结论:中国、老挝、越南交界的边境地区应考虑为云南省狂犬病监测、防控和研究的重点地区。

人用狂犬病疫苗及其应用研究进展

狂犬病是由狂犬病毒引起的人兽共患疾病,尚无有效治疗方法,其预防措施主要为暴露前或暴露后接种人用狂犬病疫苗。随着科技的进步,人用狂犬病疫苗的生产工艺不断发展创新,疫苗质量不断提高,为人类抵抗狂犬病提供了更安全、有效的防控手段。然而,狂犬病免疫预防目前亟待解决疫苗接种依从性差、接种率低等难题。我国须积极探索有效应对策略,加速更新现有免疫程序,切实提高狂犬病疫苗接种率,尽早实现2030年消除狂犬病的目标。

Human rabies in China:evidence-based suggestions for improved case detection and data gathering

Background:China still suffers heavily from rabies,although reported human cases continue to decrease year over year.There are far fewer laboratory-confirmed human cases than clinically diagnosed cases,which is a big problem that needs to be addressed.In this report,we summarize analyses of all specimens from human cases tested in our laboratory over the past 15 years,in order to promote laboratory diagnosis of rabies.Methods:From 2005 to 2019,a total of 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases were collected from local hospitals by the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in China.Saliva,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),serum(blood)and urine were collected for ante-mortem diagnosis,and brain tissue,neck skin tissue and cornea were collected for post-mortem diagnosis.All of the specimens were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and brain tissues were also tested using fluorescent antibody test(FAT).The number of positive test results obtained using different fluids or tissues,and at different stages of the disease,were compared using a chi-square test and a more effective sampling program is recommended.Results:As the national reference laboratory for rabies surveillance in China,our laboratory has tested 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases collected by local CDCs since 2005.We found that saliva gave the highest number of positive test results(32%),compared with CSF and other fluids.We also found that serum or blood specimens collected in the last 3 days of life can test positive by RT-PCR.Conclusions:Serum or blood samples collected in the last 3 days of a patient’s life can be used to measure viral RNA,which means that serum samples,as well as saliva and CSF,can be used to detect viral RNA for anti-mortem diagnosis of rabies.Because of our findings,we have modified our“National Surveillance Project for Human Rabies”,by adding the collection and testing of serum samples from the end of the survival period.This will improve our national surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of human rabies.

1例接种人用狂犬病疫苗(Vero细胞)偶合化脓性脑膜炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎的调查

2021年12月9日某儿童接种人用狂犬病疫苗(Vero细胞)后发生化脓性脑膜炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎,为了解其发生的情况与接种疫苗的关系,县、乡两级免疫规划专业人员先后收集了受种者、疫苗生产企业及接种方相关资料,对该疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)病例开展专项调查,现报告如下。

2007年福建省疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊病例流行病学分析

目的分析被动物咬伤到犬伤门诊就诊病例的流行病学因素，为加强狂犬病防治工作提供依据。方法采用描述性研究方法，对狂犬病暴露病例的性别、年龄、就诊时间、暴露级别、伤口处理、狂犬病疫苗及人狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种及时性以及伤人动物类别等因素进行统计分析；结果2007年福建省疾病控制中心犬伤门诊共接诊4 128例，其中10岁以下儿童和21-41岁年龄组被咬伤人数最多；暴露者能在5h内及时就诊的仅占14.22%；使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白人数占应使用者的14.27%；宠物犬咬伤占64.27%。结论必须加强对群众的狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育，普及狂犬病的防治知识，加强全省犬的管理，在被动物致伤后应及时清洗伤口，并及时到疾病预防控制机构或医疗机构接种狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白。