The relationship between psychological distress with salivary <i>α</i>-amylase and stress related symptoms among breast cancer survivors

Background and Aims: This study examined the stress levels, the stressors and biomarker such as Alpha (α)-Amylase enzyme which is secreted under distress conditions. The aim was to determine the relationship between these three variables. Methods: The study respondents were made up of cancer outpatients from 3 hospitals namely the Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Seberang Jaya and Johor Baru, Pantai Ipoh and Putrajaya. The Personal Stress Inventory (PSI) questionnaire was used to identify stressors, while the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to determine the psychological distress levels. The Salimentary Oral Swab (SOS) Technique was used to collect the saliva and then the Salivary α-Amylase Assay Kit was used to analyse for α amylase. Results: The majority of respondents were stressed due to their sensitive emotion and nervousness in their daily lives (68.7%), they had poor memory and short attention spans of carrying out job tasks (67.3%) as well as they were emotionally depressed (65.3%). Their poor memory and short attention span (p = 0.037), heavy work load and poor task delivery (p = 0.008) were predictors for distress using HADS. The salivary α-amylase concentration was significantly related to the stress levels (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Breast cancer respondents with musculoskeletal system related symptoms, with heavy work load and poor task delivery, as well as had poor memory and short attention span were at higher risk of experiencing psychological distress. The salivary α-amylase which had significant relationships with psychological distress was therefore, a potential biological indicator for distress, while the musculoskeletal system related symptoms from the PSI questionnaire were predictors for distress.

Salivary alpha-amylase activity—An indicator of relaxation response in perioperative patients

The psychological stress of most perioperative patients has been reduced by many interventions. In order to evaluate the effects of these interventions, biomarkers are being considered as objective assessment tools in addition to the subjective assessment tools. It has been thought that salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity is associated with sympathetic nervous system activity, which reflects psychological stress. We examined the relationship between sAA, self-reported data, and autonomic nervous system activity to assess the reliability of sAA as a marker for relaxing response in surgery-related stress. The sAA, the State anxiety, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain, and heart rate variability were used to assess prior to and after the relaxation on the day before surgery, and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, 3, and 7. A total of 75 patients participated and 301 relaxing response readings were obtained. We found that the sAA significantly decreased depending upon the pain and anxiety by relaxation, but they were unrelated to sympathetic nervous system activity. There was weak correlation between the change in sAA, and anxiety and VAS pain. Thus, sAA appears to be an easy-to-use, non-invasive and good marker for relaxing response within a short period in surgery-related stress patients.

Salivary gland antigens of laboratory-bred Phlebotomus sergenti and their immunogenicity in human volunteers in laboratory condition

Objective:To investigate Phlebotomus(P.)sergenti Parrot,1917(Diptera:Psychodidae)salivary gland antigens and their immune response in human.Methods:Human volunteers were exposed to sand flies’bites in the laboratory,and following each exposure the size of induration was recorded.The mean protein concentration of salivary gland lysate and specific anti-P.sergenti saliva IgG was measured.Sand fly salivary proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and their immunoreactivity was examined by Western blotting assays.Results:Individuals exposed to P.sergenti salivary gland lysate for 8 months showed both antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity responses,although exposure for one month did not provoke any immune responses.The trend of antibody fluctuated during the exposure time and dropped by the end of antigen loading.The mean protein content was(0.36±0.08)μg in each pair salivary glands.Salivary gland lysate showed 11 to 12 major protein bands and 3 to 6 of them were immunoreactive.Conclusions:Our study showed that the salivary gland components of P.sergenti provoked both cellular and humoral immune responses in human.Furthermore,there are some immunogenic proteins in P.sergenti saliva which could be subjected for further investigation as vector-based vaccine candidate/s against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Salivary gland disease in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection on salivary glands has diagnostic and prognostic significance. HIV-salivary gland disease(HIV-SGD) is comprehensively ascertained amongst the major critical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)-relatedoral manifestation and causes substantial morbidity. Parotid gland swelling due to sicca syndrome, parotid lipomatosis, sialadenitis, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, benign lymphoepithelial lesions, neoplasms(benign or malignant) of salivary gland, parotid gland inflammation, diminished flow rates of saliva and xerostomia have been documented that also affects the health- associated characteristics of life in subjects infected with HIV. There is a necessity for health care researchers to diagnose it, particularly as it might worsen if left undiagnosed. The precise characteristic of alterations in dynamics of salivary gland structure and functionality with long-standing usage of highly active anti-retroviral therapy still remains unknown. HIV positive children also present with bilateral parotid enlargement and the syndrome state with classical clinical and cytological features of predominated lymphoid hyperplasia. Though various case reports and studies have been extensively published on different aspects of HIV-SGD, it has not been described solely, thus leading to occasional confusion of nomenclature and clinical presentation of HIV-SGD. This article reviews the pathogenesis of HIV-related SGD and its components and various other miscellaneous disorders affecting the salivary glands in HIV/AIDS.

GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of human salivary histatin 1

Human salivary histatin 1(Hst1)exhibits a series of cell-activating properties,such as promoting cell spreading,migration,and metabolic activity.We recently have shown that fluorescently labeled Hst1(F-Hst1)targets and activates mitochondria,presenting an important molecular mechanism.However,its regulating signaling pathways remain to be elucidated.We investigated the influence of specific inhibitors of G protein-coupled receptors(GPCR),endocytosis pathways,extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)signaling,p38 signaling,mitochondrial respiration and Na+/K+-ATPase activity on the uptake,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of F-Hst1.We performed a si RNA knockdown(KD)to assess the effect of Sigma-2 receptor(S2R)/Transmembrane Protein 97(TMEM97)—a recently identified target protein of Hst1.We also adopted live cell imaging to monitor the whole intracellular trafficking process of F-Hst1.Our results showed that the inhibition of cellular respiration hindered the internalization of F-Hst1.The inhibitors of GPCR,ERK1/2,phagocytosis,and clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)as well as siRNA KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly reduced the uptake,which was accompanied by the nullification of the promoting effect of F-Hst1 on cell metabolic activity.Only the inhibitor of CME and KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly compromised the mitochondria-targeting of Hst1.We further showed the intracellular trafficking and targeting process of F-Hst1,in which early endosome plays an important role.Overall,phagocytosis,CME,GPCR,ERK signaling,and S2R/TMEM97 are involved in the internalization of Hst1,while only CME and S2R/TMEM97 are critical for its subcellular targeting.The inhibition of either internalization or mitochondria-targeting of Hst1 could significantly compromise its mitochondria-activating property.

DETECTION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6(HHV-6) DNA IN SALIVARY GLANDS BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

To assess the presence of HHV-6-Specific DNA in human salivary glands, eighteen specimens of salivary gland tissue were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction. Eight of nine parotid glands, five of seven submandibular glands and one of two sublingual glands were found to have amplification of the HHV-6-specific sequence. The findings suggest that salivary gland tissue is one of the potential sites for HHV-6 persistence following primary infection and that saliva is a vehicle for transmission of the virus.

人犬互动对犬刻板行为、皮质醇浓度的影响

犬在犬舍中刻板行为高发,为有效降低犬舍空间和条件不佳等应激因素,改善犬福利状态,本研究通过实施人犬互动,探讨其对刻板行为及皮质醇浓度的影响。人犬互动程序是训导员牵引犬到300 m2室外草坪区进行游戏,包括使用麻棒、网球等玩具及抚拍等方式,每次人犬互动时间为60 min,在互动过程中的第0、15、30、45、60、75、90 min采集唾液样本,用于检测唾液皮质醇;人犬互动试验持续20 d,在人犬互动前、后评估人犬互动对犬刻板行为的影响,并采集粪便样本,用于检测粪便皮质醇水平的变化。结果表明,犬的刻板行为表现为踱步、盘旋、犬舍转圈行走、墙反弹、食粪等。经过人犬互动后,犬的刻板行为明显降低(P<0.01),由32.7%±8.32%降至18.3%±2.27%;在3个工作犬品种中,人犬互动对马里努阿犬的影响最大。经过20 d的人犬互动,粪便皮质醇水平显著降低(P<0.01),互动前粪便皮质醇浓度457.0±17.80 pg/mg,互动后粪便皮质醇浓度241.8±17.71 pg/mg。犬的刻板行为与粪便皮质醇水平之间无相关性。在互动过程中,唾液皮质醇浓度显著且持续下降,由基础值4.0±0.30 nmol/L下降至2.4±0.28 nmol/L,互动结束30 min后,皮质醇浓度趋于恢复到基础水平,但低于基础水平。试验表明,定期进行每日30 min的人犬互动可以有效减轻犬刻板行为等应激反应。

涎腺导管癌临床病理特征及预后分析

目的分析涎腺导管癌(salivary duct carcinoma,SDC)的临床病理特征及其预后相关因素。方法本研究已通过单位伦理委员会审查批准,并获得患者知情同意。回顾性分析河北医科大学第四医院2014—2022年收治的30例SDC患者的临床资料,包括病历记录、病理诊断、免疫组化指标、治疗方式、随访资料等数据,采用SPSS 26.0软件处理数据并制作生存曲线,卡方检验分析免疫组化分类变量与SDC复发、转移的关系,单因素用于分析临床预后因子。结果30例SDC患者中,男女比例5:1,中位年龄61.5岁,约60%发生于腮腺,其余发生于下颌下腺、舌下腺、腭部小涎腺等。其中,19例雄激素受体阳性,23例人表皮生长因子受体-2阳性,26例Ki-67阳性。术后随访18~94个月,中位随访37个月,复发13例,远端转移14例,5年总生存率31.2%。术后放疗及术后放化疗患者的总生存率高于单纯手术患者,其组间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.027)。肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移与预后生存率相关(P<0.05),Ki-67阳性细胞数≥40%与术后复发或转移有一定相关性(P=0.025)。结论根治性手术联合术后放疗、放化疗对提高SDC患者远期总生存率有益,肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移情况可能是影响SDC患者预后的主要因素,Ki-67阳性细胞数≥40%的患者,易出现术后复发或转移。

抑制miR-130a表达对SACC-83顺铂化疗敏感性及XIAP MDR1蛋白表达的影响

目的研究抑制miR-130a表达对人涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞株(SACC-83)顺铂(DDP)化疗敏感性及X染色体连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)、多药耐药基因(MDR1)表达的影响。方法构建人涎腺腺样囊性癌DDP耐药细胞株(SACC-83/DDP),采用实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)检测SACC-83、SACC-83/DDP细胞中miR-130a表达水平;将SACC-83/DDP细胞随机分为对照组、mir-130a inhibitor组(转染mir-130a inhibitor)、DDP+mir-130a inhibitor阴性对照组(30μmol/L DDP+转染mir-130a inhibitor阴性对照)及DDP+mir-130a inhibitor组(30μmol/L DDP+转染mir-130a inhibitor),采用CCK-8法测定各组细胞生存率以及对DDP的耐药性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡指数;qRT-PCR检测细胞miR-130a、XIAP、MDR1、PTEN mRNA水平,免疫印记法检测细胞XIAP、MDR1、PTEN蛋白表达。结果与SACC-83细胞相比,miR-130a在SACC-83/DDP细胞中高表达(P<0.05);与对照组和mir-130a inhibitor组相比,DDP+mir-130a inhibitor组细胞生存率降低,凋亡率和凋亡指数升高(P<0.05);与mir-130a inhibitor组相比,DDP+mir-130a inhibitor组细胞生存率降低,凋亡率和凋亡指数升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,mir-130a inhibitor组、DDP+mir-130a inhibitor组细胞miR-130a水平、XIAP mRNA及蛋白、MDR1 mRNA及蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),凋亡率、凋亡指数和PTEN蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与DPP+mir-130a inhibitor组相比,DDP+mir-130a inhibitor阴性对照组细胞miR-130a水平、XIAP mRNA及蛋白、MDR1 mRNA及蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),凋亡率、凋亡指数和PTEN蛋白表达下降(P<0.05);SACC-83/DDP细胞对DDP的耐药性明显高于SACC-83细胞,抑制miR-130a表达逆转了SACC-83/DDP细胞的DDP耐药性。结论抑制miR-130a表达,可能下调XIAP表达,增强人涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞株对顺铂化疗的敏感性。

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A 16,tumour protein 53 and epidermal growth factor receptor in salivary gland carcinomas is not associated with oncogenic virus infection

It is known that human papillomavirus （HPV） infection can cause squamous cell neoplasms at several sites, such as cervix uteri carcinoma and oral squamous carcinoma. There is little information on the expression of HPV and its predictive markers in tumours of the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck. We therefore assessed oral salivary gland neoplasms to identify associations between HPV and infection-related epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A （CDKN2A/p16） and tumour protein p53 （TP53）. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from oral salivary gland carcinomas （n=51） and benign tumours （n=26） were analysed by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） analysis for several HPV species, including high-risk types 16 and 18. Evaluation of EGFR, CDKN2A, TP53 and cytomegalovirus （CMV） was performed by immunohistochemistry. Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） was evaluated by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridisation. We demonstrated that salivary gland tumours are not associated with HPV infection. The expression of EGFR, CDKN2A and TP53 may be associated with tumour pathology but is not induced by HPV. CMV and EBV were not detectable. In contrast to oral squamous cell carcinomas, HPV, CMV and EBV infections are not associated with malignant or benign neoplastic lesions of the salivary glands.

Assessment of Biological Reaction to Whole Body Vibration Training by Evaluating Changes in Salivary Components and Cutaneous Blood Flow

Aim: Whole body vibration (WBV) is thought to improve blood flow and autonomic balance and thereby induce a relaxation effect, which suggests its use for stress management. However, the relaxation effect of WBV training has not been objectively evaluated thus far. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological response to WBV training by measuring peripheral blood flow and salivary components using non-invasive techniques. Methods: Participants included 10 healthy volunteers (7 men, 3 women;mean age 33.8 ± 2.3) who provided oral consent and served as their own control. Each participant performed 15 types of stretching exercises for 10.5 min on the Power Plate? and cutaneous blood flow and salivary components were measured before and after the exercise. One week later, all participants performed the same exercise regimen for 10.5 min on a non-vibratory plate, and blood flow measurement and salivary tests were performed in a similar manner. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in the 4th digit for 1 min using the laser speckle flowgraphy. Saliva samples were evaluated for cortisol levels and α-amylase activity. To determine the effects of stretching exercises on the Power Plate? vs a non-vibratory plate, the differences in pre- and post-exercise peripheral blood flow, salivary cortisol levels, and salivary α-amylase activity were statistically evaluated by the t-test. Results: Mean blood flow before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? was 122.0 ± 54.2 and 156.7 ± 51.2, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, blood flow was 136.6 ± 47.9 and 146.3 ± 38.3, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.215). Mean cortisol levels before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? were 266.6 ± 125 and 204.9 ± 61.6, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, the levels were 439.0 ± 121.7 and 425.8 ± 118.8, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.384). Mean α-amylase activity before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? was 3.74 ± 2.89 and 5.40 ± 3.76, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, the activity was 3.95 ± 2.23 and 3.28 ± 1.73. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.115). Conclusion: Our results showed that a brief WBV training increased peripheral blood flow, reduced cortisol levels, and increased α-amylase activity. WBV appears to regulate autonomic activity, in particular, suppress sympathetic activity and improve bodily functions. Thus WBV exercise may be conductive for stress management, but further investigation is warranted to determine the optimal duration of WBV training for stress relief.

High-Resolution ¹H NMR Investigations of the Oxidative Consumption of Salivary Biomolecules by a Tooth-Whitening Formulation: Relevance to Safety Issues

A multicomponent evaluation of the oxidative consumption of salivary biomolecules by a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-containing tooth-whitening formulation has been performed using high-resolution proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Unstimulated human saliva samples (n = 10) were treated with aliquots of supernatants derived from 1) the H2O2-containing whitening gel, 2) the corresponding tooth-whitening accelerant solution containing an amino-alcohol activator, and 3) a combination of these product agents pre-mixed in the recommended manner. 600 MHz 1H NMR spectra acquired on these samples demonstrated that H2O2 present in the whitening gel gave rise to the oxidative decarboxylation of salivary pyruvate (to acetate and CO2), the direct oxidation of trimethylamine and methionine (to trimethylamine-N-oxide and methionine sulphoxide respectively), and the indirect oxidative consumption of lactate and carbohydrates in general. Experiments conducted on a chemical model system confirmed the consumption of pyruvate by added H2O2, and also revealed that this method could be employed for determinations of the H2O2 content of tooth-whitening products. In conclusion, high-resolution 1H NMR analysis provides much valuable molecular information regarding the fate of tooth-whitening oxidants in human saliva, and also permits an assessment of the ability of endogenous antioxidants therein to protect against any soft tissue damage arising from the possible leakage of H2O2 from tooth-whitening application trays.

Changes in Salivary and Plasma Markers during and Following Short-Term Maximal Aerobic Exercise Assessed during Cognitive Assessment

This study assessed multiple salivary and plasma markers before and after incremental short-term maximal aerobic exercise and in a non-exercising control in conjunction with cognitive testing. Subjects: Apparently healthy 18 - 30 years old low CVD risk females participated (n = 19). Methods: Subjects completed two conditions: 1) exercise: short maximal treadmill exercise and cognitive assessment pre- and post-exercise and, 2) non-exercise: with cognitive assessment timed to match testing in the exercising condition. Non-stimulated, timed salivary samples and venous blood were collected before and after exercise and after recovery. Results: Saliva: Over time α-amylase increased in both exercise and non-exercising conditions. Exercise had increases in α-amylase at time matched control points up to 36% greater than the non-exercising conditions. Following exercise and recovery from exercise α-amylase in-creased compared to baseline (ranging from 47% to 290%). Baseline cortisol was 33% higher than post-exercise and 59% higher than recovery irrespective of exercise. Plasma: NEFA was 50% higher at post-exercise and recovery compared to baseline without exercise and 36% higher at post-exercise and recovery compared to baseline with exercise. Glucose and lactate were, 18% and 50% higher respectively, after exercise compared to baseline and recovery with exercise. Post-exercise glycerol was 11% higher than recovery. Differences between Conditions: Post-exercise glucose and lactate were 20% and 40% higher respectively with exercise. Glycerol was 11% lower after exercise. Conclusions: We demonstrated that acute exercise coupled with cognitive task increased α-amylase levels, but not cortisol, potentially due to a differential stress response, but most likely due to the timing of sample collection.

Association between salivary α-amylase activity and pain relief scale scores in cancer patients with bone metastases treated with radiotherapy

Background Subjective assessment tools such as visual analog scales （VAS） or pain scores are commonly used to evaluate the intensity of chronic cancer-induced pain.However,their value is limited in some cases.We measured changes in VAS pain scores and salivary a-amylase （sAA） concentrations in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy for bone metastases to ascertain the correlation between these measures.Methods We enrolled 30 patients with bone metastases attending a single institution from June 2010 to March 2011.All patients with cancer-induced bone pain received radiation therapy （RT） at the same dose （30 Gy） and fractionation （3 Gy/ fraction,5 days/week） for palliative pain relief.We assessed heart rate （HR）,systolic and diastolic blood pressures （DBP/SBP） and VAS pain scores before （d0） and after five （d5） and ten fractions （d10） of irradiation,sAA and salivary cortisol （SC）concentrations were measured using a portable analyzer and automated chemiluminescence analyzer,respectively.Results Radiotherapy markedly decreased VAS scores from （82.93±9.29） to （31.43±t16.73） mm （P ＜0.001） and sAA concentrations from （109.40±26.38） to （36.03±19.40） U/ml （P ＜0.001）.Moreover,there was a significant correlation between these two indices （P ＜0.01,r=0.541）.HR decreased by 6.5％ after radiotherapy,but did not correlate with VAS scores （P ＞0.05）.SC concentrations and BP did not change significantly during the study （P ＞0.05）.Conclusions The significant correlation between sAA concentrations and VAS pain scores identified in these preliminary results suggests that this biomarker may be a valuable,noninvasive and sensitive index for the objective assessment of pain intensity in patients with cancer-induced bone pain.

Influences of AMY1 gene copy number and protein expression on salivary alpha-amylase activity before and after citric acid stimulation in splenic asthenia children

OBjECTIVE:To compare the correlations between salivary alpha-amylase(sAA) activity and amylase,alpha 1(salivary) gene(AMY1) copy number or its gene expression between splenic asthenia and healthy children,and investigate the reasons of attenuated sAA activity ratio before and after citric acid stimulation in splenic asthenia children.METHODS:Saliva samples from 20 splenic asthenia children and 29 healthy children were collected before and after citric acid stimulation.AMY1 copy number,sAA activity,and total sAA and glycosylated sAA contents were determined,and their correlations were analyzed.RESULTS:Although splenic asthenia and healthy children had no differences in AMY1 copy number,splenic asthenia children had positive correlations between AMY1 copy number and sAA activity before or after citric acid stimulation.Splenic asthenia children had a higher sAA glycosylated proportion ratio and glycosylated sAA content ratio,while their total sAA content ratio and sAA activity ratio were lower compared with healthy children.The glycosylated sAA content ratio was higher than the total sAA content ratio in both groups.Splenic asthenia and healthy children had positive correlations between total sAA or glycosylated sAA content and sAA activity.However,the role played by glycosylated sAA content in sAA activity in healthy children increased after citric acid stimulation,while it decreased in splenic asthenia children.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors like AMY1 copy number variations,and more importantly,sAA glycosylation abnormalities leading to attenuated sAA activity after citric acid stimulation,which were the main reasons of the attenuated sAA activity ratio in splenic asthenia children compared with healthy children.

人涎腺水通道蛋白的定位

目的 检测水通道蛋白亚型在人涎腺不同腺体的分布和各亚型所在的部位。方法 使用外伤患者清创缝合术时经患者同意所取得的涎腺组织标本 ,按冷冻切片技术处理和切片。用免疫组化方法标记确定人涎腺组织中水通道蛋白亚型AQP 1、2、3、4、5的分布情况。结果 AQP2、AQP5为 1∶2 0 0和AQP1为 1∶10 0的一抗浓度时可以看到它们在腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺、唇腺有稳定、清晰的染色反应 ,但AQP3、AQP4为 1∶10 0乃至 1∶5 0的一抗浓度也未观察到染色。AQP1在各涎腺腺泡的基膜 ,毛细血管床及导管基膜等处被标记。AQP2主要分布在涎腺的基膜和导管。AQP5主要存在于粘液性腺泡的顶膜、基侧膜和浆液性腺泡的基侧膜 ,以及涎腺的闰管、纹状管 ,分泌管等处均有较强染色。结论 水通道蛋白亚型AQP1、AQP2、AQP5广泛分布于涎腺中不同组织和腺体不同部位 ,其布部位和反应强弱有差异 ,主要存在于涎腺中与唾液分泌密切相关的部位和组织中。

苦参碱对腺样囊性癌细胞周期阻滞和端粒酶催化亚基表达的影响

目的观察中药苦参有效成分苦参碱对涎腺腺样囊性癌ACC-M细胞的细胞周期及端粒酶催化亚基(hTERT)表达的影响。方法体外培养ACC-M细胞,用不同浓度的苦参碱对体外培养的ACC-M细胞进行干预,以流式细胞仪检测对照组和不同浓度(0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00mg·mL-1)苦参碱作用不同时间后细胞周期的变化;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测苦参碱作用48h后细胞hTERT mRNA的表达改变;流式细胞术定量检测hTERT蛋白的表达变化。结果苦参碱作用后明显抑制ACC-M细胞的增殖,使ACC-M细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期,并与药物浓度和作用时间呈正相关;苦参碱作用后hTERT基因和蛋白表达明显下降。结论苦参碱对ACC-M细胞有明显细胞周期阻滞作用,同时显著下调hTERT基因表达。细胞周期阻滞作用可能与苦参碱下调hTERT基因表达有关。

人涎腺上皮细胞体外培养及其生物学特性的初步研究

目的建立体外培养人涎腺上皮细胞的方法,观察其体外生长的生物学特性。方法应用组织块培养法,用无血清培养基(SFM),无血清1∶1DMEM/F12以及含25ml/L胎牛血清的1∶1DMEM/F123种不同的培养基对10例人涎腺标本进行体外原代和传代培养。用倒置显微镜观察培养细胞体外生长的形态特征。用细胞计数法观察细胞生长情况。用HE染色、PAS染色、细胞角蛋白、Vimentin免疫组化染色对培养细胞进行形态学检查和鉴定。结果10例人涎腺标本在体外原代培养均有细胞长出,培养的细胞为上皮样。用SFM培养的细胞增殖较旺盛,可传代培养5次,用其它2种培养基培养的细胞仅可传代1次。细胞角蛋白染色阳性,Vi-mentin染色阴性,PAS染色阳性。结论应用组织块培养的方法可以获得原代和传代培养的人涎腺上皮细胞,SFM较1∶1DMEM/F12更适宜涎腺上皮细胞生长。

人β-防御素-2在涎腺肿瘤及涎腺炎症中的表达及其意义

目的研究涎腺良性肿瘤组织、恶性肿瘤组织和涎腺炎症中人β-防御素-2(HBD-2)mRNA和蛋白的表达特征。方法对不同涎腺组织,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、实时聚合酶链反应(Real-Time PCR)和免疫组化检测HBD-2的表达,并分析HBD-2 mRNA和蛋白在涎腺良性肿瘤组织、恶性肿瘤组织、炎症组织和正常涎腺组织中的表达差异。结果与涎腺正常组织比较,良性肿瘤组HBD-2 mRNA表达量为其6.468倍,显著高于涎腺正常组织组(P<0.05);恶性肿瘤组为其0.334倍,显著低于涎腺正常组织组(P<0.05);涎腺炎症组为其10.563倍,显著高于涎腺正常组织组(P<0.05)。HBD-2不仅在这些组织的细胞质中有表达,而且在恶性组织中的细胞核也有表达。结论HBD-2在涎腺良性肿瘤组织及涎腺炎症组织中高表达,在涎腺恶性肿瘤组织中低表达,其蛋白发生核转移。

基质金属蛋白酶-1在人涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞中的表达

目的:测定基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)在人涎腺腺样囊性癌不同转移力细胞系中的表达。方法:以人涎腺腺样囊性癌ACC-2细胞系及其高转移株ACC-M作为研究肿瘤转移分子机制的模型,采用免疫组化法和蛋白印迹(Western blot)法检测MMP-1的蛋白表达水平。结果:MMP-1在ACC-M细胞中的表达水平高于ACC-2细胞。结论:MMP-1在人涎腺腺样囊性癌的侵袭转移过程中可能发挥作用。