As a common transportation facility, speed humps can control the speed of vehicles on special road sections to reduce traffic risks. At the same time, they also cause instantaneous traffic emissions. Based on the clas...As a common transportation facility, speed humps can control the speed of vehicles on special road sections to reduce traffic risks. At the same time, they also cause instantaneous traffic emissions. Based on the classic instantaneous traffic emission model and the limited deceleration capacity microscopic traffic flow model with slow-to-start rules, this paper has investigated the impact of speed humps on traffic flow and the instantaneous emissions of vehicle pollutants in a single lane situation. The numerical simulation results have shown that speed humps have significant effects on traffic flow and traffic emissions. In a free-flow region, the increase of speed humps leads to the continuous rise of CO_(2), NO_(X) and PM emissions. Within some density ranges, one finds that these pollutant emissions can evolve into some higher values under some random seeds. Under other random seeds, they can evolve into some lower values. In a wide moving jam region, the emission values of these pollutants sometimes appear as continuous or intermittent phenomenon. Compared to the refined Na Sch model, the present model has lower instantaneous emissions such as CO_(2), NO_(X) and PM and higher volatile organic components(VOC) emissions. Compared to the limited deceleration capacity model without slow-to-start rules, the present model also has lower instantaneous emissions such as CO_(2), NO_(X) and PM and higher VOC emissions in a wide moving jam region. These results can also be confirmed or explained by the statistical values of vehicle velocity and acceleration.展开更多
The periodic undulation of a molten track’s height profile in laser-based powder bed fusion of metals(PBF-LB/M)is a commonly observed phenomena that can cause defects and building failure during the manufacturing pro...The periodic undulation of a molten track’s height profile in laser-based powder bed fusion of metals(PBF-LB/M)is a commonly observed phenomena that can cause defects and building failure during the manufacturing process.However a quantitative analysis of such instabilities has not been fully established and so here we used Rayleigh–Plateau theory to determine the stability of a single molten track in PBF-LB/M and tested it with various processing conditions by changing laser power and beam shape.The analysis discovered that normalized enthalpy,which relates to energy input density,determines whether a molten track is initially unstable and if so,the growth rate for the instability.Additionally,whether the growth rate ultimately yields significant undulation depends on the melt duration,estimated by dwell time in our experiment.展开更多
During high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW), the backward flowing molten jet with high momentum in the weld pool is considered to be responsible for the occurrence of humping bead. To suppress humping bead, an el...During high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW), the backward flowing molten jet with high momentum in the weld pool is considered to be responsible for the occurrence of humping bead. To suppress humping bead, an electromagnetic device is developed and coupled with the welding system. By adjusting the conditions of external magnetic field, forward electromagnetic force is obtained to reduce the momentum of the backward flow of molten metal in weld pool. Consequently, the humping bead can be suppressed by adjusting the external magnetic field. Bead-on-plate welding experiment was conducted on mild steel plates, and the influence of magnetic flux density on the arc deflection angle and weld bead quality is investigated. It is found that external magnetic field can remarkably adjust the momentum of backward flow jet and significantly improve the quality of weld bead.展开更多
Considering the influence of backward flowing molten jet observed by experiments, a new pool surface deformation formula and droplets heat content model are used to investigate the humping formation mechanism during h...Considering the influence of backward flowing molten jet observed by experiments, a new pool surface deformation formula and droplets heat content model are used to investigate the humping formation mechanism during high-speed gas metal arc (GMA) welding. Three-dimensional geometry of the humping bead is numerically simulated only if some extra force and heat acted at the rear part of weld pool are taken into account in the model. It has proved that both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet must be appropriately treated to quantitatively analyze the physical mechanism of the humping phenomenon.展开更多
The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D...The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D simulations are carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model in pump mode under different guide vane openings.The numerical results agree with the experimental data.The entropy production theory is introduced to determine the flow losses in the whole passage,based on the numerical simulation.The variation of entropy production under different guide vane openings is presented.The results show that entropy production appears to be a wave,with peaks under different guide vane openings,which correspond to wave troughs in the external characteristic curves.Entropy production mainly happens in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes for a pump turbine in pump mode.Finally,entropy production rate distribution in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes is analyzed for four points under the 18 mm guide vane opening in the hump region.The analysis indicates that the losses of the runner and guide vanes lead to hump characteristics.In addition,the losses mainly occur in the runner inlet near the band and on the suction surface of the blades.In the guide vanes and stay vanes,the losses come from pressure surface of the guide vanes and the wake effects of the vanes.A new insight-entropy production analysis is carried out in this paper in order to find the causes of hump characteristics in a pump turbine,and it could provide some basic theoretical guidance for the loss analysis of hydraulic machinery.展开更多
The developed mathematical model of humping formation mechanism in high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is used to analyze the effects of welding current and welding speed on the occurrence of humping bead. It co...The developed mathematical model of humping formation mechanism in high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is used to analyze the effects of welding current and welding speed on the occurrence of humping bead. It considers both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet inside weld pool. Three-dimensional geometry of weld pool, the spacing between two adjacent humps and hump height along humping weld bead are calculated under different levels of welding current and welding speed. It shows that wire feeding rate, power intensity and the moment of backward flowing molten jet are the major factors on humping bead formation.展开更多
Sorting humps are the main technical means providing the breaking- and making-up of freight trains. Automation of sorting process by implementing microprocessor control systems is the main direction ofincreasing hump ...Sorting humps are the main technical means providing the breaking- and making-up of freight trains. Automation of sorting process by implementing microprocessor control systems is the main direction ofincreasing hump yard capacity, enhancement of safety in trains breaking-up, improvement of working conditions on hump yards. However, for wider introduction of such systems at the humps, it is necessary to reduce their cost. One of the main tasks of hump control systems is the determination of the optimal cars exit speeds from the retarders. Its solution is significantly complicated because of the uncertainty of cars rolling resistance coefficient, wind velocity and direction, retarder control errors. The paper is aimed at solving the problem of searching for such cars exit speeds from the retarders that provide the longest time intervals between them at the switches. Implementation of this method will make it possible to improve the quality of sorting process as a whole by improving the software of microprocessor control systems for automatic humping, rather than by increasing their technical facilities, which as a result will reduce the cost of their construction and operation. The research results, when solving the problem of searching for cars exit speeds from the retarders, allow us to move from searching for the maximum of a nonlinear non-smooth function of two variables to solution of an equation with one variable, which significantlyaccelerates and simplifies the solution to the problem.展开更多
Speed management is an essential tool in ensuring the improved safety of users of urban roads, particularly vulnerable users. It relies on several measures: awareness campaigns, speed control, as well as the developm...Speed management is an essential tool in ensuring the improved safety of users of urban roads, particularly vulnerable users. It relies on several measures: awareness campaigns, speed control, as well as the development and operation of the road infrastructure. Municipalities in Quebec are increasingly resorting to the development of traffic calming measures, and are facing numerous questions concerning their installation and their effectiveness. To respond to this need, the ministere des Transports du Quebec (Quebec Department of Transport) has begun publishing a series of fact sheets on a variety of traffic calming measures, including speed humps and speed cushions, raised crosswalks and intersections, neckdowns, centre islands and chicanes. A general fact sheet introduces all of the measures and notably outlines the procedure for pre-implementation analysis. Each fact sheet dedicated to an individual measure outlines the implementation context, advantages and disadvantages, geometric characteristics, effectiveness at reducing speed, and maintenance requirements, including winter maintenance. Two fact sheets are already published: the general fact sheet and the fact sheet on speed humps and speed cushions. The fact sheets as well as examples of measures implemented in municipalities are available on the minist6re's web site under Partenaires-Municipalites-Securite routiere.展开更多
Objective:To identify the clinical manifestations of hump nosed viper envenomation and to recognize the available treatment methods to prevent complications.Methods:Descriptive observational study involving a series o...Objective:To identify the clinical manifestations of hump nosed viper envenomation and to recognize the available treatment methods to prevent complications.Methods:Descriptive observational study involving a series of 1 543 patients admitted with hump nosed viper bite to 5 major hospitals in Sri Lanka was conducted.Data collection was done consecutively during February 1990 and February 2008.Except Hypnale,identification of the biting snake was made by the corresponding author after visual examination of the dead or live snakes,which were brought to hospital.Results:Sixty seven(4.34%) patients developed systemic effects and two (0.1%) patients died due to effects of envenomation or complications of treatment.Systemic effects varied from coagulopathy,nephropathy to some neurological manifestations.Fifty nine (3.8%) patients had only coagulopathy and they received either,intravenous isotonic saline to ensure adequate urine out put i.e.0.5 mL/kg /hour or 15 mL/kg of fresh frozen plasma(FFP). None of the patients that had coagulopathy developed renal failure.Contamination of the sample by mildly venomous species of Hypnale may have contributed to the low incidence of systemic complications.Conclusions:It is likely that early hydration with normal saline or FFP can prevent acute renal failure.FFP showed a tendency for early correction of coagulopathy.Role of FFP in hump nosed viper envenomation is worth studying in randomized double blind controlled clinical trials.展开更多
Under the action of a positive gate bias stress, a hump in the subthreshold region of the transfer characteristic is observed for the amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin film transistor, which adopts an elevated-...Under the action of a positive gate bias stress, a hump in the subthreshold region of the transfer characteristic is observed for the amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin film transistor, which adopts an elevated-metal metal-oxide structure. As stress time goes by, both the on-state current and the hump shift towards the negative gate-voltage direction. The humps occur at almost the same current levels for devices with different channel widths, which is attributed to the parasitic transistors located at the channel width edges. Therefore, we propose that the positive charges trapped at the back-channel interface cause the negative shift, and the origin of the hump is considered as being due to more positive charges trapped at the edges along the channel width direction. On the other hand, the hump-effect becomes more significant in a short channel device (L=2 μm). It is proposed that the diffusion of oxygen vacancies takes place from the high concentration source/drain region to the intrinsic channel region.展开更多
In this note, we establish several results concerning the gliding hump properties of matrix domains. In order to discuss F-WGHP, we introduce the UAK-property and find that this sort of property has close relationship...In this note, we establish several results concerning the gliding hump properties of matrix domains. In order to discuss F-WGHP, we introduce the UAK-property and find that this sort of property has close relationship with F-WGHP. In the course of discussing F-WGHP and WGHP of (C0)cn, we discuss the F-WGHP and WGHP of the almost-null sequence space f0.展开更多
Gas-jet-assisted keyhole laser welding offers the possibility of a breakthrough in the limitations of penetration depth in laser welding,which currently suffers from equipment restrictions.A gas jet of sufficient inte...Gas-jet-assisted keyhole laser welding offers the possibility of a breakthrough in the limitations of penetration depth in laser welding,which currently suffers from equipment restrictions.A gas jet of sufficient intensity to assist the keyhole should be used to obtain suppressed plasma,a deepened keyhole,and increased penetration depth.However,an excessively strong gas jet gives rise to humps.The incident angle of the keyhole-assisted gas jet is 60°,with a nozzle ahead of the laser beam.A series of experiments were carried out with different welding velocities and gas parameters by using HR-2 hydrogen-resistant stainless steel and a slab CO2 continuous-wave laser welding machine.The weld profiles can be categorized into four types,welds of traditional laser welding,welds of enhanced laser welding,undercut welds,and humping welds with increased gas pressure.A high-speed camera was employed in the experiments to monitor the formation of humps under an excessively strong gas jet.The results of analysis show that hump formation can be divided into six stages.Its main driving force is the intense turbulence of gas jet.There are two main reasons for hump formation:premature solidification of the molten pool caused by the large temperature gradient between the front and rear parts of the molten pool,and the emergence of a thin layer liquid bridge with one-directional flow under the enhanced cooling effect of excessively strong gas.展开更多
Pulmonary embolism (PE), with the incidence of about 60 per 100000 annually, can be a life-threatening disease if it is not treated promptly. It has been estimated that some 10% of PE patients die within the first hou...Pulmonary embolism (PE), with the incidence of about 60 per 100000 annually, can be a life-threatening disease if it is not treated promptly. It has been estimated that some 10% of PE patients die within the first hour of the event. Untreated PE has a mortality of about 30%. PE is a condition that is treatable if suspected and diagnosed early. The chest radiograph is still the first investigation that is ordered in patients presenting with cardiorespiratory symptoms or symptoms suggestive of PE. The CXR is also helpful in identifying or excluding other conditions or diagnoses. Thus, knowing and understanding some of the more specific CXR signs can be useful. We suggest that physicians to be aware of and utilize CXR findings such as Palla's sign, Westermark sign and Hamptons hump to help with the diagnosis of PE and to exclude other conditions that can mimic venous thrombo-embolism. Even if these signs are not common, their presence, even in an unsuspected patient without a high pretest probability of PE, should prompt further investigations such as a D-dimer test, lung scintigraphy or computed tomography pulmonary angiography as required.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the signed weak gliding hump property in a dual pair with the structure of a system of sections and show that if a dual pair [E, F] has the signed weak gliding hump property, then the β-du...In this paper, we introduce the signed weak gliding hump property in a dual pair with the structure of a system of sections and show that if a dual pair [E, F] has the signed weak gliding hump property, then the β-dual space of E is a weak sequentially complete space if and only if for every n ∈N,(F[n] ,σ(F[n] ,E[n] )) is sequentially complete. Furthermore, we also prove that if [E,F] has the signed weak gliding hump property, then (E,τ(E,E<β> )) is an AK- space.展开更多
Objective:To describe the epidemiology of snake bite in the region and attempt to compare proven Russell’s viper with hump-nosed viper bites.Methods:All snake bite admissions to the Toxicology Unit of Teaching Hospit...Objective:To describe the epidemiology of snake bite in the region and attempt to compare proven Russell’s viper with hump-nosed viper bites.Methods:All snake bite admissions to the Toxicology Unit of Teaching Hospital Peradeniya over three year from 2006 were included. Results:Of the 776 snakebites,665(86%) were unidentified and non-envenomed.Humpnosed viper and Russell’s viper accounted for 55(7%) and 40(5%) bites respectively,of them, incriminated snakes were found in 36(65%) and 19(48%) cases.The cobra bites-5,krait bites-0. The median ages:Russell’s viper bites-41(range 16-66),hump-nosed viper bites-42(range 15- 75).The gender incidence,time of bite(】58%daytime) were similar.In hump-nosed viper bite; upper limb involved in 13(36%),happened at home garden in 22(61%),none in paddy fields.In Russell’s viper bite;6(33%) occurred in paddy fields.Dry bites were similar at 5%.In humpnosed viper bite:local effects 94%,coagulopathy 3%,acute renal failure 3%and one patient died.In Russell’s viper bite;local effects 84%,coagulopathy 53%,neurotoxicity 21%.Abdominal pain occurred only in Russell’s viper bites 10(53%).Conclusions:Overwhelming numbers of unidentified,non-envenomed snakebites are common in the central hills.Some distinctive differences were observed between Russell’s viper and hump-nosed viper bites.展开更多
Hump-nosed viper bite is the commonest venomous snakebite in Sri Lanka. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in association with coagulopathy is an important cause of mortality. Immunomodulating effects of fresh frozen plasma (F...Hump-nosed viper bite is the commonest venomous snakebite in Sri Lanka. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in association with coagulopathy is an important cause of mortality. Immunomodulating effects of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) could block the nephrotoxic effects of venom;and by replenishing depleted clotting factors resulting from venom induced consumption coagulopathy could offer an additional benefit in offsetting renal injury triggered by haematological disturbances. In a non-randomised observational study carried out from 2005 to 2008 in adults at the National hospital of Sri Lanka, the mean time for resolution of coagulopathy among 42 patients treated with FFP at the inception of coagulopathy was 4.7 hours compared to 18 patients treated with isotonic Saline among whom the mean time for normalisation of coagulopathy was 6.2 hours. None of these 60 patients developed acute renal failure. A separate cohort of 32 patients with coagulopathy after hump-nosed viper bite who had not received FFP during this study period developed acute renal failure and required haemodialysis. In the absence of safe and effective antivenom for hump-nosed viper in Sri Lanka, FFP may be a therapeutic option. FFP if given early to selected patients at inception of coagulopathy may prevent AKI and serve to save lives after hump-nosed viper bites.展开更多
Now this is the next tale,and it tellshow the Camel got his big hump^1.In the beginning of years,when theworld was so new and all,and the Animalswere just beginning to work for Man,therewas a Camel,and he lived in the...Now this is the next tale,and it tellshow the Camel got his big hump^1.In the beginning of years,when theworld was so new and all,and the Animalswere just beginning to work for Man,therewas a Camel,and he lived in the middle of aHowling Desert because he did not want towork;and besides,he was a Howler himself.So he ate sticks and thorns^2 and tamarisks^3and milkweed and prickles^4,~*most scruciating idle^5;and when anybody spoke展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11875031)the key research projects of Natural Science of Anhui Provincial Colleges and Universities (Grant No. 2022AH050252)。
文摘As a common transportation facility, speed humps can control the speed of vehicles on special road sections to reduce traffic risks. At the same time, they also cause instantaneous traffic emissions. Based on the classic instantaneous traffic emission model and the limited deceleration capacity microscopic traffic flow model with slow-to-start rules, this paper has investigated the impact of speed humps on traffic flow and the instantaneous emissions of vehicle pollutants in a single lane situation. The numerical simulation results have shown that speed humps have significant effects on traffic flow and traffic emissions. In a free-flow region, the increase of speed humps leads to the continuous rise of CO_(2), NO_(X) and PM emissions. Within some density ranges, one finds that these pollutant emissions can evolve into some higher values under some random seeds. Under other random seeds, they can evolve into some lower values. In a wide moving jam region, the emission values of these pollutants sometimes appear as continuous or intermittent phenomenon. Compared to the refined Na Sch model, the present model has lower instantaneous emissions such as CO_(2), NO_(X) and PM and higher volatile organic components(VOC) emissions. Compared to the limited deceleration capacity model without slow-to-start rules, the present model also has lower instantaneous emissions such as CO_(2), NO_(X) and PM and higher VOC emissions in a wide moving jam region. These results can also be confirmed or explained by the statistical values of vehicle velocity and acceleration.
基金the Princeton University Eric and Wendy Schmidt Fund for the financial support of this project。
文摘The periodic undulation of a molten track’s height profile in laser-based powder bed fusion of metals(PBF-LB/M)is a commonly observed phenomena that can cause defects and building failure during the manufacturing process.However a quantitative analysis of such instabilities has not been fully established and so here we used Rayleigh–Plateau theory to determine the stability of a single molten track in PBF-LB/M and tested it with various processing conditions by changing laser power and beam shape.The analysis discovered that normalized enthalpy,which relates to energy input density,determines whether a molten track is initially unstable and if so,the growth rate for the instability.Additionally,whether the growth rate ultimately yields significant undulation depends on the melt duration,estimated by dwell time in our experiment.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support for this research from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘During high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW), the backward flowing molten jet with high momentum in the weld pool is considered to be responsible for the occurrence of humping bead. To suppress humping bead, an electromagnetic device is developed and coupled with the welding system. By adjusting the conditions of external magnetic field, forward electromagnetic force is obtained to reduce the momentum of the backward flow of molten metal in weld pool. Consequently, the humping bead can be suppressed by adjusting the external magnetic field. Bead-on-plate welding experiment was conducted on mild steel plates, and the influence of magnetic flux density on the arc deflection angle and weld bead quality is investigated. It is found that external magnetic field can remarkably adjust the momentum of backward flow jet and significantly improve the quality of weld bead.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support for this project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 50675119.
文摘Considering the influence of backward flowing molten jet observed by experiments, a new pool surface deformation formula and droplets heat content model are used to investigate the humping formation mechanism during high-speed gas metal arc (GMA) welding. Three-dimensional geometry of the humping bead is numerically simulated only if some extra force and heat acted at the rear part of weld pool are taken into account in the model. It has proved that both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet must be appropriately treated to quantitatively analyze the physical mechanism of the humping phenomenon.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&G Program(Grant No.2012BAF03B01-X)Innovative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51121004)
文摘The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D simulations are carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model in pump mode under different guide vane openings.The numerical results agree with the experimental data.The entropy production theory is introduced to determine the flow losses in the whole passage,based on the numerical simulation.The variation of entropy production under different guide vane openings is presented.The results show that entropy production appears to be a wave,with peaks under different guide vane openings,which correspond to wave troughs in the external characteristic curves.Entropy production mainly happens in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes for a pump turbine in pump mode.Finally,entropy production rate distribution in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes is analyzed for four points under the 18 mm guide vane opening in the hump region.The analysis indicates that the losses of the runner and guide vanes lead to hump characteristics.In addition,the losses mainly occur in the runner inlet near the band and on the suction surface of the blades.In the guide vanes and stay vanes,the losses come from pressure surface of the guide vanes and the wake effects of the vanes.A new insight-entropy production analysis is carried out in this paper in order to find the causes of hump characteristics in a pump turbine,and it could provide some basic theoretical guidance for the loss analysis of hydraulic machinery.
文摘The developed mathematical model of humping formation mechanism in high-speed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is used to analyze the effects of welding current and welding speed on the occurrence of humping bead. It considers both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet inside weld pool. Three-dimensional geometry of weld pool, the spacing between two adjacent humps and hump height along humping weld bead are calculated under different levels of welding current and welding speed. It shows that wire feeding rate, power intensity and the moment of backward flowing molten jet are the major factors on humping bead formation.
文摘Sorting humps are the main technical means providing the breaking- and making-up of freight trains. Automation of sorting process by implementing microprocessor control systems is the main direction ofincreasing hump yard capacity, enhancement of safety in trains breaking-up, improvement of working conditions on hump yards. However, for wider introduction of such systems at the humps, it is necessary to reduce their cost. One of the main tasks of hump control systems is the determination of the optimal cars exit speeds from the retarders. Its solution is significantly complicated because of the uncertainty of cars rolling resistance coefficient, wind velocity and direction, retarder control errors. The paper is aimed at solving the problem of searching for such cars exit speeds from the retarders that provide the longest time intervals between them at the switches. Implementation of this method will make it possible to improve the quality of sorting process as a whole by improving the software of microprocessor control systems for automatic humping, rather than by increasing their technical facilities, which as a result will reduce the cost of their construction and operation. The research results, when solving the problem of searching for cars exit speeds from the retarders, allow us to move from searching for the maximum of a nonlinear non-smooth function of two variables to solution of an equation with one variable, which significantlyaccelerates and simplifies the solution to the problem.
文摘Speed management is an essential tool in ensuring the improved safety of users of urban roads, particularly vulnerable users. It relies on several measures: awareness campaigns, speed control, as well as the development and operation of the road infrastructure. Municipalities in Quebec are increasingly resorting to the development of traffic calming measures, and are facing numerous questions concerning their installation and their effectiveness. To respond to this need, the ministere des Transports du Quebec (Quebec Department of Transport) has begun publishing a series of fact sheets on a variety of traffic calming measures, including speed humps and speed cushions, raised crosswalks and intersections, neckdowns, centre islands and chicanes. A general fact sheet introduces all of the measures and notably outlines the procedure for pre-implementation analysis. Each fact sheet dedicated to an individual measure outlines the implementation context, advantages and disadvantages, geometric characteristics, effectiveness at reducing speed, and maintenance requirements, including winter maintenance. Two fact sheets are already published: the general fact sheet and the fact sheet on speed humps and speed cushions. The fact sheets as well as examples of measures implemented in municipalities are available on the minist6re's web site under Partenaires-Municipalites-Securite routiere.
文摘Objective:To identify the clinical manifestations of hump nosed viper envenomation and to recognize the available treatment methods to prevent complications.Methods:Descriptive observational study involving a series of 1 543 patients admitted with hump nosed viper bite to 5 major hospitals in Sri Lanka was conducted.Data collection was done consecutively during February 1990 and February 2008.Except Hypnale,identification of the biting snake was made by the corresponding author after visual examination of the dead or live snakes,which were brought to hospital.Results:Sixty seven(4.34%) patients developed systemic effects and two (0.1%) patients died due to effects of envenomation or complications of treatment.Systemic effects varied from coagulopathy,nephropathy to some neurological manifestations.Fifty nine (3.8%) patients had only coagulopathy and they received either,intravenous isotonic saline to ensure adequate urine out put i.e.0.5 mL/kg /hour or 15 mL/kg of fresh frozen plasma(FFP). None of the patients that had coagulopathy developed renal failure.Contamination of the sample by mildly venomous species of Hypnale may have contributed to the low incidence of systemic complications.Conclusions:It is likely that early hydration with normal saline or FFP can prevent acute renal failure.FFP showed a tendency for early correction of coagulopathy.Role of FFP in hump nosed viper envenomation is worth studying in randomized double blind controlled clinical trials.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Program of Suzhou City,China(Grant No.SYG201538)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61574096)
文摘Under the action of a positive gate bias stress, a hump in the subthreshold region of the transfer characteristic is observed for the amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin film transistor, which adopts an elevated-metal metal-oxide structure. As stress time goes by, both the on-state current and the hump shift towards the negative gate-voltage direction. The humps occur at almost the same current levels for devices with different channel widths, which is attributed to the parasitic transistors located at the channel width edges. Therefore, we propose that the positive charges trapped at the back-channel interface cause the negative shift, and the origin of the hump is considered as being due to more positive charges trapped at the edges along the channel width direction. On the other hand, the hump-effect becomes more significant in a short channel device (L=2 μm). It is proposed that the diffusion of oxygen vacancies takes place from the high concentration source/drain region to the intrinsic channel region.
文摘In this note, we establish several results concerning the gliding hump properties of matrix domains. In order to discuss F-WGHP, we introduce the UAK-property and find that this sort of property has close relationship with F-WGHP. In the course of discussing F-WGHP and WGHP of (C0)cn, we discuss the F-WGHP and WGHP of the almost-null sequence space f0.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51005219)the Key Project of Development Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.2013A0203008)
文摘Gas-jet-assisted keyhole laser welding offers the possibility of a breakthrough in the limitations of penetration depth in laser welding,which currently suffers from equipment restrictions.A gas jet of sufficient intensity to assist the keyhole should be used to obtain suppressed plasma,a deepened keyhole,and increased penetration depth.However,an excessively strong gas jet gives rise to humps.The incident angle of the keyhole-assisted gas jet is 60°,with a nozzle ahead of the laser beam.A series of experiments were carried out with different welding velocities and gas parameters by using HR-2 hydrogen-resistant stainless steel and a slab CO2 continuous-wave laser welding machine.The weld profiles can be categorized into four types,welds of traditional laser welding,welds of enhanced laser welding,undercut welds,and humping welds with increased gas pressure.A high-speed camera was employed in the experiments to monitor the formation of humps under an excessively strong gas jet.The results of analysis show that hump formation can be divided into six stages.Its main driving force is the intense turbulence of gas jet.There are two main reasons for hump formation:premature solidification of the molten pool caused by the large temperature gradient between the front and rear parts of the molten pool,and the emergence of a thin layer liquid bridge with one-directional flow under the enhanced cooling effect of excessively strong gas.
文摘Pulmonary embolism (PE), with the incidence of about 60 per 100000 annually, can be a life-threatening disease if it is not treated promptly. It has been estimated that some 10% of PE patients die within the first hour of the event. Untreated PE has a mortality of about 30%. PE is a condition that is treatable if suspected and diagnosed early. The chest radiograph is still the first investigation that is ordered in patients presenting with cardiorespiratory symptoms or symptoms suggestive of PE. The CXR is also helpful in identifying or excluding other conditions or diagnoses. Thus, knowing and understanding some of the more specific CXR signs can be useful. We suggest that physicians to be aware of and utilize CXR findings such as Palla's sign, Westermark sign and Hamptons hump to help with the diagnosis of PE and to exclude other conditions that can mimic venous thrombo-embolism. Even if these signs are not common, their presence, even in an unsuspected patient without a high pretest probability of PE, should prompt further investigations such as a D-dimer test, lung scintigraphy or computed tomography pulmonary angiography as required.
基金Supported by Research Fund of Kumoh National Institute of Technology,Korea
文摘In this paper, we introduce the signed weak gliding hump property in a dual pair with the structure of a system of sections and show that if a dual pair [E, F] has the signed weak gliding hump property, then the β-dual space of E is a weak sequentially complete space if and only if for every n ∈N,(F[n] ,σ(F[n] ,E[n] )) is sequentially complete. Furthermore, we also prove that if [E,F] has the signed weak gliding hump property, then (E,τ(E,E<β> )) is an AK- space.
文摘Objective:To describe the epidemiology of snake bite in the region and attempt to compare proven Russell’s viper with hump-nosed viper bites.Methods:All snake bite admissions to the Toxicology Unit of Teaching Hospital Peradeniya over three year from 2006 were included. Results:Of the 776 snakebites,665(86%) were unidentified and non-envenomed.Humpnosed viper and Russell’s viper accounted for 55(7%) and 40(5%) bites respectively,of them, incriminated snakes were found in 36(65%) and 19(48%) cases.The cobra bites-5,krait bites-0. The median ages:Russell’s viper bites-41(range 16-66),hump-nosed viper bites-42(range 15- 75).The gender incidence,time of bite(】58%daytime) were similar.In hump-nosed viper bite; upper limb involved in 13(36%),happened at home garden in 22(61%),none in paddy fields.In Russell’s viper bite;6(33%) occurred in paddy fields.Dry bites were similar at 5%.In humpnosed viper bite:local effects 94%,coagulopathy 3%,acute renal failure 3%and one patient died.In Russell’s viper bite;local effects 84%,coagulopathy 53%,neurotoxicity 21%.Abdominal pain occurred only in Russell’s viper bites 10(53%).Conclusions:Overwhelming numbers of unidentified,non-envenomed snakebites are common in the central hills.Some distinctive differences were observed between Russell’s viper and hump-nosed viper bites.
文摘Hump-nosed viper bite is the commonest venomous snakebite in Sri Lanka. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in association with coagulopathy is an important cause of mortality. Immunomodulating effects of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) could block the nephrotoxic effects of venom;and by replenishing depleted clotting factors resulting from venom induced consumption coagulopathy could offer an additional benefit in offsetting renal injury triggered by haematological disturbances. In a non-randomised observational study carried out from 2005 to 2008 in adults at the National hospital of Sri Lanka, the mean time for resolution of coagulopathy among 42 patients treated with FFP at the inception of coagulopathy was 4.7 hours compared to 18 patients treated with isotonic Saline among whom the mean time for normalisation of coagulopathy was 6.2 hours. None of these 60 patients developed acute renal failure. A separate cohort of 32 patients with coagulopathy after hump-nosed viper bite who had not received FFP during this study period developed acute renal failure and required haemodialysis. In the absence of safe and effective antivenom for hump-nosed viper in Sri Lanka, FFP may be a therapeutic option. FFP if given early to selected patients at inception of coagulopathy may prevent AKI and serve to save lives after hump-nosed viper bites.
文摘Now this is the next tale,and it tellshow the Camel got his big hump^1.In the beginning of years,when theworld was so new and all,and the Animalswere just beginning to work for Man,therewas a Camel,and he lived in the middle of aHowling Desert because he did not want towork;and besides,he was a Howler himself.So he ate sticks and thorns^2 and tamarisks^3and milkweed and prickles^4,~*most scruciating idle^5;and when anybody spoke