Systematic and Theoretical Unfolding of Research on Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protect-ing human rights stand as a shining example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist human rights theory,embodying profound theoretical,political,practical,and cultural logic.Existing research has conducted comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and academic extractions on the following contents:the core essence in-herent in these important discourses,including the“theory of human rights concepts,”the“theory of human rights paths,”the“theory of human rights practices,”the“theory of human rights protection,”and the“theory of human rights governance,”along with their profound theoretical significance,practical significance,and global signifi-cance.In the future,researchers should emphasize efforts on studying the original texts and understanding the original principles.While focusing on the precision of concepts,the scientific nature of the prop-ositions,the maturity of theoretical systems,and the rigor of internal logic related to Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights,researchers should also pay attention to constructing a discourse system on human rights from the dimensions of discourse power,discourse cluster,and discourse field.Researchers should be adept at drawing innovative insights into human rights theory from China’s vibrant human rights practices and the vast masses of people.This approach will facilitate the systematic unfolding,academic trans-formation,and innovative development of Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.

The Historic Achievements of the Communist Party of China in Respecting and Protecting Human Rights in the New Era

In the new era,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has made historic achievements in respecting and protecting human rights.Building upon the principle of the“two integrations”(integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),it has nurtured new theories on respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,which can address the fundamental questions of whom and what the human rights protection efforts in the new era are for.Guided by the principle of“taking our own path,”it has charted a distinct course for the development of human rights,diverging from the Western approach.The CPC has maintained the unity between Party leadership and the respect for and protection of human rights,promoting progress in human rights through the pursuit of“high-quality development,”and ensuring various fundamental rights of the people through the rule of law.Building upon the past experience,the CPC has established the“source”of the institutional framework for respecting and protecting human rights in the new era,crafted the“body”of this institutional framework,and introduced its practical“application.”In promoting the comprehensive advancement of human rights protection,the CPC has facilitated the connotative development of human rights protection in China,empowering China in international human rights discourse,and contributing Chinese strength and wisdom to global human rights governance.

The Development of Human Rights Protection in Cross-border Personality Rights and Tort Conflict Laws

Personality rights are basic rights related to human dignity in the concept of human rights protection,and respect for personality rights is the basic prerequisite for safeguarding other human rights.Human rights protection exerts a profound impact on the value of legislation and enforcement practices of private international laws in the field of cross-border personality rights infringement in various countries,which is mainly manifested in the integration of substantive justice and the humanistic care concept of protecting the rights of vulnerable groups into formal justice,and expands the development space of human rights protection ideas in cross-border personality rights and tort conflict laws.the diversity of human rights protection values determines that cross-border personality rights infringement may lead to conflicts between personality rights and other basic rights,such as freedom of speech.to reconcile such conflicts,a workable method is to prioritize personality rights protection in accordance with the hierarchy of rights theory in the value judgment of public order reservation or to clarify the limits of the right holder’s tolerance obligation through the limited application of the principle of proportionality.China’s current cross-border personality rights and tort conflict law can optimize the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups by diversifying the options of available legal methods,and establish a balancing mechanism between personality rights and freedom of speech,so as to improve China’s legal protection system for human rights in the field of foreign-related civil and commercial affairs.

The Protection of Human Rights in the Construction of Barrier-free Environment--Viewed from the perspective of the Marxist Human Rights Concept

The construction of a barrier-free environment contains a rich connotation of human rights protection,and is closely related to the study of human rights protection in China.With the evolution of the concept of barrier-free design and the expansion of its beneficiary groups,constructing a barrier-free environment has become a basic task that benefits all members of society and meets the public needs of all the people,with its core goal expanding from the protection of the rights of the disabled to the protection of the basic rights and interests of all members of society.Building a barrier-free environment from the perspective of the Marxist human rights concept is conducive to safeguarding the people’s right to subsistence and development,and at the same time,it satisfies their demand for the right to pursue a high-quality and better life and reflects the common vision of everyone in society fully enjoying human rights.promoting the construction of a barrier-free environment in terms of legal protection based on China’s institutional advantages can improve and innovate the country’s legislation on the construction of a barrier-free environment,so as to play an exemplary and guiding role in enhancing the international barrier-free level and enable all people to enjoy the good life created through the drive to build a barrier-free environment.

The Core of the Chinese Democracy Is to Respect and Protect Human Rights——A Summary of the Academic Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection

On March 26,2023,a Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection was held,jointly organized by the National Human Rights Education and Training Base and the Human Rights Research Center of Central South University under the guidance of the Chinese Society for Human Rights Studies.The event adopted a combination of online and offline channels.Over 30 experts and scholars from universities,research institutions,and practical departments across the country participated in extensive discussions on“Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Chinese Democracy and Protection of Human Rights.”The seminar aimed to focused on the essence,characteristics,advantages,and human rights implications of Chinese democracy and interpreted the concept of Chinese democracy and the protection of human rights through academic and theoretical methods.

Multilevel Protection of Human Rights in the Inter-American System: Existence of this Protection at International and National Levels

This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.

Advancing Rule of Law in Human Rights Protection While Developing a “Socialist Rule of Law System with Chinese Characteristics”

It is very timely and necessary for us to hold this seminar in the beautiful Suzhou Campus of Renmin University of China to deeply study and implement the decisions of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,push forward the construction of China’s rule of law and jointly discuss the development of China’s human rights cause.

Preservation of Human Rights as the Basis and Objective of a Modern State Governance System

A good state governance system, which features democracy, scientific decision-making, efficiency, civility and rule of law, is indispensable for realizing the Chinese Dream. As both the foundation and the objective of a good governance system, human rights protection should be integrated in all the processes of building a modern governance system. Adherence to public law in administration should be guaranteed in this connection.

Human Rights Protection Under China's Judicial System——An Interview with Xiao Yang, President of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China

Question: As you know. attention is now growing in China and outside to judicial protection of human rights. As President of the Supreme People’s Court and China’s top judge, would you make some comments on protection of human rights under China’s juridical system?

Boost the Modernization of Human Rights Protection Systems and Endeavor to Fulfill the Chinese Dream——An Address at the Opening Ceremony of the 7th Beijing Forum on Human Rights, Sept. 17, 2014

This session of the Forum has the theme, “The Chinese Dream： New Progress in the Cause of Human Rights in China.” This theme concentrates on such important subtopics as “The Chinese Dream and Human Rights” ,

Status of the Russian Human Rights Commissioner in the Russian State Power System and Practice of Human Rights Protection

In the 1990 s,Russia set up its system of human rights commissioners Although it does not have a long history,the system has been basically established,and it has played an important role in promoting the protection of human rights and social development in Russia,as well as responding to unfriendly comments from the international community At the same time,Russia’s system of human rights commissioners remains insufficient in compulsory execution,the division of functions and powers,sources of funding,legal status,and operational efficiency These problems originate from deficient organizational design and external factors,including historical conditions,domestic politics,and international politics In the near future,Russia should strive to improve and develop its system of human rights commissioners under the cautious consideration of both internal and external factors.

On the System Structure of Socialist Human Rights Theory with Chinese Characteristics

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important statements on respecting and protecting human rights provide authoritative guidance for constructing a socialist human rights theory with Chinese characteristics. Based on his remarks, the theoretical system of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics is composed of four major parts: Functions of human rights, subjects of human rights, connotations of human rights and protection of human rights. The functions of human rights consist of people’s interests and free and all-round development. The former is the basic function, while the latter is the ultimate function. The subjects of human rights include collective human rights and individual human rights. The latter is the basis of the former, while the former is the latter’s guarantee. The connotations of human rights cover basic human rights, foremost human rights and specific human rights. The protection of human rights is composed of legal protection and international human rights governance. All five parts of the system of the socialist rule of law with distinctive Chinese features guarantee the protection of human rights. China has participated extensively in the cause of human rights in the world, protected the rights to subsistence and development of people in every corner of the world for a long time, actively promoted the reform of global governance of human rights and the construction of a community of a shared future for human beings, and highlighted the international legal protection of human rights.

Protection of Human Rights Under China's Legal System——An interview with Prof. Wan Exiang

Wan Exiang, professor of the Law School of Wuhan University, doubles as justice and vice-president of China's Supreme People's Court. He is also vice-chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, one of the democratic parties in China, and member of the Tenth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, China's highest consulting body. Prof. Wan is reputed in China and abroad for his achievements in study of international human rights laws and also as the founder of the Wuhan University Center for Protection of the Rights of the Underprivileged in Society, the first of its kind ever set up in the country. Since its founding a decade ago, the center has won a fame for the quality legal services it renders to needy people in their tens of thousands, including disabled people, juveniles, women and workers laid off from state-owned enterprises in the course of China's economic restructuring. While a press favorite at home, the center has received coverage by the NHK TV of Japan, Washington Post of the United States, Phoenix TV of Hong Kong and numerous other media outside the Chinese mainland. Following is an interview with Prof. Wan Exiang, in which he discussed how human rights are protected under China's legal system and in what ways the system should be improved.

People's Assessor Systems Pivotal to Protection of Human Rights

Back in August 2004, the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress, the highest legislature of China, published the Decision on Improving the People＇s Assessor System （hereinafter referred to as the Decision）. Since it became effective on May 1, 2005, the Decision has proved important to ensuring the right of citizens to participate in activities of adjudication in accordance with the law. It has helped expand judicial democracy and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the litigant parties.

Reform of China's Judicial System Promotes Protection of Human Rights——An interview with Wang Shengjun, secretary-general of the Politico-Legal Committee of the CPC Central Committee

The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC） held in 2003 set thetask of promoting the reform of China＇s judicial system, a task seen as of strategic importance to the country＇s development. Shortly afterwards, the CPC Central Committee set up the Leading Group for the Judicial System Reform （LGJSR）.

News Report and Human Rights Protection——Interview with Xinhua News Agency Deputy-Editor-in-Chief Ju Mengjun

Q： What progress has China＇s journalism circle made over the past 30 years of reform and opening up？ How do you assess the situation in China＇s journalism？

Objects of Criminal Legal Aid--Center On Judicial Justice and Human Rights Protection

The object of criminal legal aid refers to the person in a criminal case who has the right or eligibility toapply for legal assistance and who receives it. According to jurispru- dence, the object （or aid recipient） is a party in a given legal case, who is granted legal aid. They are often among the disadvantaged group in criminal cases, since most of them are mentally challenged, lack free- dom or have health problems.＇ Both international and domestic laws have certain norms regarding objects of criminal legal aid. Our domestic law places more emphasis on ＂defen- dants＂ while downplaying ＂suspects＂ and ＂victims＂ in identifying objects.

New Progress in the Judicial Protection of Human Rights in China

Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judiciary is the last line of defense to safeguard social fairness and justice,and judicial protection of human rights is an important

Protection of Women's Rights Means Human Rights Protection——Marking the 30th anniversary of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

On December 18, 1979, the 34th General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women with an overwhelming majority of the votes in its favor. Over the past 30 years, the Convention has come to be known by increasing numbers of governments and people, particularly women＇s organizations. It has played an increasingly great role in protecting women＇s rights and enhancing women＇s status in society.