Exploring the Association between Climate Change and Human Development: A Visual Analytics Study

This study explores the complex relationship between climate change and human development. The aim is to understand how climate change affects human development across countries, regions, and the global population. Visual analytics were used to examine the impact of various climate change indicators on different aspects of human development. The study highlights the urgent need for climate change action and encourages policymakers to make decisive moves. Climate change adversely affects numerous aspects of daily life, leading to significant consequences that must be addressed through policy changes and global governance recommendations. Key findings include that regions with higher CO2 emissions experience a significantly higher incidence of life-threatening diseases compared to regions with lower emissions. Additionally, higher CO2 emissions correlate with consistent death rates. Increased pollution exposure is associated with a higher prevalence of life-threatening diseases and higher rates of malnutrition. Moreover, greater mineral depletion is linked to more frequent life-threatening diseases, suggesting that industrialization contributes to adverse health effects. These results provide valuable insights for policy and decision-making aimed at mitigating the impact of climate change on human development.

Contrast Detection Learning Improves Visual Contrast Sensitivity of Cat

Psychological studies on human subjects show that contrast detection learning promote learner＇s sensitivity to visual stimulus contrast. The underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, three cats （Felis catus） were trained to perform monocularly a contrast detection task by two-altemative forced choice method. The perceptual ability of each cat improved remarkably with learning as indicated by a significantly increased contrast sensitivity to visual stimuli. The learning effect displayed an evident specificity to the eye employed for learning but could partially transfer to the naive eye, prompting the possibility that contrast detection learning might cause neural plasticity before and after the information from both eyes are merged in the visual pathway. Further, the contrast sensitivity improvement was evident basically around the spatial frequency （SF） used for learning, which suggested that contrast detection learning effect showed, to some extent, a SF specificity. This study indicates that cat exhibits a property of contrast detection learning similar to human subjects and can be used as an animal model for subsequent investigations on the neural correlates that mediate learning-induced contrast sensitivity improvement in humans.

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography of human visual pathway

AIM: To investigate the visual pathway in normal subjects and patients with lesion involved by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). METHODS: Thirty normal volunteers, 3 subjects with orbital tumors involved the optic nerve (ON) and 33 subjects with occipital lobe tumors involved the optic radiation (OR) (10 gliomas, 6 meningiomas and 17 cerebral metastases) undertook routine cranium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DTI and DTT. Visual pathway fibers were analyzed by DTI and DTT images. Test fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values in different part of the visual pathway. RESULTS: The whole visual pathway but optic chiasm manifested as hyperintensity in FA maps and homogenous green signal in the direction encoded color maps. The optic chiasm did not display clearly. There was no significant difference between the bilateral FA values and MD values of normal visual pathway but optic chiasm, which the FA values tested were much too low (all P>0.05). The ONs of subjects with orbital tumors were compressed and displaced. Only one subject had lower FA values and higher MD values. OR of 9 gliomas subjects were infiltrated, with displacement in 2 and disruption in 7 subjects. All OR in 6 meniongiomas subjects were displaced. OR in 17 cerebral metastases subjects all developed displacement while 7 of them had disruption also. CONCLUSION: MR-DTI is highly sensitive in manifesting visual pathway. Visual pathway can be analyzed quantitatively in FA and MD values. DTT supplies accurate three dimensional conformations of visual pathway. But optic chiasm's manifestation still needs to improve.

Human melanopsin-AAV2/8 transfection to retina transiently restores visual function in rd1 mice

AIM： To explore whether ectopic expression of human melanopsin can effectively and safely restore visual function in rd1 mice.· METHODS： Hematoxylin-eosin staining of retinal sections from rd1 mice was used to detect the thickness of the outer nuclear layer to determine the timing of surgery. We constructed a human melanopsinAAV2/8 viral vector and injected it into the subretinal space of rd1 mice. The Phoenix Micron IV system was used to exclude the aborted injections, and immunohistochemistry was used to validate the ectopic expression of human melanopsin. Furthermore, visual electrophysiology and behavioral tests were used to detect visual function 30 and 45 d after the injection. The structure of the retina was compared between the human melanopsin-injected group and phosphate buffer saline（PBS）-injected group.·RESULTS： Retinas of rd1 mice lost almost all of their photoreceptors on postnatal day 28（P28）. We therefore injected the human melanopsin-adeno-associated virus（AAV） 2/8 viral vector into P30 rd1 mice. After excluding aborted injections, we used immunohistochemistry of the whole mount retina to confirm the ectopic expression of human melanopsin by co-expression of human melanopsin and YFP that was carried by a viral vector. At30 d post-injection, visual electrophysiology and the behavioral test significantly improved. However,restoration of vision disappeared 45 d after human melanopsin injection. Notably, human melanopsin-injected mice did not show any structural differences in their retinas compared with PBS-injected mice.·CONCLUSION： Ectopic expression of human melanopsin effectively and safely restores visual function in rd1

Specificity and sensitivity of visual evoked potentials P100 latency to different events exercise

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are a series of signals about visual occipital cortex in response to visual stimuli and can be used as one of ob-jective non-invasive neuro-physiological pa-rameters to reflect the visual organs and central visual pathway’s functional integrity. Previous studies have shown that acute and chronic ex-ercise could affect VEPs independent from body temperature and other physiological parameters. VEPs may well be used as neuro-physiological criteria in defining the performances of the ath-letes. Different sports training have different effects on VEPs, but the results are not consis-tent. P100 latency is the representative compo-nent of VEPs and it is of high, steady amplitude and of slight intra- and inter-individual variabil-ity so that the index is most commonly used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of P100 latency to dif-ferent physical activities. The neural electricity device of NDI-200 was used to measure the pattern reversal VEPs of all subjects, including the values of the resting state before and after different events exercise. Different events exer-cise contained an aerobic cycloergometric ex-ercise (7 subjects were conducted to a Bruce Graded Exercise Test on the Monark Ergomedic 839E cycloergometer, THR (target heart rate) = 85% HRmax, 3 times/week, about 10 minutes once time, 6 weeks), tennis training (16 volun-teers, 2 hours/day, 3 days/week, 8 weeks), aerobic Latin exercise (7 subjects, 1 hour/day, 3 days/week, 6 weeks) and the Baduanjin of Health Qigong training (6 subjects, 1 hour/day, 3 days/week, 6 weeks). The VEPs recordings of the control groups obtained synchronized with the experimental groups. SPSS 11.5 for win-dows was used for statistical analysis. A level of P﹤0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. The VEPs P100 latency of post-exercise of all experimental groups except Baduanjin group became shorter significantly compared with those of pre-exercise (P﹤0.05). No significant difference was found between pre-and post- exercise for the control groups. This study showed that exercise could shorten the P100 la-tency significantly. Moreover, it also indicated that VEPs were sensitive to exercise to a certain extent. We concluded that VEPs might well be used as neuro-physiological criteria in defining the performances of the athletes. It was found that the VEPs P100 latency became shorter after most training programs;furthermore, it demon-strated that P100 latency of VEPs had little specificity to different events.

Adaptive image enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy entropy and human visual characteristics

To overcome the shortcomings of the Lee image enhancement algorithm and its improvement based on the logarithmic image processing(LIP) model, this paper proposes what we believe to be an effective image enhancement algorithm. This algorithm introduces fuzzy entropy, makes full use of neighborhood information, fuzzy information and human visual characteristics.To enhance an image, this paper first carries out the reasonable fuzzy-3 partition of its histogram into the dark region, intermediate region and bright region. It then extracts the statistical characteristics of the three regions and adaptively selects the parameter αaccording to the statistical characteristics of the image’s gray-scale values. It also adds a useful nonlinear transform, thus increasing the ubiquity of the algorithm. Finally, the causes for the gray-scale value overcorrection that occurs in the traditional image enhancement algorithms are analyzed and their solutions are proposed.The simulation results show that our image enhancement algorithm can effectively suppress the noise of an image, enhance its contrast and visual effect, sharpen its edge and adjust its dynamic range.

New algorithm for infrared small target image enhancement based on wavelet transform and human visual properties

The key to the wavelet based denoising teehniquea is how to manipulate the wavelet coefficients. By referring to the idea of Inclusive-OR in the design of circuits, this paper proposes a new algorithm called wavelet domain Inclusive-OR denoising algorithm（WDIDA）, which distinguishes the wavelet coefficients belonging to image or noise by considering their phases and modulus maxima simultaneously. Using this new algorithm, the denoising effects are improved and the computation time is reduced. Furthermore, in order to enhance the edges of the image but not magnify noise, a contrast nonlinear enhancing algorithm is presented according to human visual properties. Compared with traditional enhancing algorithms, the algorithm that we proposed has a better noise reducing performanee , preserving edges and improving the visual quality of images.

Macular thickness as a predictor of loss of visual sensitivity in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy

Ethambutol is a common cause of drug-related optic neuropathy.Prediction of the onset of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy and consequent drug withdrawal may be an effective method to stop visual loss.Previous studies have shown that structural injury to the optic nerve occurred earlier than the damage to visual function.Therefore,we decided to detect structural biomarkers marking visual field loss in early stage ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy.The thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer,macular thickness and visual sensitivity loss would be observed in 11 ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy patients（22 eyes） using optical coherence tomography.Twenty-four healthy age-and sex-matched participants（48 eyes） were used as controls.Results demonstrated that the temporal peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and average macular thickness were thinner in patients with ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy compared with healthy controls.The average macular thickness was strongly positively correlated with central visual sensitivity loss（r2=0.878,P=0.000）.These findings suggest that optical coherence tomography can be used to efficiently screen patients.Macular thickness loss could be a potential factor for predicting the onset of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy.

A ROBUST ADAPTIVE VIDEO ENCODER BASED ON HUMAN VISUAL MODEL

A Robust Adaptive Video Encoder (RAVE) based on human visual model is proposed. The encoder combines the best features of Fine Granularity Scalable (FGS) coding, framedropping coding, video redundancy coding, and human visual model. According to packet loss and available bandwidth of the network, the encoder adjust the output bit rate by jointly adapting quantization step-size instructed by human visual model, rate shaping, and periodically inserting key frame. The proposed encoder is implemented based on MPEG-4 encoder and is compared with the case of a conventional FGS algorithm. It is shown that RAVE is a very efficient robust video encoder that provides improved visual quality for the receiver and consumes equal or less network resource. Results are confirmed by subjective tests and simulation tests.

Human Visual Attention Mechanism-Inspired Point-and-Line Stereo Visual Odometry for Environments with Uneven Distributed Features

Visual odometry is critical in visual simultaneous localization and mapping for robot navigation.However,the pose estimation performance of most current visual odometry algorithms degrades in scenes with unevenly distributed features because dense features occupy excessive weight.Herein,a new human visual attention mechanism for point-and-line stereo visual odometry,which is called point-line-weight-mechanism visual odometry(PLWM-VO),is proposed to describe scene features in a global and balanced manner.A weight-adaptive model based on region partition and region growth is generated for the human visual attention mechanism,where sufficient attention is assigned to position-distinctive objects(sparse features in the environment).Furthermore,the sum of absolute differences algorithm is used to improve the accuracy of initialization for line features.Compared with the state-of-the-art method(ORB-VO),PLWM-VO show a 36.79%reduction in the absolute trajectory error on the Kitti and Euroc datasets.Although the time consumption of PLWM-VO is higher than that of ORB-VO,online test results indicate that PLWM-VO satisfies the real-time demand.The proposed algorithm not only significantly promotes the environmental adaptability of visual odometry,but also quantitatively demonstrates the superiority of the human visual attention mechanism.

PRELIMINARY COMPARISON OF SENSITIVITY TOWARD PARVO VIRUS H-1 OF HUMAN HEP ATOM A CELLS AND PARAHEPATOMA TISSUE

Preliminary observations on the result of infection by parvovirus of primary cultured cells of human hepatoma and parahepatoma tissue were reported. Human hepatoma and parahepatoma tissue were obtained by the culture method of tissue fragment plating. It was observed that their respective sensitivity to parvovirus H-1 was different. H-1 had inhibitory effect on epithelial cells of hepatoma tissue but without any significant effect on fibroblasts simultaneously, H-l had no effect on epithelial cells and fibroblasts of parahepatoma tissue. Further investigation of the relationship between parvovirus and hepatoma would be helpful not only in elucidating the mechanism of carcinogenesis and its suppression but also in the search of new approach for the treatment of hepatoma.

Human Visual Acuity in Analysis of Intervention in the Landscape of Coxilha Rica/Brazil

The Drovers’ Paths are remnants of important land access roads from Rio Grande do Sul to São Paulo at the time of Colonial Brazil. They were built and used between the 18th and 20th centuries, particularly in the region of Coxilha Rica. The main objective of this research is to develop a method for decision-making applied to the territorial landscape management in the Coxilha Rica. The method consisted of generating criteria to map the visibility spot reached from the main selected points;define the human visual acuity, realize bibliographic research, use cartographic and historical documents, inter-views, as well as field surveys that enabled the identification, characterization and mapping of historical farms and drovers’ paths. After data processing, the information was entered into the cartographic database;the data were cross-checked and analysis was made of the visibility of the surrounding farms and stone-walled corridors. Quality assessments showed that, with the visibility polygons, and through the use of cartographic tools, we could cross-check between different levels of information and analyze landscape intervention alternatives in order to minimize environmental impacts. When applying the method in the Coxilha Rica it was possible mapping the visibility polygon, taking human visual acuity into consideration, based on historical farms and stone-walled corridors;and making spatial analyses to explore alternatives to intervention (installation of power transmission systems) in order to preserve the scenic environment of the region. In the end, the decision was by does not construct the system.

JPEG2000 COMPRESSION CODING USING HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM MODEL

In order to apply the Human Visual System (HVS) model to JPEG2000 standard,several implementation alternatives are discussed and a new scheme of visual optimization isintroduced with modifying the slope of rate-distortion. The novelty is that the method of visual weighting is not lifting the coefficients in wavelet domain, but is complemented by code stream organization. It remains all the features of Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation (EBCOT) such as resolution progressive, good robust for error bit spread and compatibility of lossless compression. Well performed than other methods, it keeps the shortest standard codestream and decompression time and owns the ability of VIsual Progressive (VIP) coding.

基于Visual MODFLOW大水矿山深部开采矿坑涌水量预测

矿产资源的不断开发导致矿坑涌、突水现象愈加频繁,此类问题多发生于大水矿山,为更好指导大水矿山深部开采工作,准确预测矿山深部开采矿坑涌水量至关重要。结合某矿区勘察资料、水文地质条件和观测井实测水位数据,利用Visual MODFLOW软件建立矿区水文地质数值模型,进行稳态与非稳态校正以及相关参数敏感性分析;根据该矿区-150 m水平矿坑真实涌水量拟合分析Drain模块水力传导系数值,运用识别后模型对矿山深部开采矿坑涌水量预测,结果表明-200、-250、-300、-350 m等不同水平矿坑正常涌水量为17209.82、18896.20、21299.31、23494.10 m^(3)/d,预测结果可为矿山防治水工作提供依据,以及为工程安全开挖提供保障。

Human skeletal muscle perilipin 2 and 3 expression varies with insulin sensitivity

Background: Impaired insulin sensitivity may partly arise from a dysregulated lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle. This study investigates the expression levels of perilipin 2, 3, and 5, and four key lipases in human skeletal muscle from the subjects that exhibit a range from normal to very low insulin sensitivity. Methods: 25 middle aged male participants were matched for lean body mass and recruited into three groups;type 2 diabetes patients (T2D), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and healthy sedentary controls (CON) according to their glucose tolerance and VO2peak. A muscle biopsy was obtained from vastus lateralis, and a two-step sequential euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp was performed. Muscle samples were analyzed by Western blot for expression of perilipin 2, 3, 5, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), endothelial lipase (EL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Results: Perilipin 3 expression was higher in T2D compared to CON. Perilipin 2 expression was higher in CON than T2D. We observed no difference in expression of perili pin 5, ATGL, HSL, EL or LPL between the groups. Conclusions: In the present study the muscle perilipin 3 expression and perilipin 2 expression varied markedly with insulin sensitivity. This difference in perilipin expression may indicate that the lipid droplet function and thus storage and release of fatty acid-vary with insulin sensitivity.

SAR Image Quality Assessment System Based on Human Visual Perception for Aircraft Electromagnetic Countermeasures

In electronic confrontation, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is vulnerable to different types of electronic jamming. The research on SAR jamming image quality assessment can provide the prerequisite for SAR jamming and anti-jamming technology, which is an urgent problem that researchers need to solve. Traditional SAR image quality assessment metrics analyze statistical error between the reference image and the jamming image only in the pixel domain; therefore, they cannot reflect the visual perceptual property of SAR jamming images effectively. In this demo, we develop a SAR image quality assessment system based on human visual perception for the application of aircraft electromagnetic countermeasures simulation platform.The internet of things and cloud computing techniques of big data are applied to our system. In the demonstration, we will present the assessment result interface of the SAR image quality assessment system.

Intelligent 3D garment system of the human body based on deep spiking neural network

Background Intelligent garments,a burgeoning class of wearable devices,have extensive applications in domains such as sports training and medical rehabilitation.Nonetheless,existing research in the smart wearables domain predominantly emphasizes sensor functionality and quantity,often skipping crucial aspects related to user experience and interaction.Methods To address this gap,this study introduces a novel real-time 3D interactive system based on intelligent garments.The system utilizes lightweight sensor modules to collect human motion data and introduces a dual-stream fusion network based on pulsed neural units to classify and recognize human movements,thereby achieving real-time interaction between users and sensors.Additionally,the system incorporates 3D human visualization functionality,which visualizes sensor data and recognizes human actions as 3D models in real time,providing accurate and comprehensive visual feedback to help users better understand and analyze the details and features of human motion.This system has significant potential for applications in motion detection,medical monitoring,virtual reality,and other fields.The accurate classification of human actions contributes to the development of personalized training plans and injury prevention strategies.Conclusions This study has substantial implications in the domains of intelligent garments,human motion monitoring,and digital twin visualization.The advancement of this system is expected to propel the progress of wearable technology and foster a deeper comprehension of human motion.

Evaluating Methods of Visual Assistance for Workers to Improve Quality and Usability in Individualized Kitchen Cabinet Assembly

In times of digitalisation, visual assistance systems in assembly are increasingly important. The design of these assembly systems needs to be highly complex to meet the requirements. Due to the increasing number of variants in production processes, as well as shorter innovation and product life cycles, assistance systems should improve quality and reduce complexity of assembly processes. However, many large kitchen manufacturers still assemble kitchen cabinets manually, due to the high variety of components, such as rails and fittings. This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of virtual assistance systems to improve quality and usability in individualised kitchen cabinet assembly processes at a large German manufacturer. A solution is identified and detailed.

基于Visualization Toolkit的数字化人体骨骼系统的重建与可视化

在人体骨骼系统的三维可视化过程中 ,将二维CT数据重建生成理想的三维骨骼数据是非常重要的一环。作者应用可视化工具VisualizationToolkit (VTK)和VC ++实现了二维数据的三维重建、面片削减、连通性检测、三维平滑等一系列功能。与利用OpenGL等工具重建得到的骨骼数据相比 ,不但准确度和视觉效果有了显著改善 ,数据量也大大减小。VTK在人体骨骼系统的重建及处理工作中取得的良好效果表明 ,它是医学图像重建和处理的有力工具之一 ,具有使用灵活 ,功能强大的优点 ,值得推广。

基于Agent的Visual Basic人性化软件编程技术

Agent具有自治性、交互性、协作性、可通信性等特性,MicrosoftAgent可提供人性化编程技术,可使计算机具有更好的人机交互性,其应用前景相当广阔。论文将介绍VB6.0调用AgentActiveX控件进行编程的基本方法,如Word文语转换、语音识别等,并给出编程实例,希望能够起到抛砖引玉的作用。